The Balkans (ENG) - Uluslararası İlişkiler (İngilizce)

Ünite 1

Soru 1

What is the name of the initiative that the European Union launched in 1999 for the South East Europe region?

Stability Pact for Southeast Europe

TAIEX

PHARE

The Balkans in limbo

The hour of Europe

Açıklama:

Stability Pact for Southeast Europe
In 1999, European Union (EU) launched an initiative called the Stability Pact for Southeast Europe. Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Romania and Serbia were defined as member partners from the South East Europe region.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 2

Which one of the below country can not be regarded as a Balkan country?

Ukraine

Albania

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Montenegro

Serbia

Açıklama:

Ukraine
Southeast European countries: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Romania and Serbia

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 3

Which of the following interest area of Turkey is not in the Balkans?

Privatization law-making process

Reconstruction of Islamic infrastructure

Educational facilities

Military sector

Businesses and trade

Açıklama:

Privatization law-making process
Turkey has strong ties with the region due to the common history of Ottoman Empire. Turkey’s investments are heavily on the reconstruction of Islamic infrastructure, such as mosques and educational facilities. Since the end of the Yugoslav wars, Turkey has invested in educational facilities, including establishing colleges that promote the relationship between Turkey and the Western Balkans region. Turkey and Albania have close cooperation in the military sector. Albanian soldiers serve under Turkish command in the ISAF
Afghanistan mission. Turkey has also extensively invested in the region’s businesses and trade. It can be said that Turkey’s political, security, economic, cultural, and educational cooperation with the region remains high.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 4

Which of the following Gulf countries have not investments in the Balkan region?

Oman

United Arab Emirates

Qatar

Saudi Arabia

Kuwait

Açıklama:

Oman
Many of the Middle Eastern Gulf countries, part of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), that cluster on the Arabian Peninsula have recently increased ties and cooperation with the Western Balkans countries. The key players of the Gulf States in the region are the UAE, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and Kuwait.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 5

Which of the following economic and political events has not been effective in reducing the influence of the European Union on the Western Balkans?

US presidential election

Eurozone crisis

Migration/refugee crisis

Brexit

Arab Spring

Açıklama:

US presidential election
Since 2009, drastic developments like the Eurozone crisis, the migration/refugee crisis, Brexit, Arab Spring, Syrian conflict, Ukrainian conflict have shifted EU attention away from Western Balkans.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 6

Who is the major trading partner for the Western Balkan?

European Union

Turkey

USA

Saudi Arabia

China

Açıklama:

The West remains still engaged in the Western Balkans region. European Union is a major “western power player” in the processes of influencing different spheres of economic, cultural, political and security developments. The EU, overall, is a major trading partner for the Western Balkan. Balkans constitutes a remarkable market with a population of nearly 18 million people, for the EU.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 7

Which of the following area is not determined by Čeperković and Gaub as a "megatrend" for the Balkans that are unlikely to a substantial change in the given time period?

High Population

An outdated and deficient education system

High unemployment and high public debt

Underperforming institutions

Ethnocentrism

Açıklama:

High Population
Čeperković and Gaub call developments that are unlikely to substantially change in the given timeframe as “megatrends” and they determine 6 megatrends for the Balkans. These are (i) population decline; (ii) high unemployment and high public debt; (iii) underperforming institutions; (iv) ethnocentrism and contested statehood; (v) an outdated and deficient education system; and (vi) globalisation trends (internet penetration and urbanisation). They discuss that these megatrends are interacting with 6 game-changers; a term that refers to an event or set of circumstances that exerts a decisive influence on the future, requiring a decision to be made, which can have different consequences depending on what choice is taken.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 8

Which of the following country is not one of the game-changer in the Balkans?

Belarus

European Union

Gulf countries

Russia

China

Açıklama:

Belarus
6 game-changers for the Balkans are the European Union, Russia, China, Turkey, the Gulf countries and several regional and bilateral disputes which comprise territorial disputes, disputes over minority rights, and quarrels pertaining to interstate politics.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 9

When did Greece and North Macedonia end the 27-year "name dispute"?

2019

2021

1995

2000

2005

Açıklama:

Greece and North Macedonia put an end to the 27 years of “name dispute” in 2019.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 10

What has a decisive influence on the culture, music and tradition of Balkan society?

Ottoman domination

Slavic culture

Orthodox Christians

Habsburg rule

Romans

Açıklama:

The long-term Ottoman domination in the Balkan geography had a determining effect on the development of the Balkan society.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 11

“The sea power was crucial in the national historical supremacy”.
“Outcomes of wars can be determined by the control of seaborne trade”.
Who supported the above mentioned ideas?

Mahan

Sprout

Kennan

Mackinder

Spykman

Açıklama:

Geopolitics of Balkans
Mahan

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 12

Which country is not one of the countries in Western Balkans?

Albenia

North Macedonia

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Croatia

Montenegro

Açıklama:

Geopolitics of Balkans
Croatia

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 13

Which country in the Eastern powers did not exert its influence, through similar security and cultural instruments?

Russia

China

Iran

Turkey

Montenegro

Açıklama:

Geopolitics of Balkans
Montenegro

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 14

Which country has high political, security, economic, cultural, and educational cooperation with the region?

Iran

Turkey

Kuwait

China

Russia

Açıklama:

Geopolitics of Balkans
Turkey

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 15

Which event separated the Byzantine and Roman churches as a result of the mutual excommunication of each other by the Pope Leo IX and the Patriarch of Constantinople over doctrinal and jurisdictional issues?

Peloponnesian Wars

Achaean League

Great Schism of 1054

The Byzantine epoch

The Ottoman conquest

Açıklama:

History of the Balkans
Great Schism of 1054

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 16

“In that period, non-Muslims were deemed inferior in status and paid additional taxes, they enjoyed autonomy on civil matters as the religious communities of the millet system”.
Which Ottoman Empire was in reign during the above mentioned period?

Sultan Murad

Mehmet I

Beyazid I

Mehmet II

Süleyman I

Açıklama:

History of the Balkans
Mehmet II

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 17

Which event ended the Russo-Turkish war of 1877-1878 and stipulated the independence of Serbia, Montenegro and Romania as well as the autonomy of Bulgaria under Ottoman suzerainty?

The Treaty of San Stefano

Balkan Wars

Congress of Berlin

The First World War

The Second Balkan War

Açıklama:

History of the Balkans
The Treaty of San Stefano

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 18

The __________________ situation of the Balkans has made it an obligatory transit point for immigrants or invaders moving between Asia Minor and Europe.

historical

economical

geographical

cultural

regional

Açıklama:

The Cultural and Social Structure of the Balkans
geographical

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 19

Which cultures are the leading ones that have historically affected Balkan geography the most?

Byzantian, Austrian and Turkish

Greek, Slavic, and Turkish

Greek, Roman and Slavic

Hungarian, Italian and Greek

Albenian, Bulgarian and Slavic

Açıklama:

The Cultural and Social Structure of the Balkans
Greek, Slavic, and Turkish

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 20

The long period of Ottoman domination in the Balkan geography had a ______________ influence on the development of Balkan society.

minor

slight

decisive

insignificant

unimportant

Açıklama:

The Cultural and Social Structure of the Balkans
decisive

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 21

..... is the geographical influence on the behavior of states.
Fill in the blanks.

Geo-politics

Geography

Political influence

Conjuncture

Strategy politics

Açıklama:

‘Geo-politics’ is the geographical influence on the behavior of states

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 22

Which of the following are among the highest contributors to foreign direct investment and development aid, as well as financial support to the non-governmental and civil society sectors in the Western Balkans?

The USA and the EU

The EU and Russia

Turkey and Russia

The USA and China

China and Russia

Açıklama:

The European Union, its members and the USA are among the highest contributors to foreign direct investment and development aid, as well as financial support to the non-governmental and civil society sectors. Therefore, the West remains still engaged into
the Western Balkans region. European Union is a major “western power player” in the processes of influencing different spheres of economic, cultural, political and security developments. The EU, overall, is a major trading partner for the Western
Balkans. The answer is A.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 23

I. population decline
II. high unemployment and high public debt
III. underperforming institutions
IV. ethnocentrism and contested statehood
V. an outdated and deficient education system
Which of the above are among the megatrends determined by Čeperković and Gaub?

I, II, III

I,III,IV

I,II,III,IV

I,II,III,IV,V

I,III,V

Açıklama:

Čeperković and Gaub call developments that are unlikely to substantially change in the given timeframe as “megatrends” and they determine 6 megatrends for Balkans. These are (i) population decline; (ii) high unemployment and high public debt; (iii) underperforming institutions; (iv) ethnocentrism and contested statehood; (v) an outdated and deficient education system; and (vi) globalisation trends (internet penetration and urbanisation). so all of the above are correct.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 24

In this scenario the EU integration process is laid aside, geopolitics and violent conflicts are resurgent, Kosovo and Bosnia Herzegovina are spilt, redrawing of borders in the Balkans conduce agony again and the countries of the Western Balkans remain as disconnected and fragmented as they were in the 1990s (2018: 5-7). They stress that all three scenarios may equally happen.
which of the below fits the scenario mentioned above by Čeperković and Gaub?

The hour of Europe

The Balkans in limbo

The ghosts of the past

Balkans war

Rupture form Europe

Açıklama:

Čeperković and Gaub present three possible scenarios of the Balkans for 2025: “The hour of Europe”, “The Balkans in limbo” and “The ghosts of the past”.
“The ghosts of the past” is the worst-case. In this scenario the EU integration process is laid aside, geopolitics and violent conflicts are resurgent, Kosovo and Bosnia Herzegovina are spilt, redrawing of borders in the Balkans conduce agony again and the countries of the Western Balkans remain as disconnected and fragmented as they were in the 1990s (2018: 5-7). They stress that all three scenarios may equally happen (2018: 10).

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 25

...... are regarded as the first inhabitants of the Balkan Peninsula.
Fill in the blanks.

The Illyrians and Romans

The Illyrians and the Thracians

The Romans and the Thracians

Greeks and Romans

Turks and Greeks

Açıklama:

The Illyrians and the Thracians are regarded as the first inhabitants of the Balkan Peninsula.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 26

The second phase of the Balkan history started in the second century BC, when the...... brought the Balkan Peninsula under a single rule and within the scope of Mediterranean civilization.
Fill in the blanks.

Greeks

Romans

Turks

Thracians

Russians

Açıklama:

The second phase of the Balkan history started in the second century BC, when the Romans brought the Balkan Peninsula under a single rule and within the scope of Mediterranean civilization.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 27

From the third century, when “the Great Migration” became a threat to the Roman Empire, invasions of the outside tribes began to change the ethnic composition of the Balkan people. Which of the below aren't among the tribes that moved from their homelands to the Roman lands between the third and thirteenth centuries?

The Goths

The Huns

The Greek

The Avars

The Hungarians

Açıklama:

From the third century, when “the Great Migration” became a threat to the Roman Empire, invasions of the outside tribes began to change the ethnic composition of the Balkan people. The Goths, Huns, Avars, Slavs, Bulgars, Hungarians, Pechenegs, Cumans and Mongols were among the tribes that moved from their homelands to the Roman lands between the third and thirteenth centuries.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 28

The third phase of the Balkan history is called the medieval or ....... covering the period between the 6th and 15th centuries.
Fill in the blanks.

Alexandrian epoch

Greek era

Roman era

Byzantine epoch

Ottoman epoch

Açıklama:

The third phase of the Balkan history is called the medieval or Byzantine epoch covering the period between the 6th and 15th centuries.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 29

I. Autonomy of the communities
II. Conscription of Christian boys
III. Islamization of the region
Which of the above were among the policies of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans?

I,II

II,III

I,II,III

Açıklama:

All of the above

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 30

The fifth phase of the Balkan history was the epoch of liberation that lasted until the First World War. The Serbians and Greeks were the first to revolt against the Ottomans in that period. What is the principal ground of conflict in the Balkans during the 19th and 20th centuries?

Nationalism movement

The decline of the Ottomans

The end of the empires

Russian influence

Foreign invasions

Açıklama:

The fifth phase of the Balkan history was the epoch of liberation that lasted until the First World War. “The Western European concept of romantic nationalism” began to spread among the various Balkan populations by the first half of the 19th century. The Serbians and Greeks were the first to revolt against the Ottomans in that period (Hupchick, 2002: 187-188). Consequently, the influence of nationalism formed the principal ground for conflict in the Balkans during the 19th and 20th centuries.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 31

Which geographical feature best explains why the Balkans is described as both a maze of mountains and a strategic passageway?

The Danubian Plain

The Pindus Mountains

The Carpathian Basin

The Dinaric Alps

The Morava-Vardar Corridor

Açıklama:

The most direct route is the Morava-Vardar Corridor that extends southward from Belgrade at the confluence of the Danube and the Sava rivers to Salonica on the Aegean Sea. This route also gives access eastward to Istanbul (Constantinople)
from Nis in the Morava Valley through the Sofia basin and from there down the Maritsa River to Thrace and the Golden Horn. Thus, although the peninsula itself is a jumble of mountainous valleys and cul-de-sacs that unquestionably produce local internal isolation for the peoples of the Balkans, the network of passageways has provided ready access for foreign invaders into and across the
Balkans.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 32

Which external power primarily focuses on Serbia and Republika Srpska in its geopolitical strategy in the Western Balkans?

China

Russia

Turkey

European Union

United States

Açıklama:

Russia’s focus is primarily on Serbia and Republika Srpska (RS)

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 33

Which scenario for the Western Balkans by 2025 envisions Montenegro and Serbia as EU members with resolved regional disputes?

The Balkans in Limbo

The Ghosts of the Past

The Hour of Europe

European Ghetto Scenario

Balkan Stability Pact

Açıklama:

The hour of Europe” is the best case scenario. The disputes between Western Balkan states are resolved, economic growth is witnessed all over the region, Montenegro and Serbia are members of the European Union, while the remaining Balkan countries have made irreversible progress towards European integration.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 34

Which event marked the collapse of the Western Roman Empire?

The Great Schism of 1054

The defeat at Manzikert in 1071

The death of Theodosius I in 395

The deposition of Romulus Augustus in 476.

The rise of the Ottoman Empire in the 15th century

Açıklama:

The deposition of the last Roman emperor Romulus Augustus by the Germanic king Odoacer in 476 marked the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and the eastern half known as “the Byzantine Empire/Byzantium” continued to exist for almost a millennium.
The deposition of Romulus Augustus in 476.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 35

Which Balkan state declared independence during the First Balkan War in 1912?

Greece

Albania

Serbia

Bulgaria

Romania

Açıklama:

Albanians declared independence on November 28, 1912.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 36

According to Nation (2003), which statement best describes Bosnia-Herzegovina before the 1992 war?

It was ethnically homogeneous in most towns.

Most districts had a dominant community over 90%.

The rate of intermarriage was over 25% nationally.

Only rural areas had significant diversity.

No towns had mixed ethnic populations.

Açıklama:

Bosnia-Herzegovina, which is the most classic example of Balkan multiculturality
and interculturality, which originates from the fact that various ethnic groups often live together or close to each other, is defined by Nation as follows: “… once Bosnia-Herzegovina, where prior to the outbreak of war in 1992 only two towns could claim a “pure” ethnic composition with a single community representing more than 90 percent of the inhabitants, none of the twenty-five largest districts possessed a dominant community representing more than 50 percent of the population, and the rate of intermarriage among communities exceeded 25 percent (40 percent in urban areas)…”
The rate of intermarriage was over 25% nationally.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 37

Cultural diversity
Different political systems
Economic underdevelopment

Which of the above most strongly hindered regional cooperation in the Balkans compared to the Scandinavian region?

Only I

I and II

I and III

II and III

I, II and III

Açıklama:

Unlike the Scandinavian geography, the ethnic, religious, linguistic, and cultural diversity in the Balkans prevented the efforts for regional cooperation on the one hand, and led to the deepening of regional internal security concerns on the other hand.
Only I

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 38

Which culture, after adopting Christianity in 865, became the primary driving center of Slavic culture in the Balkans?

Serbian

Bulgarian

Greek

Romanian

Croatian

Açıklama:

After the adoption of Christianity by Bulgaria in 865, this nation turned into the primary driving focal point of Slavic culture.
Bulgarian

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 39

Which writing system was adopted by Orthodox Slavs after the Glagolitic alphabet?

Latin alphabet

Arabic script

Runic alphabet

Cyrillic alphabet

Greek alphabet

Açıklama:

During this period, with the creation of the Slavic alphabet called “Glagolitic”,
attempts were made to translate religious texts from Greek to Slavonic, and the later “Cyrillic alphabet” was adopted by Orthodox Slavs (Bulgarians, Serbs,
and Russians)

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 40

During which historical period was the devşirme system implemented extensively in the Balkans?

Greek period

Roman period

Byzantine epoch

Liberation epoch

Ottoman period

Açıklama:

Through the system of devşirme, involving the conscription of boys to serve as Ottoman Janissaries and palace staff, the Ottomans reinforced the process of Islamization in the region. For instance, under the influence of different factors, the majority the Bosnian population was Muslim by the 17th century.
Ottoman period

Doğru Cevap: E

Ünite 2

Soru 1

I. The existence of a nation is regarded as a priori.
II. The borders are meaningless and are obstacles to unity.
III. Identity that constitutes the structure of nations is important.
IV. There is no need for authority in a nation-state.
V. The past determines the future.
Which of the above is/are true about 'nationalism'?

Only I

Only IV

I-III and V

II-IV and V

I-II and III

Açıklama:

Statements I-III and V are true about 'nationalism'.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 2

I. Basing the nation construct on the ancient period
II. Explaining the land element forming the basis of the states with a past parallel to the nation construct
III. Claiming common culture, history, and even language that are yet to change
Which of the following concepts best explains the ideas above?

Anarchy

Ethnosymbolism

Realism

Revolution

Patriarchy

Açıklama:

Ethnosymbolism best explains the ideas given in the statements.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 3

I. Weakening of the Ottoman Empire in the 18th century.
II. The dissolution of the janissaries who were the guarantors of public order.
III. Economic power loss of the Greek merchant class who emerged in the 18th century.
IV. Political rise of Germany which led to the spread of nationalist views.
Which of the above is /are among the factors in the emergence of Greek nationalism?

Only I

Only III

I and III

II and IV

Statements I and II are among the factors in the emergence of Greek nationalism.

Açıklama:

Statements I and II are

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 4

Which of the following nations led the first wave of nationalist thoughts in the Balkans under the influence of the French Revolution?

Bulgarians

Greek

Slovaks

Albanians

Romanians

Açıklama:

The Greek led the first wave of nationalist thoughts in the Balkans under the influence of the French Revolution.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 5

Who is considered to be the first spiritual leader of Greek nationalism?

Rigas Feraios

Alexander Ypsilantis

Yuri Venelin

Georgi Sava Rakovski

Vassil Levski

Açıklama:

Rigas Feraios is considered to be the first spiritual leader of Greek nationalism.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 6

Which of the following historical figures is associated with Bulgarian nationalism?

Mihai Eminescu

Abdyl Frashëri

K. Kristoforidhi

Vassil Levski

Rigas Feraios

Açıklama:

Vassil Levski is a historical figure associated with Bulgarian nationalism.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 7

Which of the following secures that the Bulgarian state would have the “Greater Bulgaria” that would be the subject of their official history?

Treaty of Saint Germain

Treaty of Montreaux

Treaty of Paris

Treaty of San Stefano

Treaty of Sofia

Açıklama:

Treaty of San Stefano secures that the Bulgarian state would have the “Greater Bulgaria” that would be the subject of their official history.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 8

Which of the following is a figure in the Albanian nationalism movement by basing nationalist ideas on Albanian culture?

Naum Vegilharghi

Nikola Jivkov

Vassil Levski

Georgi Sava Rakovski

Mihai Eminescu

Açıklama:

Naum Vegilharghi is a figure in the Albanian nationalism movement by basing nationalist ideas on Albanian culture.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 9

Which of the following defines The United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia in the Ottoman Empire?

Adrianople

Balkan

Memleketeyn

Skanderbeg

Riben Bukvar

Açıklama:

Memleketeyn defines The United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia in the Ottoman Empire.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 10

I. He is a national poet.
II. He reflected the combination of Romanian history and people with folkloric themes.
III. He is an important figure in Romanian nationalism.
Which of the following historical figures is described above?

Partheni Zogravski

Mihai Eminescu

Franjo Tuđman

Slobodan Milošević

Miloš Obrenović

Açıklama:

Mihai Eminescu is a historical figure described in the question.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 11

Which of the following explains the general view of Primordialism?

The past determines the future

The past is used by the present

The past limits the present

The nation is not regarded a priori

Nationalism is a determinant in defining the identity that constitutes the structure of nations.

Açıklama:

According to Primordialism, one of the theories of nationalism, the past determines the future; the existence of a nation is regarded a priori, and it is argued that the nation gives birth to nationalism. The correct answer is A.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 12

Which of the following can be seen as a milestone in the emergence of Balkan nationalism?

The French Revolution

The American Civil War

The Bolshevik Revolution

The expansion of the Ottoman Empire

Conflicts in the Middle East

Açıklama:

It is understood that the French Revolution, regarded theoretically as a milestone for Balkan nationalism. The correct answer is A.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 13

Which of the following figure did not affect the nationalist thought in the Balkans?

Voltaire

Rousseau

Herder

Lessing

Socrates

Açıklama:

It is known that major figures of the Age of Enlightenment, such as Voltaire, Rousseau, Herder and Lessing, had great influence on the nationalist view embraced in the Balkan region in the 18th and 19th centuries. The correct answer is E.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 14

Which of the following was not one of the influences that affected nationalist movements in the Balkans?

The development of the local bourgeoisie

Church traditions

Russian Pan-slavism

The impact of the unification of Germany

The French Revolution

Açıklama:

Nationalist movements in the Balkans emerged as a result of the joint influence of the ideas spread by the French Revolution, Russian Pan-slavism, and the established language and church traditions resulting from the development of the local bourgeoisie. Correct answer is D.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 15

Which of the following was the reason of the relationship between Balkan nationalism and a “romantic populist-socialist” approach?

Minor priests and middle class peasants

Western powers

Rise of communism in the Balkans

Democracy and human rights

The impact of the French Revolution

Açıklama:

In the 19th century, minor priests and middle class peasants were the key elements of nationalist uprisings. This is why Balkan nationalism proceeded with a “romantic populist-socialist” approach. The correct answer is A.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 16

Which of the following cannot be shown as a reason of the rise of Greek nationalism in the 19th century?

The rebellion of Ali Pasha of Tepelena

The dissolution of the janissaries

The emergence of wealthy and entrepreneurial Greek merchants

British control on the island of Cyprus

The Greek youth who were sent to Western European universities

Açıklama:

All choices are related to the rise of Greek nationalism in the 19th century. British control on the island of Cyprus is not directly related to the rise of Greek nationalism. Correct answer is D.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 17

Who is considered to be the first leader of the Serbian revolt?

Black George

Yuri Venelin

Ludwig I

Ioannis Kapodistrias

Miloš Obrenović

Açıklama:

The Serbian revolt broke out under the leadership of Black George against the janissaries who seized the land of the Serbian peasants. Black George, a former Austrian officer, was able to transform the fight started by the peasants into a political movement. Correct answer is A.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 18

Which of the following nation was not mentioned when Pan-slavism was first introduced by the Slovak writer J. Henkel in 1826?

Slovenes

Bulgarians

Serbs

Montenegrins

Russians

Açıklama:

When Pan-slavism was first introduced by the Slovak writer J. Henkel in 1826, it included Slovenes, Bulgarians, Croats, Serbs and Montenegrins. Correct answer is E.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 19

Which country was the biggest supporter of Serbia’s independence?

Russian Empire

British Empire

German Empire

Austro-Hungarian Empire

Ottoman Empire

Açıklama:

The biggest supporter of Serbia’s independence was the Tsardom of Russia. In fact, Russia supported Serbs up until 1812. Correct answer is A.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 20

What is the name of the Christian Greek soldiers commissioned by the Ottomans in Greek settlements?

Armatoloi

Martolos

Haiduk

Klepht

Knez

Açıklama:

Armatoloi are the Christian Greek soldiers commissioned by the Ottomans in Greek settlements. Correct answer is A.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 21

The Ottoman administration allowed the establishment of the Bulgarian Church (Eksarhos) in 1870. Where was the Bulgarian St. Stephen Church built?

Sophia

Plovdiv

İstanbul

Athens

Belgrade

Açıklama:

Re read the section titled "Bulgarian Nationalism and Identity" of your book.
The Bulgarian St. Stephen Church was opened on the Fener coast in İstanbul.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 22

Through which country's support the Principality of Bulgaria gained autonomy by the Treaty of Berlin in 1878?

Germany

Russia

Greece

Serbia

Britain

Açıklama:

Re read the section titled "Bulgarian Nationalism and Identity" of your book.
When the Principality of Bulgaria gained autonomy by the Treaty of Berlin in 1878 with the influence of Russia.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 23

Which of the following country symbolizes itself as the "Balkan Lion"?

Greece

Serbia

Bulgaria

Albania

Yugoslavia

Açıklama:

Re read the section titled "Bulgarian Nationalism and Identity" of your book.
Home to the Balkan Mountains, Bulgaria was portrayed as the Balkan lion above other Balkan nations. In fact, the phrase “Balkan lion” symbolizing Bulgaria was first included in the first Bulgarian national anthem composed by Nikola Jivkov.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 24

Which of following Balkan state was able to create a common nation even though it had three different religions and two different dialects?

Serbia

Albania

Bulgaria

Macedonia

Romania

Açıklama:

Re read the section titled "Albanian Nationalism and Identity" of your book.
Even though they had three different religions and two different dialects, they could have a common Albanian nation.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 25

Which one of the following country is the first Muslim state to leave the Ottoman Empire with its own free will?

Macedonia

Bulgaria

Albenia

Serbia

Romania

Açıklama:

Re read the section titled "Albanian Nationalism and Identity" of your book.
Albania was the first Muslim state to leave the Ottoman Empire with its own free will.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 26

Which one of the following country was free in its internal affairs and exempt from the restrictions on non-Muslims under the Ottoman Empire?

Greece

Bulgaria

Albania

Macedonia

Romania

Açıklama:

Re read the section titled "Romanian Nationalism and Identity" of your book.
Romania was free in its internal affairs and exempt from the restrictions on non-Muslims.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 27

Who started the Romanian nationaslism movement?

Eugéne Ionesco

Mihai Eminescu

Fan Noli

Tudor Vladimirescu

Abdyl Frashëri

Açıklama:

Re read the section titled "Romanian Nationalism and Identity" of your book.
The most significant name in Romanian nationalism, the name that actually started the movement, is Tudor Vladimirescu.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 28

Select the country that was not part of Yugoslavia established after the First World War.

Kosovo

Slovenia

Croatia

Bosnia-Herzegovine

Serbia

Açıklama:

Re read the section titled "Serbian Nationalism and Identity" of your book.
When the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, which later became Yugoslavia, was established with Slovenia, BosniaHerzegovina, Croatia and with Serbia after the First World War,

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 29

Select the nation that stood in the way of achieving the "Greater Serbia"?

Bosnians

Montenegrins

Slovenes

Serbs

Croats

Açıklama:

Re read the section titled "Serbian Nationalism and Identity" of your book.
As the non-Serb group in the Habsburg Monarchy, Croats were the biggest obstacle in front of a “Greater Serbia.”

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 30

Fill in the blank:
.........began the annexation of Bosnia in 1878 and completed the process in 1908.

Russia

Austria-Hungary

Bulgaria

Greece

Serbia

Açıklama:

Re read the section titled "Bosniak Nationalism and Identity" of your book.
The Austro-Hungarian Empire began the annexation of Bosnia in 1878 and completed the process in 1908.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 31

Which factor most directly limited the formation of a unified "Ottoman high culture" before the 19th century?

Lack of trade routes connecting the Balkans to the Ottoman core

The millet system’s division of communities by religion and sect

The absence of a common Ottoman currency

Suppression of printing by the Ottoman state

Rivalry between Ottoman sultans and viziers

Açıklama:

While explaining Balkan nationalism, the first point of focus should be the “millet system” in the Ottoman Empire. However, it should be stated that the concept of nation in the Ottoman Empire has a much different meaning than today. The concept that can be described as “ummah” refers to a religious community. Even
though everyone speaks the same language, the Ottoman nations consist of closed communities based on different sects. There are also communities among those who are of the same sect, but speak different languages. This is why a shared Ottoman hochkultur (high culture) that involves written culture and science could not be established by the 19th century regarded as the century of
nationalism. Both the internal relations and relations with the Sublime Porte of every national group were handled by their own authorities (Ortaylı, 1985a: 996-997). Therefore, when we talk about Balkan nationalism, we encounter what is called “community nationalism”, a concept unlike its counterparts in Western
The millet system’s division of communities by religion and sect

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 32

What was the Megali Idea, introduced by Ioannis Kolettis, primarily aimed at?

Uniting all Orthodox Christians under Russian leadership

Restoring the Byzantine Empire with Constantinople as capital

Expanding Greece to include all historically Greek-inhabited areas

Creating a pan-Mediterranean federation of states

Converting all Balkan populations to Hellenism

Açıklama:

Despite the foundation of the Kingdom of Greece, the Greeks constituting less than one third of the entire population caused major tension. An attempt was made to solve this problem with the “Megali Idea”, first brought forward by Ioannis Kolettis and defended by radical Greek nationalists to this day. The Megali Idea soon influenced all Balkan nationalists, as Serbs, Romanians, Bulgarians and Albanians also revealed their own “megali” dreams dating back to ancient and medieval times.
Expanding Greece to include all historically Greek-inhabited areas

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 33

Which of the following was NOT a key factor in the rise of Greek nationalism in the late 18th and early 19th centuries?

Wealthy Greek merchant class sponsoring education

Greek youth studying in Western Europe

Russian claims to protect Orthodox Christians

The influence of Enlightenment thinkers

The Ottoman Empire’s adoption of the Greek language in administration

Açıklama:

It is understood that there were four basic factors in the emergence of Greek nationalism. The first one is the weakening of the Ottoman Empire in the 18th century; in land, military and economy. In particular, the military struggle between the Ottoman Empire and Russia between 1768 and 1774 caused
tremendous excitement in the Balkans. After this point, the Russians’ Pan-slavism policy and their claim of being the protectors of all Christian Orthodoxes improved the situation for Ottoman Orthodoxes, even if it was a slight improvement. The second reason is the dissolution of the janissaries who were the guarantors of public order. With the dissolution of the system, the notables who gained strength in the Balkans caused the rise of nationalist ideas in the region. The rebellion of Ali Pasha of Tepelena itself showed just how much the Sublime Porte was weakened against the notables. The resulting power vacuum paved the way for the small but influential Greek community to secure critical positions in the Ot
The Ottoman Empire’s adoption of the Greek language in administration

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 34

What was the Bulgarian Exarchate, established in 1870, primarily intended to do?

Replace the Ottoman sultan as Bulgaria’s ruler

Promote Russian Pan-Slavism in the Balkans

Merge Bulgarian and Serbian Orthodox churches

Provide Bulgarians with an autonomous national church

Establish Bulgarian as the sole language of the empire

Açıklama:

The purpose of establishing the Bulgarian Exarchate was to allow Bulgarians worship in the Bulgarian language and elect their own spiritual leaders. This way,
Bulgarians too had the advantage of a national church, a concept that became prevalent in the century of nationalism.
Provide Bulgarians with an autonomous national church

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 35

Which statement best reflects the Albanian nationalist slogan “The religion of Albanians is Albanianism”?

National identity was prioritized over religious identity

Albanians sought to unify under Islam despite Christian minorities

Religious divisions were used to strengthen regionalism

Catholicism became the official religion of Albania

Albanians rejected both religion and nationalism

Açıklama:

When Christians joined the cause for Albanian independence, the movement spread to a wider area. The movement was led by a young priest called Fan Noli. Noli believed that religious divisions were to blame for the division of Albanians. With his struggle, Orthodox Albanians left the Greek Orthodox Church to establish the Orthodox Church of Albania. The goal here was not to complain about religious divisions, but to oppose the use of religion by “non-national” hierarchies (Clayer, 2013: 383). Thus, the Christian and Muslim communities in Albania found the opportunity to advance together towards the same national goal. All of these laid the groundwork for sayings that are valid to this day, such as “an Albanian is, above Muslim, Orthodox or Catholic, an Albanian” and “the religion of Albanians is Albanianism”.
National identity was prioritized over religious identity

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 36

Which unique feature distinguished Romanian nationalism from other Balkan nationalisms?

Direct rule by the Ottoman sultan for centuries

Heavy reliance on the Latin cultural heritage

Early adoption of communism as a nationalist doctrine

Complete avoidance of church involvement in nation-building

Formation of a national army before gaining autonomy

Açıklama:

In the development of Romanian nationalism through language, we come across the “national” poet Mihai Eminescu. Known for his lyrical poetry, Eminescu reflected the combination of Romanian history and people with folkloric themes. Although politics is not the subject of his poetry, its central role in nation building is acknowledged to this day (Tappe, 1951: 50). Nevertheless, Romania appears
as a distinct example of Balkan nationalism. The fact of the matter is, Romanians do not identify themselves as Balkans. For example, in his report from Bucharest during the First World War, journalist John Reed said, “If you want to annoy a Romanian, just say that his country is a Balkan state” (Todorova, 2009: 46). To understand this phenomenon, one must dig into the Latin origins of Romanians, unlike Orthodox Slavic population of the Balkans.
Heavy reliance on the Latin cultural heritage

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 37

What was the primary role of Vuk Karadžić in Serbian nationalism?

Military leader of the First Serbian Uprising

Architect of Greater Serbia’s territorial expansion

Linguist who standardized the Serbian literary language

Founder of the Serbian Orthodox Church

Author of the Serbian national anthem

Açıklama:

Vuk Karadžić, who was born in Tršić in Ottoman Serbia, set a good example of this situation in the building of Serbian nationalism through language. A linguist,
ethnographer and lexicographer, Vuk established a Serbian literary language that Serbs consider to be the purest dialect of the Serbian language almost
all by himself instead of the old church Slavonic influenced by the Russians. Vuk believed that this way, differences of class and religion could be eliminated and a common Serbian identity could be built.
Linguist who standardized the Serbian literary language

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 38

Which of the following most accurately describes the concept of Pan-(Yugo)Slavism?

A cultural and political effort to unite South Slavs under a shared identity

A Russian-led movement to unite all Slavic Orthodox states

A military alliance between Balkan states during the Balkan Wars

A policy of replacing all Balkan languages with Serbo-Croatian

A Yugoslav communist propaganda term from the 20th century

Açıklama:

While peoples were establishing their own nation-states with the influence of the nationalism movement in Europe and the Balkans in the 19th century, the Slavs aimed to gather all Slavs under a single roof with the idea of Pan-slavism and preserve their freedom by protecting themselves against the invasion of non-slavic foreigners. When Pan-slavism was first introduced by the Slovak writer J. Henkel in 1826, it included Slovenes, Bulgarians, Croats, Serbs and Montenegrins. Accordingly, the foundations of the movement were laid in the Pan-slav congresses gathered in 1848 and 1867. While the congresses mostly
discussed Slavs’ problems, they also made decisions to found a Slavic magazine, academy and library and start work for religion, language and alphabet. The word “Yugoslavism” was introduced for the first time by Priest Josip Strossmayer at the Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts founded in 1867. The goal with
the word “Yugoslav” was to create a national identity for all Slavs
A cultural and political effort to unite South Slavs under a shared identity

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 39

What was Ilija Garašanin’s main contribution to Serbian nationalist policy in the 19th century?

Leading the Serbian army during the Balkan Wars

Establishing the first Serbian university

Negotiating Serbia’s independence in 1878

Organizing the Pan-Slav congress in 1848

Envisioning a Greater Serbia by drafting Načertanije

Açıklama:

In the 1840s, Serbian leaders launched their activities towards Serbian expansion. The most significant advocate of this idea was Ilija Garašanin, the Minister of Internal Affairs of Serbia and one of the major figures of the constitutional regime. In fact, Garašanin laid the foundations of the “Greater Serbia” policy adopted by conservative Serbians until 1941. Starting from Karadžić, Garašanin utilized a linguistic restriction (or inclusion) and assumed any piece of land with Serbian population within the borders of Serbia. The responsibility of “liberation and unity” for all Serbs within “Greater Serbia”
became the main goal of the state. Garašanin cited this idea in his work Načertanije written in 1844.
Envisioning a Greater Serbia

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 40

What was the Albanians’ first step after realizing they were surrounded by Greek and Slavic territories?

They declared full independence from the Ottoman Empire.

They adopted Greek as the official language

They sought Russian military support

They established the League of Prizren

They merged with Montenegro

Açıklama:

Another interesting point in Albanian nationalism is that Albanian intellectuals embraced being Ottomans as much as being Albanians. The great services of Albanian-born Sami Frashëri for Turkish language and literature are among the best examples of this situation. When the Albanians realized that they were surrounded by the Greek and Slavic Sea in the Treaty of San Stefano and
Congress of Berlin, they started the independence movement by establishing the “League of Prizren.”
They established the League of Prizren

Doğru Cevap: D

Ünite 3

Soru 1

Which of the following became a principality under the rule of the Ottoman Empire after the Russo-Turkish war?

Montenegro

Serbia

Romania

Bulgaria

Bosnia-Herzegovina

Açıklama:

After the Russo-Turkish war, Montenegro, Serbia, and Romania became independent states. Bulgaria became a Principality under the rule of the Ottoman Empire, Bosnia-Herzegovina was only legally bound to the Empire but occupied and ruled by Austria-Hungary.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 2

What was the ultimate goal of the organization called “Unification or Death”?

unite all Serbs under a single nation administration

join forces with allies against the Ottoman Empire

increase the influence of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in the region

create an independent state

perform terrorist attacks in Macedonia

Açıklama:

Many organizations were established to operate in the Kosovo province, which was called “Former Serbia” and Macedonia. In 1911, these organizations were united under a single organization under the name of “Unification or Death” also known as “Black Hand”. Although the goal of this organization was designated to reduce the influence of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Ottoman Empire in the region through intelligence activities against these powers, its ultimate goal was to unite all Serbs under a single nation administration.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 3

Which of the following declared war first that started the First Balkan War?

Serbia

Montenegro

Bulgaria

Greece

Macedonia

Açıklama:

Montenegro declared war on the Ottoman Empire on October 8, 1912, Bulgaria and Serbia declared war on the Ottoman Empire on October 17, 1912, and Greece on October 19, 1912.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 4

Which of the following is among the reasons of the Second Balkan War?

Bulgaria gained the little land from the First Balkan War.

The continuing influence of the Ottoman Empire on the Balkans.

Tsardom of Russia channeled Serbia and Romania to form an alliance against Macedonia.

Romania demanded the whole Balkan area.

Serbs caused problems during the partitioning of Albania and Macedonia.

Açıklama:

The following led to the Balkan Wars:
The fact that Bulgaria gained the most significant portion of land from the First Balkan War,
The fact that Serbs caused problems during the partitioning of Albania and Macedonia,
The withdrawal of the Ottoman Empire from the Balkans and the formation of a multi-directional power vacuum in the region,
The fact that despite not participating in the war, Romania demanded that Silistra and South Dobruja between the Danube River and Balchik Harbor be left to it,
The fact that the Tsardom of Russia channeled Serbia and Romania to form an alliance against Bulgaria through France.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 5

When was the Treaty of Istanbul signed?

August 9, 1913

September 30, 1913

November 10, 1913

February 28, 1914

March 7, 1914

Açıklama:

The Treaty of Istanbul was signed on November 10, 1913.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 6

Which of the following was the absolute loser of the Balkan Wars?

Greeks

Serbs

Italians

Ottomans

Bulgarians

Açıklama:

Since the Ottoman Empire lost all its lands in Europe except Eastern Thrace, it became the absolute loser of the war.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 7

Which Balkan state entered the First World War the latest?

Bulgaria

Serbia

Greece

Macedonia

Romania

Açıklama:

Greece was the Balkan state that entered the war the latest.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 8

Which of the following was the most profitable state of the First World War in the Balkans?

Serbia

Greece

Macedonia

Ottoman Empire

Romania

Açıklama:

The most profitable state of the First World War in the Balkans was Romania.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 9

Which Greek leader gave himself the title “Archigos” meaning “leader”?

Metaxas

Venizelos

King Georgios II

Demertzis

Mussolini

Açıklama:

Metaxas, who censored the press, did not lag behind its peers in Europe and gave himself the title of “Archigos”, which means “leader”.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 10

The Cordial Agreement Pact was concluded between _______ and _______ .

Bulgaria - Romania

Turkey - Greece

Yugoslavia - Serbia

Austria- Albenia

Hungary - Russia

Açıklama:

The Cordial Agreement Pact, which concluded between Turkey and Greece on September 14, 1933.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 11

Which countries replaced the power of Ottomans in the Balkans at the beginning of the 20 th century?

The Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Russian Empire

The Austro-Hungarian Empire and the German Empire

The British Empire and the Russian Empire

Greece and the Russian Empire

The German Empire and France

Açıklama:

The Ottoman Empire, which controlled the region for nearly 500 years, ceased to be the dominant political actor; instead, the increasing influence of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Russian Empire on the region at the beginning of the century attracted the attention. Correct answer is A.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 12

Which Balkan country was keeping the Dardanelles Strait’s exit under control in order to block the Ottoman fleet from dispatching ships to the Aegean and Adriatic coasts during the Balkan War?

Bulgaria

Greece

Serbia

Montenegro

Romania

Açıklama:

The Greek navy, while keeping the Dardanelles Strait’s exit under control in order to block the Ottoman fleet from dispatching ships to the Aegean and Adriatic coasts, on the other hand, was in an effort to prevent the Turks from reinforcing their troops in Europe. Correct answer is B.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 13

Which country declared war on the Ottoman Empire the first during the First Balkan War?

Montenegro

Bulgaria

Serbia

Greece

Bosnia

Açıklama:

Montenegro declared war on the Ottoman Empire on October 8, 1912 and it was the first country in the Balkans. Correct answer is A.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 14

As a result of which treaty Edirne and Kırklareli were given to Bulgaria, the Sofia administration expanded to the south and seized Turkish cities such as Kardzhali and Komotini and reached the Aegean Sea?

Treaty of London

Treaty of Berlin

Treaty of Bucharest

Treaty of Athens

Treaty of Rome

Açıklama:

With the Treaty of London signed at the end of the conference:
All Ottoman lands to the west of “the Midye-Enez line” were left to the Balkan states. While Edirne and Kırklareli were given to Bulgaria, the Sofia administration expanded to the south and seized Turkish cities such as Kardzhali and Komotini and reached the Aegean Sea. Correct answer is A.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 15

What is the name of the first Turkish republic in the history?

Republic of Turkey

Republic of Azerbaijan

Republic of Western Thrace

Republic of Macedonia

Republic of Cyprus

Açıklama:

The first Turkish Republic in history was founded in Western Thrace before the region was left to the Bulgarians. Correct answer is C.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 16

What was the biggest benefit of Second Balkan War for Greece?

Thessaloniki and Crete became part of Greece

Greece annexed Southern Dobruja

Minority rights were acknowledged for Turks in Greece

The Serbia-Greece border was determined

Imroz was given to Greece

Açıklama:

At the end of Second Balkan War, Thessaloniki and Crete were given to Greece. Correct answer is A.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 17

By declaring war against which country, Austria-Hungarian Empire started World War I?

Bulgaria

Serbia

Germany

Bosnia

Ottoman Empire

Açıklama:

The Austro-Hungarian Empire declared war on Serbia on July 28, 1914, and started the First World War. Correct answer is B.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 18

Which of the following event is shown as the Ottoman's entrance in the World War I?

Austria-Hungarians' fight against Serbia

Ottomans' rejection of paying its debt

Occupation of Izmir by the Greek Army

Ottoman's failure in the Balkan War

Two German warships bombing the Black Sea coast of Russia

Açıklama:

Signing a secret alliance with Germany on August 2, 1914, the Ottoman State declared war on the Entente States on November 11, 1914, after two German warships (Goeben and Breslau) bombed the Black Sea coast of the Tsardom of Russia. After the Ottoman Empire went to the war, the corridor among Triple Entente ended. Correct answer is E.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 19

Which Greek politician's leadership was likened to Mussolini?

Tsar Boris

Konstantinos Demertzis

Ioannis Metaxas

King Georgios II

Eleftherios Venizelos

Açıklama:

Metaxas established a police regime in the country, whose fascistic tendencies were apparent. Metaxas, who started practices similar to Mussolini in Italy, did not only dissolve the parliament; he closed political parties and trade unions and banned strikes for workers. Correct answer is C.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 20

After signing which treaty in 1947, Greece took Dodecanese islands from Italy and added it to its territory?

Treaty of Bucharest

Treaty of Berlin

Versailles

Neuilly

Paris Peace Treaty

Açıklama:

It should be noted that with the 1947 Paris Peace Treaty signed after the WWII, Greece took Dodecanese (islands) from Italy and added it to its territory. Correct answer is E.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 21

Which of the following countries did become independed with the Treaty of Berlin signed in 1878?

Greece, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria

Serbia, Romania, Montenegro

Yugoslavia, North Macedonia, Slovakia

Albania, Kosovo, Croatia

Hungary, Slovenia, Macedonia

Açıklama:

Re-read "INTRODUCTION" section of your book.
With the Treaty of Berlin on July 13, 1878, which was signed after that war, Montenegro, Serbia, and Romania became independent states.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 22

Which of the following statement is not true when considering the aim of the Serbs before the Balkan Wars?

To re-establish the Kingdom of Serbia

To help Macedonia gain territorial independence

To reach the Aegean Sea

To unite all Serbs under a single nation administration

To have an allience relationship with Bulgaria against Austro-Hungarian Empire

Açıklama:

Re-read "The Situation of the Parties before the Balkan Wars" section of your book.
After Austria-Hungary captured Bosnia, Macedonian lands became the sole remedy for Serbia in order to reach the Aegean Sea. At this point, Serbia entered into an alliance relationship with Bulgaria for Macedonian lands against the irredentist policies of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in the region with the support of the Tsardom of Russia.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 23

Which of the following country declared its independence during the First Balkan War?

Bulgaria

Greece

Albania

Serbia

Montenegro

Açıklama:

Re-read "The First Balkan War and the London Treaty" section of your book.
Albanians, who were in revolt even before the war, did not anticipate that the Ottoman troops could be defeated that quickly. The fact that the expansion tendencies of Greece and Serbia were towards Albanian territory accelerated the independence process of Albanians, and Albania declared its independence on November 28, 1912.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 24

Which of the following was the first state to leave the First World War?

Albania

Bulgaria

Macedonia

Romania

Serbia

Açıklama:

Re-read "The Entry of the Balkan States into the War and the First World War’s Reflections in the Region" section of your book.
Romania was the first state to leave the First World War.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 25

Which of the following country was the most profitable state of the First World War in the Balkans ?

Greece

Bulgaria

Serbia

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Romania

Açıklama:

Re-read "The Ending of the War in the Balkans" section of your book
The most profitable state of the First World War in the Balkans was Romania. Bucharest management, which took Ardeal, Bessarabia, and Bukovina with the Treaty of Trianon, gained a part of the Banat region.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 26

Which of the following country was not part of the Balkan Entente (Pact) signed on February 9, 1934?

Turkey

Greece

Bulgaria

Romania

Yugoslavia

Açıklama:

Re-read "Balkan Entente (Pact) (February 9, 1934)" section of your book.
Due to the common purpose of the treaties, Turkey, Romania, Greece, and Yugoslavia wanted to congregate these treaties into a single text. Thus, the Balkan Entente was signed on February 9, 1934.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 27

When did the Second World War begin?

1924

1928

1935

1939

1941

Açıklama:

Re-read "BALKANS IN THE SECOND WORLD WAR" section of your book.
The Second World War, started on September 1, 1939.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 28

When did the Second Wold War end?

1938

1942

1945

1948

1949

Açıklama:

Re-read "The War Period (1939-1945)" section of your book.
The Second Wold War ended in 1945.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 29

Fill in the blanks;
Albania, was occupied by both ....... and ...... during the Second World War.

Romania, Austria

İtaly, France

Russia, Bulgaria

Britain, United States

Germany, İtaly

Açıklama:

Re-read "Post-War Period" section of your book.
Albania, was occupied by both İtaly and Germany during the Second World War.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 30

Which of the following was the first country that declared war on the Ottoman Empire started the First Balkan War?

Bulgaria

Montenegro

Albania

Serbia

Greece

Açıklama:

Re-read "The First Balkan War and the London Treaty" section of your book.
Montenegro was the first country that declared war on the Ottoman Empire started the First Balkan War

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 31

Which state annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1908, harming Serbia’s interests?

Russia

Ottoman Empire

Austria-Hungary

Bulgaria

Greece

Açıklama:

The annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina by the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1908 was a development to the detriment of Serbia.
Austria-Hungary

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 32

What was the main aim of the 1912 treaty between Serbia and Bulgaria?

To divide Macedonia peacefully

To form the Balkan Alliance against the Ottoman Empire

To prevent Russian expansion in the Balkans

To gain naval dominance in the Aegean Sea

To establish the Black Hand organization

Açıklama:

The Balkan states, which started negotiations with the active diplomatic initiatives of the Tsardom of Russia, overleapt the Tsardom after a while and
started to make war treaties among themselves against the Ottoman Empire. The most influential state in this process was Bulgaria. In March 1912, a treaty was signed between Serbia and Bulgaria. This treaty formed the basis of the Balkan Alliance.
To form the Balkan Alliance against the Ottoman Empire

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 33

According to the Treaty of London (1913), which country received Edirne and Kırklareli?

Bulgaria

Greece

Serbia

Romania

Montenegro

Açıklama:

With the Treaty of London signed at the end of the conference:
• All Ottoman lands to the west of “theMidye-Enez line” were left to the Balkan
states.
• While Edirne and Kırklareli were given to Bulgaria, the Sofia administration expanded to the south and seized Turkish cities such as Kardzhali and Komotini and reached the Aegean Sea.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 34

The territorial dispute that caused the Second Balkan War focused mainly on which region?

Epirus

Thrace

Crete

Macedonia

Kosovo

Açıklama:

Although the Albanian issue was resolved by an agreement, the problem of partitioning Macedonia between Serbia, Bulgaria, and Greece could not be resolved peacefully,

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 35

Which Balkan state joined the First World War the latest?

Romania

Greece

Serbia

Montenegro

Bulgaria

Açıklama:

On the other hand, as the Balkan state that entered the war at the latest, Greece expanded its territory by just taking part in the side of the Entente Powers.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 36

What was the main characteristic of the “4th of August Regime” established by Metaxas in Greece?

A liberal democratic government

A communist single-party system

A fascist-oriented dictatorship

A coalition of monarchists and republicans

A military-led socialist state

Açıklama:

The date of August 4, 1936, when King Georgios II accepted the dictatorship of Metaxas, was mentioned in the political literature as the “4th of August Regime”. Metaxas established a police regime in the country, whose fascistic tendencies
were apparent. Metaxas, who started practices similar to Mussolini in Italy, did not only dissolve the parliament; he closed political parties and trade unions and banned strikes for workers.
A fascist-oriented dictatorship

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 37

Which four countries signed the Balkan Entente on 9 February 1934?

Turkey, Romania, Greece, Yugoslavia

Turkey, Bulgaria, Greece, Albania

Greece, Serbia, Romania, Albania

Turkey, Romania, Bulgaria, Greece

Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Greece, Albania

Açıklama:

Turkey’s initiatives in the region respectively continued in October and November with the treaties signed with Romania and Yugoslavia. Turkey was the central actor in the signing of the mentioned treaties, which came to the agenda within the context of common threat perception. Due to the common purpose of the treaties in question, Turkey, Romania, Greece, and Yugoslavia wanted to congregate these treaties into a single text. Thus, the Balkan Entente was signed on February 9, 1934.
Turkey, Romania, Greece, Yugoslavia

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 38

What was the main reason for Germany’s invasion of both Yugoslavia and Greece in April 1941?

To secure access to the Suez Canal

To retaliate against Italy’s defeat in North Africa

To punish them for joining the Allies early in the war

To capture oil fields in Romania

To stabilize the Balkans before attacking the Soviet Union

Açıklama:

While there was an administrative crisis in Yugoslavia partially, Dušan Simović, the air force general (also the chief of general staff) in Yugoslavia, made a coup in the country and developed an intimacy with Soviet Russia. Thereupon, Hitler invaded both Yugoslavia and Greece in April. (Armaoğlu, 2007: 376-377). Thus, Turkey remained the only country in the Balkans that was not invaded by the Axis Powers. Much as Germany, which arrived at the Turkish border, offered Western Thrace and the Aegean islands to Turkey in order to transmit its troops
and equipment to Iraq, was rejected (Aydemir, 2011: 184). On June 18, 1941, the Nonaggression Pact was signed between Germany, which did not want to delay its military campaign on Soviet Russia, and Turkey, which secured its
western borders. Therefore, Germany became Turkey’s interlocutor as a result of the new conjuncture in the Balkans.
To stabilize the Balkans before attacking the Soviet Union

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 39

Romania
Albania
Bulgaria

Which of the countries above fell under Soviet influence after World War II?

Only I

I and II

I and III

II and III

I, II and III

Açıklama:

The Balkans were affected directly from the general atmosphere in Europe during the Second World War. Whereas the Balkan Entente was not effective in preventing the war in the region, Bulgaria became the main supporter of Germany. During the war, the Balkans were invaded by Germany and the pro-
German dictatorships were established. However, the regional conjuncture changed radically after the fall of Germany. Whereas Soviet Russia occupied Romania and Bulgaria, it supported the socialist movements
in Yugoslavia.
I and III

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 40

Which country gained the most territory after the Balkan Wars?

Greece

Romania

Serbia

Bulgaria

Montenegro

Açıklama:

Serbia came out of the the Balkan Wars as the most lucrative state in terms of land gain.

Doğru Cevap: C

Ünite 4

Soru 1

I. Romania
II. Bulgaria
III. Albania
IV. Serbia
Which of the above was shaped by Soviet values in terms of the political, economic and social structures?

I and II

I, II and III

II and IV

I, II and IV

Only III

Açıklama:

The Cold War separated the pro-Western states in the region from the other regional states and Soviet values shaped the political, economic and social structures of Romania, Bulgaria and Albania.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 2

In between which years did the Cold War take place?

1947 to 1991

1948 to 1960

1950 to 1993

1952 to 1970

1955 to 1969

Açıklama:

The Cold War is the name given to the period of political, economic, scientific and technological conflict that emerged between the USA-led Western Bloc and the Soviet Union-led Eastern Bloc and lasted from 1947 to 1991.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 3

Which of the following countries did take part in the Non-Aligned Movement during the Cold War?

Serbia

Bulgaria

China

Albania

Romania

Açıklama:

Countries such as China and Yugoslavia, which were previously considered in the eastern bloc, took part in the Non-Aligned Movement due to their differences of opinion with the Soviet Union.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 4

What was the aim of the Marshall Plan?

To provide military support

To provide economic aid

To prevent the spread of the USSR in the Middle East

To surround the USSR by the USA

To provide political support

Açıklama:

Within the scope of the USA’s containment policy of the USSR, it provided economic aid with Marshall Plan and military and political support with NATO in 1949. The USA performed a containment policy in order to prevent the spread of the USSR in the Middle East, and the Baghdad Pact was established in 1955. Besides this, in 1953, the Balkan Pact was established to surround the USSR by the USA in the Balkans that was a specific struggle area between two dominant powers. The USSR, on the other hand, established the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA / COMECON) in 1949 in order to provide financial support to Eastern European countries in response to the USA’s policy of containment policy itself, and then in 1955 the Warsaw Pact was established to provide military support. The foundation of the Warsaw Pact was seen as a reaction to the Federal Republic of Germany’s membership to NATO (Baylis, Smith and Owens, 2008, 100).

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 5

Which of the following events did cause the Second Cold War?

The USSR launched Sputnik into space.

The U-2 spy plane incident.

The Cuban missile crisis.

The USA sent Apollo11 to the moon.

The occupation of Afghanistan by the USSR.

Açıklama:

The Second Cold War started with the occupation of Afghanistan by the USSR and the Iranian Revolution.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 6

When was NATO founded?

1940

1942

1945

1947

1949

Açıklama:

The NATO was formed in 1949.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 7

Which of the following countries did participate in the Warsaw Pact?

Serbia

Greece

Hungary

Turkey

Yugoslavia

Açıklama:

The Warsaw Pact was established among the USSR, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Bulgaria, Romania, Albania and East Germany.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 8

Who was appointed General Secretary of the Communist Party of Romania after Dej’s death in 1965?

Tito

Stalin

Ceausescu

Enver Hoxha

Dimitrov

Açıklama:

Following Dej’s death in 1965, Nicolae Ceausescu was appointed General Secretary of the Communist Party of Romania.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 9

When was Bulgaria occuppied by the USSR?

1937

1940

1944

1946

1950

Açıklama:

Bulgaria was occupied by the USSR in 1944.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 10

Which of the following countries is not among the six republics that make up the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia?

Croatia

Kosovo

Macedonia

Montenegro

Slovenia

Açıklama:

Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY): the six republics that make up the SFRY are Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia; the two autonomous regions are Kosovo and Vojvodina.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 11

Which of the following was not the one of the republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY)?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Croatia

Montenegro

Macedonia

Kosovo

Açıklama:

Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY): the six republics that make up the SFRY are Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia; the two autonomous regions are Kosovo and Vojvodina.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 12

When Yugoslavia was expelled from the Communist Information Bureau (Cominform)?

in 1948

In 1945

In 1951

In 1963

In 1979

Açıklama:

Yugoslavia was expelled from the Communist Information Bureau (Cominform) in 1948, managed to create a distinctive model.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 13

The Non-Aligned Movement had grown quickly and had reached its peak during the détente period between 1970 and 1980. 86 member countries attended the ........................... Conference of the Non-Aligned States in August 1976.
Which one of the following is the best fit for the blank in the above sentence?

Colombo Summit

Belgrade Summit

Bandung Summit

Prague Summit

Moscow Summit

Açıklama:

The Non-Aligned Movement had grown quickly and become an undeniable balancing force to superpower politics and had reached its peak during the détente period between 1970-1980. 86 member countries attended the Colombo
Summit Conference of the Non-Aligned States in August 1976.
The Non-Aligned Movement had grown quickly and become an undeniable balancing force to superpower politics and had reached its peak during the détente period between 1970-1980. 86 member countries attended the Colombo Summit Conference of the Non-Aligned States in August 1976.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 14

The ................. gave the Soviet Union the so-called right to use any means of force necessary in a socialist world in a case where the socialist order and socialist way of life were threatened. It was a clear message to other countries on the concept of sovereignty in the socialist world.
Which of the following is the best fit for the blank in the above sentence?

Gorbachev Doctrine

Truman Doctrine

Brezhnev Doctrine

Transformation of Russian Military Doctrine

Sinetra Doctrin

Açıklama:

The Brezhnev Doctrine gave Soviet Union the so-called right to use any means of force necessary in socialist world in a case where the socialist order and socialist way of life threatened. It was a clear message to other countries on the concept of sovereignty in the socialist world. Socialist countries should be free to determine their own paths, but they have a limited sovereignty and their actions
should not be against socialism in their country and interests of other socialist countries since it was their international duty to serve and protect the basic principles of socialism against capitalism.
The Brezhnev Doctrine gave Soviet Union the so-called right to use any means of force necessary in socialist world in a case where the socialist order and socialist way of life threatened. It was a clear message to other countries on the concept of sovereignty in the socialist world. Socialist countries should be free to determine their own paths, but they have a limited sovereignty and their actions should not be against socialism in their country and interests of other socialist countries since it was their international duty to serve and protect the basic principles of socialism against capitalism.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 15

When Romania was granted most favoured nation status by the United States of America?

in 1969

in 1975

in 1979

in 1990

in 1999

Açıklama:

Romania’s approach in the 1970s by increasing trade with the West brought Romania GATT membership in 1971 and IMF membership in 1972, and Romania was granted most favoured nation status by the USA in 1975.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 16

................. was the agreement signed in 1944 between British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and the Secretary-General of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Josef Stalin, to determine the spheres of influence in Southeast Europe. It is also known as the Churchill-Stalin Consensus of Proportions.
Which of the following is the best fit for the blank in the above sentence?

Locarno Agreement

Jetco Agreement

Balkan Agreement

Percentages Agreement

Dayton Agreement

Açıklama:

The issue that determined the fate of Romania, which became one of the satellites of the USSR after the Second World War, was the Percentages Agreement signed between the British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and the
Secretary General of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Joseph Stalin, on 9-20th of October 1944. According to the agreement, Romania was left under the influence of 90% of the USSR and 10% of the Western Allies (Resis, 1978, 368). This was how the process that would affect Romania’s situation in the Cold War period started.
The issue that determined the fate of Romania, which became one of the satellites of the USSR after the Second World War, was the Percentages Agreement signed between the British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and the Secretary General of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Joseph Stalin, on 9-20th of October 1944. According to the agreement, Romania was left under the influence of 90% of the USSR and 10% of the Western Allies (Resis, 1978, 368). This was how the process that would affect Romania’s situation in the Cold War period started.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 17

When was the Warsaw Pact issued?

1949

1955

1948

1951

1960

Açıklama:

The Warsaw Pact was established among the USSR, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Bulgaria, Romania, Albania and East Germany as a result of the acceptance of West Germany to NATO in 1955.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 18

Which of the following country is not the founder member of the Warsaw Pact?

Hungary

Czechoslovakia

Romania

Albania

Latvia

Açıklama:

The Warsaw Pact was established among the USSR, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Bulgaria, Romania, Albania and East Germany as a result of the acceptance of West Germany to NATO in 1955.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 19

When did Greece become a member of NATO?

in 1952

in 1949

in 1974

in 1981

in 1986

Açıklama:

Greece, along with Turkey, in 1952, became a member of NATO. The aim of Greece’s joining NATO was, to ensure its position on the West side as well as to secure its borders.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 20

When was The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) military alliance formed?

in 1949

in 1951

in 1948

in 1955

in 1968

Açıklama:

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is a military alliance that was
formed in 1949 to contain and counter the Soviet threat.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 21

When was the Truman Doctrine declared?

1946

1947

1948

1949

1950

Açıklama:

The declaration of the Truman Doctrine was in 1947.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 22

Which country's membership in NATO was seen as a reaction to the foundation of the Warsaw Pact?

Turkey

The Federal Republic of Germany

Romania

Poland

Brasil

Açıklama:

The foundation of the Warsaw Pact was seen as a reaction to the Federal Republic of Germany’s membership to NATO.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 23

When was the Marshall Plan proposed?

1940

1942

1945

1947

1951

Açıklama:

Following the Second World War, the Marshall Plan was designed by the USA to aid Europe’s post-war reconstruction and to provide stability in Europe. It was proposed in June 1947 by George C. Marshall, U.S. Secretary of State in the Truman administration.
The Marshall Plan was proposed in 1947.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 24

Which of the following was a sign of the global containment of communism?

Arab Spring

Truman Doctrine

Warsaw Pact

Berlin Wall

Balkan Pact

Açıklama:

Truman Doctrine is based on a policy statement in which U.S. President Harry S.
Truman called for the global containment of communism in March 1947.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 25

What is the date of the Cuban missile crisis?

1948

1956

1962

1977

1980

Açıklama:

Cuban missile crisis was in 1962.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 26

When was the Romanian People’s Republic turned into the Socialist Republic of Romania?

1961

1962

1963

1964

1965

Açıklama:

The Romanian People’s Republic become to the Socialist Republic of Romania in 1965.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 27

Which countries were the members of The Warsaw Pact?

USSR, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Bulgaria, Albania and East Germany.

Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Bulgaria, Romania, Albania and East Germany.

USSR, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Bulgaria, Romania, Albania and East Germany.

USSR, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Bulgaria, Romania, Albania and East
Germany.

USSR, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Bulgaria, Romania, Sweden and East
Germany.

Açıklama:

USSR, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Bulgaria, Romania, Albania and East
Germany.
The Warsaw pact was established by USSR, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Bulgaria, Romania, Albania and East Germany.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 28

When did USSR occupy Bulgaria?

1940

1941

1942

1943

1944

Açıklama:

The occupation of Bulgaria by the USSR was in 1944.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 29

Which of the following did give the Soviet Union the right to use any means of force in the socialist world in the case of the socialist order was threatened?

The Truman Doctrine

The Prague Spring

The Brezhnev Doctrine

The Warsaw Pact

The Shengen Agreement

Açıklama:

The Brezhnev Doctrine gave Soviet Union the so-called right to use any means of force necessary in socialist world in a case where the socialist order and socialist way of life threatened.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 30

Which of the followings is one of the six republics that make up the SFRY?

Bulgaria

Croatia

Greece

Poland

Slovakia

Açıklama:

Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia,
Slovenia, Kosovo and Vojvodina.
The six republics that make up the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia are Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia; the two autonomous regions are Kosovo and Vojvodina.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 31

Which of the following was designed by the USA in order to aid Europe’s post-war reconstruction and to provide stability in Europe?

Truman doctrine

Johnson's letter

Marshall plan

NATO

Açıklama:

Following the Second World War, the Marshall Plan was designed by the USA to aid Europe’s post-war reconstruction and to provide stability in Europe. The correct answer is C.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 32

Which of the following dualities would explain the duality of the bipolar world during the cold war period?

NATO vs EU

NATO vs Warsaw Pact

USSR vs EU

Turkey vs Greece

USSR vs UN

Açıklama:

The Western Bloc is a cooperation and / or alliance structure formed against communism, especially the USSR and the Warsaw Pact, during the Cold War. When the countries in the region are examined, members of NATO should definitely be mentioned in this bloc. The correct answer is B.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 33

Which of the following is not one of the member states of NATO?

Sweden

Greece

Norway

Germany

Holland

Açıklama:

The USA, Canada and most Western European countries are NATO members. On the other
hand, Sweden, Ireland and Switzerland remained neutral. Sweden is still not a NATO member. The correct answer is A.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 34

Which of the following events below did strengthen Turkey's membership in NATO?

Truman doctrine

Johnson's letter

Marshall plan

The Korean war

Germany's defeat in WWII

Açıklama:

Turkey, by facing, due to the USSR’s changing policies (especially the Straits subject) in the Second World War, had attempted to join NATO, sent troops to Korea and had sought to strengthen its special relationship with the USA in the West. The correct answer is D.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 35

Why did the Karamanlis administration leave NATO’s military wing in 1974?

USA's inefficiency in the Cyprus issue

EU's insufficient economic help

Turkey's good relations with Germany

USA's inactive role in the Balkans

Russian pressure

Açıklama:

The Karamanlis administration left NATO’s military wing in 1974 to protest the USA's inefficiency on Cyprus and was re-accepted six years later (Kalaitzaki, 2005, 116-118). The correct answer is A.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 36

Which of the following country did never become a member of the Warsaw Pact?

Poland

USSR

Finland

Hungary

Czechoslovakia

Açıklama:

The Warsaw Pact was established among the USSR, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Bulgaria, Romania, Albania and East Germany as a result of the acceptance of West Germany to NATO in 1955 (Mountain, 2018, 194). The correct answer is C.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 37

Which Balkan country had a special cooperation with China during the Cold War period?

Serbia

Albania

Croatia

Bulgaria

Turkey

Açıklama:

Albania, which experienced ruptures with Yugoslavia in 1948 and with the USSR in 1968, had established cooperation with China for ten years since 1968 and implemented policies that radically affected (shaped, changed) social life (Töpfer, 2019, 90). The correct answer is B.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 38

What was one of the main aims of the Plan of Stoica?

Ending WWII and bringing peace to Europe

Developing Romanian economy

Solving the problems about the Cyprus issue

Rehabilitating Romanian-German relations

Preventing Turkey and Greece becoming a NATO member

Açıklama:

The Balkan Pact in 1934, did not fall through for Romania. Therefore, Chivu Stoica tried to
recreate the vision of the pact with the Plan of Stoica in 1956. The main aim of the Plan was to create a Balkanique Pact with inclusion of states like, Greece, Turkey, Albania and Yugoslavia but also to prevent them from becoming a part of the Atlantic alliance with support from the USSR. The correct answer is E.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 39

Which action of Ceausescu was considered as an extension of his efforts to place national communism in Romania?

His good relations with the US

His attitude towards Hungarians in Transylvania

His weak relations with neigbouring countries

His reform in agriculture

Romania's will to be an industralised country

Açıklama:

Ceausescu’s attitude towards minorities within the country and Hungarians in Transylvania, his
attempt to bring national values to the forefront, have been considered as an extension of his efforts to place national communism in the country (Korkut, 2006, 146). The correct answer is B.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 40

Which of the following cannot be considered as a rule to become a member of the Non-Aligned Movement?

Adopting a foreign policy based on coexistence and non-alignment

Supporting national independence movements around the world

Not be the part of any multilateral military alliances

Not to provide any military bases concerning the conflict between two power blocs

Supporting NATO and Warsaw Pact members at the same time

Açıklama:

The First Non-Aligned Movement Summit was organised in Belgrade in 1961. Belgrade Summit
was cosponsored by President of Egypt Gamal Abdel Nasser and President of Yugoslavia Josip
Tito and formulated basic principles for countries to become a member of the movement. According to the Summit, countries that seek for membership:
-should adopt a foreign policy based on coexistence and non-alignment;
-should support national independence movements around the world;
-should not be the part of any multilateral military alliances;
-should not provide any military bases concerning the conflict between two power blocs.
The correct answer is E.

Doğru Cevap: E

Ünite 5

Soru 1

Which of the following was not part of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) before its breakup?

Serbia and Montenegro

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Croatia

Slovenia

Moldova

Açıklama:

Correct answer is E

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 2

Which of the following cannot be listed as a reason for the dissolution of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia?

Structural

Economical

Geographical

Political

Inter-Ethnical

Açıklama:

To take a look to the title of Reasons of Dissolution: Structural,
Economical, Political and InterEthnical
The reasons for the dissolution of Yugoslavia have been classified differently in various sources. Here, the main reasons for the dissolution will be evaluated as structural, economic, political and inter-ethnical. The answer is C.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 3

When did the self-management practice start in Yugoslavia?

1950

1955

1960

1965

1935

Açıklama:

To take a look to the title of Economical Reasons of Dissolution
The self-management practice, which started in 1950, was also the source of the economic reasons for the dissolution.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 4

Slovenia’s tendency towards independence in this process became clearer especially.......
Which of the following would be the best option to complete the above sentence?

after the abolition of the autonomy of Kosovo

after the abolition of the autonomy of Germany

after the abolition of the autonomy of Europe

after the abolition of the autonomy of America

after the collapse of Congress of the Communist Union

Açıklama:

To take a look to the title of Independence of Slovenia (1991)
With the death of Tito, the increasing nationalism in the republics triggered the trend of secession in the federated republics and centralization in the federal republic. Slovenia’s tendency towards independence in this process became clearer especially after the abolition of the autonomy of Kosovo and Vojvodina in
1989.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 5

Who is Franjo Tudjman?

the President of Croatia after the 1990 elections

the President of Yugoslavia after the 1990 elections

the President of Serbs after the 1990 elections

the President of Greece after the 1995 elections

the President of Moldovia after the 1990 elections

Açıklama:

To take a look to the title of Independence of Croatia (1991)
Franjo Tudjman, who would become the President of Croatia after the 1990 elections, argued that the change of communist rule and the establishment of an independent Croatia could be possible by establishing a link between the Ustasha sympathizers and the Partisans who participated in the anti-fascist struggle in the Second World War

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 6

Who is founder of The Croatian Democratic Union?

Tudjman

Trbovich

Bideleux

Jeffries

Krajina

Açıklama:

To take a look to the title of Independence of Croatia
The Croatian Democratic Union, founded by Franjo Tudjman in 1989, achieved success in the multi-party elections held in 1990, and the liquidation of Serbs from their positions at the state level started.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 7

Which of the following is not part of ethnic diversity in Macedonia?

Greeks

Macedonians

Albanians

Turks

Serbs

Açıklama:

To take look to the title of Independence of Macedonia
In Macedonia, according to the data of 1991, 64.6% of the population was Macedonians, 21% were Albanians, and the remaining part consisted of Turks, Roma, Serbs and other ethnic groups.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 8

What was the main reason of the US's intervention in Kosovo?

the issue of building a state after military intervention

the issue of building a state after economic intervention

the issue of building a state after fiscal intervention

the issue of building a state after regional intervention

the issue of building a state after religious intervention

Açıklama:

To take a look to the title of Kosovo Crisis
There were two main reasons behind the US intervention in the Kosovo Crisis through NATO. The first was to allow NATO to directly intervene in such matters by exposing the ineffectiveness of the UN as in the Bosnian Crisis. Second, the
issue of building a state after military intervention came to the fore for the first time after the Kosovo Crisis.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 9

What is The Balkan policy of the EU after the Cold War?

the intervention of the crises

the intervention of the economic crises

the intervention of the fiscal crises

the intervention of the taxation policy crises

the intervention of the fiscal crises

Açıklama:

to take a look to the title of European Union
The Balkan policy of the EU after the Cold War and especially with the dissolution of the SFRY, was primarily related to the intervention of the crises that emerged within the dissolution process and then to the restructuring of the newly independent countries

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 10

What was the date in which a temporary agreement was signed between Greece and Macedonia?

In 1995

In 1998

In 1985

In 2000

In 2001

Açıklama:

To take alook to the ttile of Macedonian Crisis
In 1995, with a temporary agreement between Greece and Macedonia, Macedonia agreed to change its flag and make some changes to its constitution.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 11

What is Turkey’s foreign policy towards the Balkans?

a relatively more active attitude

a relatively more active economic attitude

a relatively more active fiscal attitude

a relatively more effective public relations

a relatively more active local policies

Açıklama:

To take alook to the title of Republic of Turkey
Although there is no significant difference between the Cold War period and the post-Cold War period when Turkey’s policies towards the Balkan countries were examined, it has been known that Turkey showed a relatively more active attitude

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 12

Which of the following is the founder of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia who also preserved the unity of different republics under this banner until his death?

Tito

Stalin

Lenin

Hitler

Trocki

Açıklama:

Tito founded Yugoslavia after winning victory in an internal rivalry.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 13

Which of the following is the structural reason for the dissolution of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia?

Poor economy and extreme poverty

Multi-ethnic structure of the federation

Influence of Christianity

The United State's influence

The Soviet pressure

Açıklama:

Multi-ethnic structure of the country is considered as a structural reason for the dissolution of the republic.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 14

Which of the following was the first republic of Yugoslavia that gained its independence in the early 1990s?

Croatia

Serbia

Slovenia

Macedonia

Bosnia-Herzegovina

Açıklama:

Slovenia is the first republic to gain its independence from Yugoslavia

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 15

Why did the breakaway of Croatia from Yugoslavia happen in a violent way?

Support from the EU and the US

Disagreements between socialists and nationalists

Lack of popular support for independence

Ethnic complexity and Serbia's support for Serbs in Croatia

Disputes with Slovenia

Açıklama:

Croatia's independence was bloody due to the ethnic complexity and Serbia's support for Croatian Serbs.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 16

Which country did Macedonia experience a dispute over its recognition after the independence?

Russia

Serbia

Albany

Turkey

Greece

Açıklama:

Greece strongly opposed the official name of Macedonia, arguing that it is an infringement upon its territorial claims because some of its lands are also called Macedonia

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 17

Which of the following was signed to end the civil war in Bosnia-Herzegovina officially?

Paris Peace Agreement

NATO Peace Accords

Brussels Peace Treaty

Dayton Peace Accords

Camp David Peace Agreement

Açıklama:

Dayton Peace Accords ended the civil war in Bosnia-Herzegovina

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 18

Despite ideological proximity to the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia was not part of the Soviet-led Eastern bloc. Instead, it was one of the founding members of a separate initiative.
What is the name of that initiative mentioned above?

Third-way approach

Non-aligned Movement

Western bloc

Balkan Bloc

Alternative socialist initiative

Açıklama:

Yugoslavia was one of the founding members of the non-aligned movement

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 19

Which of the following international organization did take a decisive role to solve the Kosovo crisis in the late 1990s?

NATO

World Trade Organization

World Health Organization

European Union

Council of Europe

Açıklama:

NATO intervention was a major contribution to the settlement of the Kosovo crisis.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 20

Which of the following countries have opposed any proposal at the UN Security Council seeking intervention in violence during the breakup of Yugoslavia?

United States-France

United Kingdom-France

France-Russia

Russia-China

United States-China

Açıklama:

Russia and China favored the unity of Yugoslavia and for this reason, they staged strong opposition to any proposal towards intervention.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 21

Which country did enter the process of dissolution simultaneous with the dissolution of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics?

China

Yugoslavia

Macedonia

Slovenia

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Açıklama:

Yugoslavia

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 22

When was the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia founded?

1935

1945

1955

1965

1975

Açıklama:

1945

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 23

How many socialist republics were formed The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia?

Açıklama:

6 - Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 24

When did the organic link between the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union break?

1948

1958

1968

1978

1988

Açıklama:

1948

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 25

What is the first country that declared its independence among the republics of Yugoslavia?

Croatia

Macedonia

Montenegro

Serbia

Slovenia

Açıklama:

Slovenia

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 26

What is the name of the ultra-nationalist Croatian Revolutionary Movement that operated between 1929 and 1945?

Crotianaha

Karlovac

Ustasha

Sisac

Drava

Açıklama:

Ustasha

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 27

When did Turkey recognize Macedonia under its constitutional name?

1972

1982

1992

2002

2012

Açıklama:

1992

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 28

When did Bosnia-Herzegovina declare its independence from Yugoslavia?

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

Açıklama:

1992

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 29

What was Turkey’s first action during the Yugoslav Civil War?

to establish communication with the leaders of the conflicting parties

to send an emergency help package for the region

to call European Union into action

to organize a conference in İstanbul

to close its borders to the citizens of Serbia

Açıklama:

to organize a conference in Istanbul

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 30

When did Croatia declare its independence from Yugoslavia?

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

Açıklama:

1991

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 31

Who were the main parties of the Cold War?

The winners of the Second World War

The losers of the Second World War

Nazis and Russians

Nazis and Americans

First world countries and third world countries

Açıklama:

After the end of the Second World War, a new war - the Cold War - began in the world among
the winners of the Second World War. The correct answer is A.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 32

Tito structured the SFRY consisting of six socialist republics.
Which of the following was not one of these republics?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Croatia

Albania

Macedonia

Montenegro

Açıklama:

Tito structured the republic consisting of six socialist republics - Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia - and two autonomous regions - Kosovo and Vojvodina - to grant governmental rights to all peoples that form the state. Albania was not a member of SFRY. The correct answer is C.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 33

What is the term that is used to explain the inclusion of market economy policies in the
socialist order in the economic history of Yugoslavia?

Communism

Market socialism

Free market economy

Capitalist socialism

State capitalism

Açıklama:

Market socialism, which is an expression of the inclusion of liberalism or market economy in the
socialist order, was put forward as of 1965 in Yugoslavia. The correct answer is B.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 34

Which ethnic affiliation owned the biggest share in the demographich structure in Yugoslavia?

Serbs

Croats

Slovenes

Bosnians

Macedonians

Açıklama:

The most dominant group in Yugoslavia was the Serbs with a rate of 35% in the whole population (Çınar, 2019, 21). The correct answer is A.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 35

When did the Collective Presidency Council come into force in Yugoslavia?

After the system of market socialism was implemented

After the first world war

At the beginning of the establishment of Yugoslavia

After Tito's death

After the second world war

Açıklama:

The rotating presidency procedure or the Collective Presidency Council, which was
implemented after Tito’s death, was seen as one of the structural reasons behind the dissolution. The correct answer is D.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 36

Which two countries did have an impact on the beginning of the dissolution of Yugoslavia?

Slovenia and Croatia

Croatia and Serbia

Serbia and Bosnia

Montenegro and Macedonia

Serbia and Macedonia

Açıklama:

Slovenia and Croatia, were in favor of liberalization and decentralization (Abazi, 2007, 39). As a matter of fact, it was not a coincidence that the dissolution started with these two countries. The correct answer is A.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 37

Decentralization came to the fore in both political and economic fields. Thus, the transition from centrally planned economies to market-based economies was realized. This, in turn, resulted in the republics working on their own territory and for themselves.
What did these changes cause in Yugoslavian history?

Brought more prosperous societies inside the country

Brought more difference between the republics and triggered ethnic conflicts

More peaceful society was sustained

Less powerful diplomatic relations established with other countries

Empowered the army of Yugoslavia

Açıklama:

With the regulations in 1965 and 1971, decentralization came to the fore in both political and economic fields. Thus, the transition from centrally planned economies to market-based economies was realized (Çınar, 2019, 22). This, in turn, resulted in the republics working on their own territory and for themselves. This situation, which further increased the development difference between the republics, also triggered ethnic conflicts. The correct answer is B.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 38

What was the Serbian leader Milošević's expectations in administration of Yugoslovia?

A looser administration

A decentralized administration

More centralized administration

More democratic institutions

Strong will for EU membership

Açıklama:

Following Tito’s death, Slovenian and Croatian leaders favored a looser and decentralized administration, while Serbian leader Milošević favored a more centralized administration (Baskin and Pickering, 2011, 283-284). The correct answer is C.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 39

Which country did first recognize Slovenia's independence?

Holland

Italy

Germany

USA

Turkey

Açıklama:

Germany was the first state to recognize Slovenia’s independence due to the historical relations between them. The correct answer is C.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 40

Which country did perceive Turkey's Balkan policy in the 90s as a threat to itself?

USA

Russia

Macedonia

Armenia

Greece

Açıklama:

Turkish foreign policy towards Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria and Albania, where there is a large Turkish and/or Muslim population, has been perceived as a threat by Greece (Kırlıdökme, 2016, 61). The correct answer is E.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 41

Which of the following cannot be listed as a reason for the dissolution of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia?

Structural

Economical

Geographical

Political

Inter-Ethnical

Açıklama:

İptal edilen soru yerine yazılan yeni sorudur. Daha önce yanlışlıkla iptal edilen soru silinip onun üzerine yazıldığı için sistemde bu soru 2 kez görünebilir. Bilgilerinize sunarım.
The reasons for the dissolution of Yugoslavia have been classified differently in various sources. Here, the main reasons for the dissolution will be evaluated as structural, economic, political and inter-ethnical. The answer is C.

Doğru Cevap: C

Ünite 6

Soru 1

Which is false about the Balkans and their role in international relations, in general?

Balkans were the actual area of two major wars in the 20th Century.

Balkan countries’ sociological structure formed by different ethnic and religious communities lead to different security problems and interests.

The 1934 Balkan Pact and 1954 Balkan Alliance were security mechanisms to protect the interest of Balkan countries before Post-Cold War Era.

Balkans is a region that can affect both European security and the security of the international system with the security/insecurity issues that it creates.

Currently, there are well established institutional mechanism by which Balkan countries can ensure their common security interests.

Açıklama:

All options are true according to the Introduction section (p. 147) except the correct answer. On second paragraph, it is given that “In today’s globalization process where inter-communal interactions and interdependence are increasing, there is no institutional mechanism by which Balkan countries can ensure their common security interests.” which is opposite of the correct option. Thus, the correct option is false. (1 Analyse the Bosnia-Serbia War)

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 2

Which of the following is the representative of Bosniaks (Muslims) before the Bosnian war started in 1992?

UÇK

SDA

SDS

HDZ

BHP

Açıklama:

Chapter 6- Security in the Balkans After the Cold War: Bosnia and Kosovo Interventions- THE BOSNIA&HERZEGOVINA - SERBIA WAR
Before the start of the Bosnia War in 1992, Bosnia was divided into three political structures: the Muslim Democratic Action Party (SDA), the Serbian Democratic Party (SDS), and the Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ).

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 3

Which of the following is the main source of the conflicts in the Balkans after the Cold War?

economic problems

migration

ethnic and religious problems

environmental problems

gender problems

Açıklama:

Chapter 6- Security in the Balkans After the Cold War: Bosnia and Kosovo Interventions- THE BOSNIA&HERZEGOVINA - SERBIA WAR
For the Balkan countries, the potential for conflict stemming from ethnic and religious problems.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 4

Who carried out the "Balkan Storm" operation?

Russia Federation

USA

NATO

Açıklama:

Chapter 6- Security in the Balkans After the Cold War: Bosnia and Kosovo Interventions- THE BOSNIA&HERZEGOVINA - SERBIA WAR
The ultimate goal of the NATO military operation called the “Balkan Storm” or “Operation Deliberate Force”, was to stop the Serbian attacks and to remove the Serbian elements in the region out of the region.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 5

In which of the following cities is the Dayton Peace Agreement signed?

Paris

Londra

Washington

Berlin

Açıklama:

Chapter 6- Security in the Balkans After the Cold War: Bosnia and Kosovo Interventions- THE BOSNIA&HERZEGOVINA - SERBIA WAR
The three and a half years of civil war in Bosnia ended with the ceasefire negotiations that started on 1 November 1995. Peace talks started in Dayton, Ohio, USA, with the participation of Alija Izetbegovic on behalf of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Franjo Tudjman on behalf of Croatia, and Slobodan Milosevic on behalf of Serbia. The agreement, consisting of the main text and eleven annexes drafted in the city of Dayton, was signed by the parties on 14 December 1995 in Paris.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 6

When was the Dayton Peace Agreement signed?

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 7

Which of the following countries is the Brcko autonomous region located in?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Serbia

Croatia

North Macedonia

Kosovo

Açıklama:

Chapter 6- Security in the Balkans After the Cold War: Bosnia and Kosovo Interventions- THE BOSNIA&HERZEGOVINA - SERBIA WAR
According to the Dayton Peace Agreement, the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina shall consist of two entities; the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina consisting of 10 cantons and the Serb Republic, and a small autonomous region called Brcko

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 8

Which of the following is the armed organization established by the Kosovars to fight the Serbs?

SDA

SDS

HDZ

BHP

UÇK

Açıklama:

Chapter 6- Security in the Balkans After the Cold War: Bosnia and Kosovo Interventions- THE KOSOVO INTERVENTION
Kosovo Liberation Army (UÇK-Ushtria Çlirimtare Kosoves), which was the militia of Kosovo Albanians.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 9

The USA is considering controlling Macedonia and Yugoslavia through which of the following countries?

Albania

Montenegro

Kosovo

Croatia

Bulgaria

Açıklama:

Chapter 6- Security in the Balkans After the Cold War: Bosnia and Kosovo Interventions- GLOBAL AND REGIONAL ACTORS IN THE BOSNIA AND KOSOVO WARS
Second, the USA was able to control the processes in both Yugoslavia and Macedonia with its control over Kosovo.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 10

Which country accidentally hit the Chinese Embassy building during the Kosovo intervention?

The United Kingdom

The United States of America

France

Germany

Turkey

Açıklama:

Chapter 6- Security in the Balkans After the Cold War: Bosnia and Kosovo Interventions- GLOBAL AND REGIONAL ACTORS IN THE BOSNIA AND KOSOVO WARS
During the Kosovo intervention, an interesting military and diplomatic event took place and the Chinese Embassy building was “accidentally” hit by the USA.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 11

What country model did the Vance-Owen Plan propose to be implemented?

Irish

German

Russian

Swiss

American

Açıklama:

Chapter 6- Security in the Balkans After the Cold War: Bosnia and Kosovo Interventions- THE BOSNIA&HERZEGOVINA - SERBIA WAR
The Vance-Owen plan, named after former US foreign minister Cyrus Vance representing the UN and David Owen, representing the EC, proposed the implementation of the Swiss model in Bosnia.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 12

Which of the following was not one of the main factors affecting regional security in the post-Cold War era?

Threat that could come from ideological blocs

Threats originating from within states

The potential for conflict stemming from ethnic problems

Border problems between countries

The potential for conflict stemming from and religious problems

Açıklama:

All options are true according to references (Veremis, 2015: 125; Gecaj, 2018: 4) given on page 148 except the correct answer. Veremis (2015: 125) claims that “Threats originating from within states replaced the threat that could come from ideological or military blocs during the Cold War”. So ideological or military blocs were causing threats in Cold War Era, but not in Post-Cold War Era. (1 Analyse the Bosnia-Serbia War)

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 13

Which of the following is not among the events that escalated the Bosnia - Herzegovina vs. Serbia War?

Since the war was not affecting international political and economic balances, international community was insensitive in the beginning of war.

The Serbian leader Slobodan Milosevic was aiming to establish a “Greater Serbia”, rooted on the ethnic nationalist feelings revived in Balkans after disintegration of Yugoslavia.

Serbian militia forces under the supervision of UN peacekeepers in Srebrenica was not able to to attack Bosnians.

The international community, especially the EU and the USA, did not take effective and deterrent measures against Serbs attacking the Bosnians.

Bosnia-Herzegovina, led by Izetbegovic, declared its independence which was acknowledged by United States and European Community, but Bosnian Serbs and Belgrade administration demanded to withdraw this decision.

Açıklama:

The correct answer does not reflect what happened in the reality. The UN, US and EC decded to use non-violent methods to resolve the conflict in the beginning. So, “… the international community, especially the EU and the USA, did not take effective and deterrent measures against Serbs, and the attacks against the Bosniaks by Serbian militia forces under the supervision of UN peacekeepers in Srebrenica, which was declared a safe zone by the UN, reached the level of genocide (Dalar, 2008: 97).” as it is given on page 149. . (1 Analyse the Bosnia-Serbia War, 3 Interpret the strategies of global and regional powers such as the US, RF, UN, EU, and Turkey in the Bosnia and Kosovo crisis)

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 14

According to the plan announced on January 2, 1993, Bosnia would be divided into ten cantons and the control of these cantons would be shared among Serbs, Croats, and Muslims in the form of three cantons for each community, putting Sarajevo in control of international forces as an “open city”.
What is the name of this plan?

Safe Zones Plan

The Vance-Owen Plan

Izetbegovic Plan

United Nations Plan

Dayton Plan

Açıklama:

The definition in the question is given for Vance-Owen Plan on page 150. (1 Analyse the Bosnia-Serbia War, 3 Interpret the strategies of global and regional powers such as the US, RF, UN, EU, and Turkey in the Bosnia and Kosovo crisis)

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 15

Which is true about the Safe Zones declared by UN Security Council during Bosnia-Herzegovina vs. Serbia War?

The UN Security Council defined the attacks against Bosnian Muslims as “genocide”.

The International Court of Justice decided that Serbia did not commit any the crime of genocide in Bosnia-Herzegovina.

The declared safe zone was limited to Srebrenica region.

The disarmament of safe zones and the insufficiency of UN Protection Forces posed a danger to the people of the region, instead of preventing the attacks.

Safe Zones were declared to stop the attacks of the Bosnian Muslim paramilitary groups against Serbians.

Açıklama:

All the options are false according to the “The Safe Zones Plan” on page 150-151, except the correct option. Safe zone were declared against Serbian paramilitary groups who are attacking Bosnian Muslim civilians. After Srebrenica, Sarajevo, Zepa, Tuzla, Gorazde and Bihac were also declared as safe zones. Although the International Court of Justice decided that Serbia committee crime of genocide, this decision was interpreted differently by the UN Security Council and the attacks against Bosnian Muslims were defined as “ethnic cleansing”, not “genocide”. (1 Analyse the Bosnia-Serbia War, 3 Interpret the strategies of global and regional powers such as the US, RF, UN, EU, and Turkey in the Bosnia and Kosovo crisis)

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 16

Which is false about the peace agreement in 1995 that ends the Bosnia and Herzegovina against Serbia War?

The Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina shall consist of two members.

According to the Dayton Peace Agreement, the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina shall consist of two entities.

The parties that signed the agreement were Alija Izetbegovic on behalf of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Franjo Tudjman on behalf of Croatia, and Slobodan Milosevic on behalf of Serbia.

Serbian Military Forces forced their opponents to surrender, which led to a peace agreement.

The military operation executed by NATO forces led to the peace agreement.

Açıklama:

As stated on page 151, “the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina shall consist of three Members: one Bosniak and one Croat, each directly elected from the territory of the Federation, and one Serb directly elected from the territory of the Republika Srpska”. (1 Analyse the Bosnia-Serbia War, 3 Interpret the strategies of global and regional powers such as the US, RF, UN, EU, and Turkey in the Bosnia and Kosovo crisis)

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 17

Why did NATO’s intervention in Kosovo in 1999 sparked some controversy on the legitimacy of the operation?

The UÇK (the Kosovo Liberation Army) were successfully defending the Kosovo and NATO did not had to intervene.

NATO did not get UN (United Nations) Security Council approval which is necessary according to Article 7 of Chapter 42 of the UN Charter.

The operation took 78 days until the ceasefire although it was planned to be finished in 10 days.

The of UNMIK (United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo) was established and the NATO operation was unnecessary.

NATO used excessive force against the Serbians and caused a lot of civilian casualties.

Açıklama:

The correct option is clearly declared in the section “Discussions on Intervention” on page 155. There were no evidence on use of excessive force. The intervention is based on aircraft operations. The duration of the operation did not cause any controversy regarding to its legitimacy. The UNMIK presence and capability of UÇK were not discussed regarding to the legitimacy of NATO operation. (2 Evalaute the Kosova Intervention)

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 18

Which false about the position of several international actors given below, during the crisis in Bosnia and Kosova in Post-Cold War Era?

Russian Federation was not able to achieve the desired effect in the Balkans against Western rivals such as the USA and the EU.

The United States diplomatically increased its regional influence as well as its participation to military operations through NATO.

The European Community member countries, which are generally not very successful in developing a common foreign policy, continued the same attitude.

Turkey argued that separatist demands should be accepted, to support Muslims in the region.

Turkey shaped the regional policy by intensifying its relations with the countries in the region and global actors, mainly the US.

Açıklama:

As stated on page 162, “Turkey…” “…argued that accepting separatist demands would increase the conflict trends emphasizing once again that the status quo should be maintained within the framework of Yugoslavia’s territorial integrity. All the other statements are valid as given in the section “Global and Regional Actors in the Bosnia and Kosovo Wars” between page 157 to 162.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 19

Which of the following is not a reason that Turkey showed interest in the Kosovo conflict during the Post-Cold War Era?

The majority of Kosovo Albanians were Muslims and were receiving support from the Turkish public.

Turkey-Albania relations constituted a counterweight to Greece in the Balkans.

The Yugoslavian administration had committed grave human rights violations in Kosovo and attracted the reaction of the international community, including Turkey.

Turkey took sides with the United States wishing to implement severe sanctions against Yugoslavia, as a result of US-Turkey cooperation in the Balkans.

Turkey decided stand against Russian Federation in Balkans due to the conflict of interest that has historical roots.

Açıklama:

The last option is completely irrelevant and the Russian Federation did not have a large influence in the Balkans during the Post-Cold War Era, until Vladimir Putin was elected as president and made several changes in Russia Fedaration’s Balkans policy.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 20

Following are the names, countries and positions of the statesman who had influenced the conflicts in Balkans during the Post-Cold War Era. Which of the following matches is correct?

Alija Izetbegovic - The leader of the Kosovar Muslims

Ibrahim Rugova - The leader of the Bosnian Muslims

Slobodan Milosevic - Serbian leader

David Owen - US Foreign Minister

Cyrus Vance - European Community Representative

Açıklama:

The only correct match is Slobodan Milosevic, who was the Serbian leader. Cyrus Vance was US Foreign Minister and David Owen was European Community Representative (p. 150) who established the Vance-Owen plan. Alija Izetbegovic was the leader of Bosnian Muslims (p. 150 and 152). Ibrahim Rugova was the Kosovar politician, leader of LDK and the passive resistance movement in Kosova (not Bosnia). Slobodan Milosevic is the Serbian leader. Although this information is missing in the book, Milosevic was later judged at the Hague for his crimes against humanity in Kosovo and Bosnia but died before the trial could be concluded. For this reason, it is tought that some special emphasis should be given to his name and his actions.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 21

Which of the following country is not one of the Western Balkan country?

Albania

Bosnia-Herzegovina

Montenegro

Macedonia

Slovenia

Açıklama:

The definition “Western Balkans” is not a geographic distinction, but one based on identity and ethnicity. Countries such as Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Kosovo that failed or were less successful in
the integration process were positioned within this definition.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 22

When was the Balkan Pact signed?

1934

1937

1939

1941

1953

Açıklama:

The Balkan Pact was signed in 1934

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 23

When was the Balkan Alliance established?

1951

1954

1957

1961

1979

Açıklama:

Balkan Alliance was established in 1954 under the containment policy of the USA (The United States of America),

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 24

For the Balkan countries, the potential for conflict stemming from ethnic and .................... problems, which are conventional threats, and border problems between countries were the main factors affecting regional security in the post-Cold War era.
Which is the option that completes the above blank place correctly?

religious

economic

demographic

historical

leadership

Açıklama:

For the Balkan countries, the potential for conflict stemming from ethnic and religious problems, which are conventional threats, and border problems between countries were the main factors affecting regional security in the post-Cold War era.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 25

When was the The Vance-Owen Plan announced?

1989

1990

1991

1993

2001

Açıklama:

The Vance-Owen plan, named after former US foreign minister Cyrus Vance representing the UN and David Owen, representing the EC, proposed the implementation of the Swiss model in Bosnia. According to the plan announced on January 2, 1993, Bosnia would be divided into ten cantons and the control of these cantons would be shared among Serbs, Croats, and Muslims in the
form of three cantons for each community.
The Vance-Owen plan, named after former US foreign minister Cyrus Vance representing the UN and David Owen, representing the EC, proposed the implementation of the Swiss model in Bosnia. According to the plan announced on January 2, 1993, Bosnia would be divided into ten cantons and the control of these cantons would be shared among Serbs, Croats, and Muslims in the form of three cantons for each community.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 26

The Vance-Owen plan, named after former US Foreign Minister Cyrus Vance representing the UN and David Owen, representing the EC, proposed the implementation of the Swiss model in ............... .
Which is the option that completes the above blank place correctly?

Serbia

Montenegro

Kosovo

Albenia

Bosnia

Açıklama:

The Vance-Owen plan, named after former US foreign minister Cyrus Vance representing the UN and David Owen, representing the EC, proposed the implementation of the Swiss model in Bosnia.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 27

According to which Chapter of the United Nations Treaty, United Nations Security Council declared Srebrenica a safe zone with the resolution numbered 814 dated 16.04.1993, and Sarajevo, Zepa, Tuzla, Gorazde and Bihac with the resolution numbered 824 dated 06.05.1993?

7th Chapter of the UN Treaty

17th Chapter of the UN Treaty

9th Chapter of the UN Treaty

10th Chapter of the UN Treaty

2th Chapter of the UN Treaty

Açıklama:

UN Security Council declared Srebrenica a safe zone with the resolution numbered 814 dated 16.04.1993, and Sarajevo, Zepa, Tuzla, Gorazde and Bihac with the resolution numbered 824 dated 06.05.1993, within the scope of the 7th Chapter of the UN Treaty.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 28

In the Bosnia intervention, the UN Security Council evaluated NATO within the scope of ................. . Thus, NATO, based the legitimacy of the intervention in Bosnia on this article.
Which is the option that completes the above blank place correctly?

Article 51

Article 53

Article 5

Article 2

Article 55

Açıklama:

In the Bosnia intervention, the UN Security Council evaluated NATO within
the scope of Article 53. Thus, NATO, based the legitimacy of the intervention in Bosnia on this article.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 29

When the Dayton Peace Agreement was signed?

in 1995

in 1999

in 2000

in 2001

in 2002

Açıklama:

Dayton Peace Agreement was signed by the parties on 14 December 1995 in Paris.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 30

When Croatia gained full EU membership status in the European Union?

in 2007

in 2013

in 2004

in 2009

in 2020

Açıklama:

Greece gained full EU membership status in 1981, Slovenia in 2004, Bulgaria and Romania in 2007, and Croatia in 2013.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 31

What was the main reason why the Srebrenica massacre occurred despite its designation as a “safe zone” during the Bosnian War?

NATO refused to intervene in the conflict

The inadequacy of UNPROFOR

Bosnian Muslims rejected the Dayton Agreement

Serbian forces withdrew before the massacre

The Vance-Owen Plan was implemented successfully

Açıklama:

The expected peace could not be brought in the regions determined by the safe zones plan, and the smooth implementation of humanitarian aid for those living in Bosnia could not be achieved. Besides, the disarmament of safe zones and the insufficiency of UNPROFOR posed a danger to the people of the region, as well as creating vital risks for people coming from outside the region, thinking the region was safe. Safe zones, which were thought to protect the lives of innocent people
in the face of Serbian attacks, were everything but “safe” (Holbrooke, 1999: 89).
The inadequacy of UNPROFOR

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 32

Why did Bosnian Muslims oppose the Vance-Owen Plan?

It gave Sarajevo to Serbian control

It divided Bosnia on an ethnic basis

It allowed NATO troops in Bosnia

It excluded Muslim representatives from negotiations

It increased the Muslim-controlled territory

Açıklama:

The reactions of the parties regarding the plan differed. Despite the support of the US, Serbia, and Croatia, Bosnian Muslims and Bosnian Serbs opposed the Plan. The reason why Bosnian Muslims opposed the Plan was that the plan divided Bosnia-Herzegovina territories on an ethnic basis.
It divided Bosnia on an ethnic basis

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 33

According to the Dayton Peace Agreement, what were the two main entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina?

Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Brčko District

Bosnian Federation and Croat Republic

Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Serb Republic

Croat Federation and Serbian Autonomous Region

Bosnian Republic and Serb Republic

Açıklama:

According to the Dayton Peace Agreement, the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina shall consist of two entities; the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina consisting of 10 cantons and the Serb Republic.
Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Serb Republic

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 34

What is the significance of NATO’s decision not to conduct a ground operation in Kosovo in military history?

It was the first UN-led operation without ground forces.

It was the first NATO operation without Security Council approval.

It was the first intervention carried out solely by air operations.

It was the last NATO operation in the Balkans.

It was the first humanitarian mission by NATO.

Açıklama:

What makes NATO operation different in terms of military history is that it is the first operation without a ground war. In this respect, NATO operations were the first military intervention to be carried out by air operation only.
It was the first intervention carried out solely by air operations.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 35

Which of NATO’s five key demands to Milosevic during the Kosovo intervention aimed at ensuring civilian safety?

Establishing an autonomous Kosovo government immediately

Allowing the safe return of all refugees to their homes

Opening Serbian borders to refugees

Redrawing Kosovo’s borders

The withdrawal of Serbian military, police, and paramilitary forces from Kosovo

Açıklama:

In the course of the operation, the leaders of NATO member states presented five basic demands they asked Slobodan Milosevic to fulfill: all war activities and human deaths shall be stopped, Serbian soldiers, police and paramilitary forces
shall be withdrawn from Kosovo, an international military force shall be deployed in Kosovo, all refugees shall return, humanitarian aids shall be continued without intervention, and a political solution model shall be created for the solution of the Kosovo problem
The withdrawal of Serbian military, police, and paramilitary forces from Kosovo

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 36

How did the Russian Federation view the Kosovo problem in the 1990s?

As a NATO-led international issue

As a European Union responsibility

As an internal issue of Serbia

As a regional conflict between Albania and Serbia

As a humanitarian crisis requiring UN action

Açıklama:

The strategy of RF to increase its efficiency by feeding on instability in the Balkans is a historical reality. The Bosnia war can be shown as an example of this
strategy (Samokhvalov, 2019: 196). RF evaluated the Kosovo issue as an internal problem of Serbia. Therefore, in the solution of the problem, Serbia’s sovereign rights should not have been violated
As an internal issue of Serbia

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 37

What was the main reason for the EC’s failure in managing Balkan crises in the 1990s?

Different interests and expectations among member states

Lack of military resources

Dependence on US diplomacy

Strong Russian opposition

Failure to recognize the independence of Croatia

Açıklama:

When the Bosnia war began, the EC member states had a dilemma about whether to intervene in the conflict processes with non-armed forces (soft power) or with a military force (hard power) to be formed through the WEU (Western European Union)
Also, the fact that Britain and France, two other powerful countries of the EC, apart from Germany, had different interests, perceptions, and approaches regarding the events during the conflict, caused the failure of political and diplomatic efforts.
Different interests and expectations among member states

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 38

What is an example of Turkey’s logistical support to NATO during the Kosovo operation?

Sending humanitarian aid convoys.

Deploying F-16 aircraft only for training purposes

Opening Bandırma and Çorlu air bases

Hosting the Rambouillet negotiations

Providing UN peacekeeping forces to Bosnia

Açıklama:

When the NATO operation began, Turkey was actively involved in the operation with the participation of F-16 fighter jets, initially sent for reconnaissance and surveillance purposes, in the bombardment (Uzgel, 2001: 276). Besides, Turkey expanded the field support for the operation by making Bandırma and Çorlu air bases available to the US.
Opening Bandırma and Çorlu air bases

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 39

Which leader pursued the goal of creating a “Greater Serbia”?

Alija Izetbegovic

Radovan Karadzic

Franjo Tudjman

Slobodan Milosevic

Richard Holbrooke

Açıklama:

One of the most important reasons for the Bosnia war is the dream of Serbian leader Slobodan Milosevic to create a “Greater Serbia”.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 40

What was the main objective of NATO’s “Operation Deliberate Force” in Bosnia?

Enforcing the Vance-Owen Plan

Removing UNPROFOR from Sarajevo

Protecting Croat-held territories

Disarming Bosnian Muslims

Removing Serbian forces from the area

Açıklama:

The ultimate goal of the NATO military operation called the “Balkan Storm” or “Operation Deliberate Force”, was to stop the Serbian attacks and to remove the Serbian elements in the region out of the region.
Removing Serbian forces from the area

Doğru Cevap: E

Ünite 7

Soru 1

After the disintegration of Yugoslavia, there were four wars in the Balkans between 1990 and 1995. Which of the following country was not involved?

Romania

Slovenia

Croatia

Bosnia-Herzegovina

Kosovo

Açıklama:

Re-read "INTRODUCTION" section of your book
After the disintegration of Yugoslavia, there were four wars in the Balkans between 1990 and 1995: Slovenia, Croatia, BosniaHerzegovina and Kosovo Wars.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 2

Which country is the oldest EU member of the Balkans?

Bulgaria

Romania

Greece

Slovenia

Croatia

Açıklama:

Re-read "Ethnic Nationalism and its Reflections on Political Life" section of your book.
Greece is the oldest EU member of the Balkans.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 3

Which country in Europe has the highest unemployement rate?

Greece

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bulgaria

Kosovo

Serbia

Açıklama:

Re-read "Economic Problems" section of your book.
Kosovo has the highest unemployment rate in Europe, at 25.3%.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 4

Which country is one of the most problem-free state in the region?

Montenegro

Croatia

Serbia

Kosovo

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Açıklama:

Re-read "Economic problems" section of your book
Besides, after completing the EU accession process in 2013, Croatia was one of the most problem-free states in the region.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 5

Orginized crime is one of the chronic problems in the Balkans. Whic of the following countries taken important steps with help of EU to fights against it?

Slovenia and Bulgaria

Croatia and Montenegro

Slovenia and Croatia

Kosovo and Montenegro

Bulgaria and Serbia

Açıklama:

Re-read "Ethnic Nationalism and its Reflections on Political Life" section of your book.
Organized crime is one of the chronic problems in the Balkans. Only
Croatia and Slovenia have taken important steps in their fight against organized crime with the help of the EU.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 6

When was Dayton Peace Agreement was signed to end the war?

1985

1989

1992

1995

1998

Açıklama:

Re-read "25-year-old International Protectorate in Bosnia and Herzegovina" section of your book
The war, which lasted about three and a half years, ended only with the United States taking a clear stance on December 14, 1995, when the Dayton Peace Agreement (DPA) was signed in Paris.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 7

In 2007, the Ahtisaari Plan was prepared after the negotiations between which of the following countries?

Herzegovina and Serbia

Kosovo and Serbia

Serbia and Bosnia

Kosovo and Montenegro

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Açıklama:

Re-read "Kosovo: Independence Process under International Protection" section of your book.
In November 2005, the UN Secretary General sent former Finnish President Martti Ahtisaari to Kosovo as a special representative to determine Kosovo’s status. Ahtisaari began his work, which would also win him the 2008 Nobel Prize, and led negotiations with both sides for 15 months. At the end of this process, he prepared a plan for the status of Kosovo in March 2007. Known as the Ahtisaari plan, this plan envisaged Kosovo to be independent, provided that it remained under international supervision for a specified period.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 8

When did Kosovo declared its independence?

1999

2002

2005

2007

2008

Açıklama:

Re-read "Kosovo: Independence Process under International Protection" section of your book.
The Kosovo Parliament unanimously declared its independence on February 17, 2008.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 9

Which one of the following has the greatest influence on Kosovo's military security policies?

The EU

Russia

United States of America

Germany

France

Açıklama:

Re-read "Kosovo: Independence Process under International Protection" section of your book.
The United States has a great influence on Kosovo’s military security policies.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 10

Which of the following country is not considered as part of Western Balkans by the EU?

Slovenia

Serbia

Macedonia

Kosovo

Albania

Açıklama:

Re-read "Euroatlantic Integration of Balkans" section of your book.
The region consisting of Croatia, Macedonia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro and Kosovo and Albania, which are the countries that left the Former Yugoslavia, except Slovenia, are called the Western Balkans by the EU.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 11

Fill in the blank:
The EU aimed to keep the membership motivations of the Balkan countries alive by organizing the ............in 2014supporting the continuation of enlargement.

Framework Participation Agreement (FPA)

Prespa Agreement

Berlin Process

Community Assistance for Reconstruction Development and Stabilization (CARDS)

The Stabilization and Association Process (SAP)

Açıklama:

Re-read "Euroatlantic Integration of Balkans" section of your book.
The EU aimed to keep the membership motivations of the Balkan countries alive by organizing the Berlin Process in 2014 initiated by Germany, Austria, Croatia, France, Italy, Slovenia, the United Kingdom, and Poland and supporting the continuation of enlargement.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 12

Which of the following country prevented Macedonia from establishing close relations with the EU?

Slovenia

Croatia

Montenegro

Greece

Serbia

Açıklama:

Re-read "Euroatlantic Integration of Balkans" section of your book.
Greece prevented Macedonia, which declared its independence in 1991, from establishing close relations with the EU.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 13

Which of the following countries do not recognize the independence of Kosovo?

USA and France

Italy and Austria

France and İsrail

Canada and England

Russia and China

Açıklama:

Re-read "Euroatlantic Integration of Balkans" section of your book.
As of September 2020, 117 countries in the world recognize Kosovo, while Russia and China, which are permanent members of the UN Security Council, do not recognize Kosovo.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 14

Which of the following countries have made the least progress in their relations with the EU in the Western Balkans and have not yet started negotiations with the EU?

Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo

Serbia and Albania

Kosovo and Serbia

Bosnia and Herzegovina and Albania

North Macedonia and Albania

Açıklama:

Re-read "Euroatlantic Integration of Balkans" section of your book.
The countries that have made the least progress in their relations with the EU in the Western Balkans and have not yet started negotiations are the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 15

Fill in the blanks:
......... has strongly supported both enlargement and reform in Western Balkans as many member states have become critical of enlargement. Along with........., it has been the only major EU country in the last decade that has driven the region to form EU policy.

USA and France

UK and Germany

France and Germany

USA and UK

USA and Germany

Açıklama:

Re-read "United Kingdom, Brexit and Balkans" section of your book.
The United Kingdom has strongly supported both enlargement and reform in the region as many member states have become critical of enlargement. Along with Germany, it has been the only major EU country in the last decade that has driven the region to form EU policy.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 16

Which of the following UN Security Council members strongly objected NATO's intervention in the Bosnian genocide?

USA and Germany

UK and France

Russia and China

USA and UK

Germany and Russia

Açıklama:

Re-read "US and Balkans" section of your book
Despite the serious objections from the two UN Security Council members, Russia and China, the U.S led a military campaign against Serbia under the institutional umbrella of NATO.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 17

Fill in the blank:
..... has been the place where the US-centered new Balkan structuring came to fore.

Serbia

Bosnia

Kosovo

Albania

North Macedonia

Açıklama:

Re-read "US and Balkans" section of your book.
Kosovo has been the place where the US-centered new Balkan structuring came to the fore.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 18

Which of the following is not within the scope of the "Humanitarian Intervention Concept" developed by the UN Security Council to take coercive measures including military action to end the situation?

Genocide

Forced migration

Civil war

Famine

Corruption

Açıklama:

Re-read "US and Balkans" section of your book.
The “Humanitarian Intervention Concept” is a doctrine developed by the UN Security Council. Within the scope of this doctrine, if advanced human rights such as genocide, forced migration, civil war, military coup or famine occur in any state, coercive measures, including military intervention can be taken to end this situation.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 19

"Russia has started to attach more importance to the Balkans both to prevent Europe from increasing its encirclement and to strengthen its Eurasian policy. It tries to make an impact by supporting nationalist parties and the far right in troubled countries."
Which of the following country is not one of them?

Serbia

Montenegro

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Macedonia

Albania

Açıklama:

Re-read "Russian Federation and Balkans" section of your book.
Russia has started to attach more importance to the Balkans both to prevent Europe from increasing its encirclement and to strengthen its Eurasian policy. It tries to make an impact by supporting nationalist parties and the far right in troubled countries such as Serbia, Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro, and at least tries not to lose its influence in these countries.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 20

Which of the following country is one of China's most important allies in the Balkans?

Croatia

Serbia

Romania

Bulgaria

Slovenia

Açıklama:

Re-read "People’s Republic of China (PRC) and Balkans" section of your book.
Currently, one of China’s most important allies in the Balkans is Serbia.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 21

Which of the following is not among the necessary suggestions for the formation of democratic regimes in the Balkan countries where the discourse based on ethnic nationalism is dominant?

grand coalition

minority veto

federated administration

proportional representation

local autonomy

Açıklama:

Chapter 7- Conflict Areas in the Balkans in the 21st Century-CONFLICT AND INSTABILITY
AREAS IN THE BALKANS IN THE GLOBAL AGE
In these countries, it is aimed to create a civil democratic structure with a power-sharing model based on four basic mechanisms: grand coalition, minority veto, proportional representation and local autonomy.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 22

In which of the countries below it can be said that ethnic identities are still the dominant factor in policy making today?

Montenegro

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Romania

Bulgaria

Greece

Açıklama:

Chapter 7- Conflict Areas in the Balkans in the 21st Century-CONFLICT AND INSTABILITY AREAS IN THE BALKANS IN THE GLOBAL AGE
However, ethnic identities are still the main factor in determining political preferences, especially in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Macedonia.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 23

Which of the following is the country with the highest unemployment rate in the Balkans?

Montenegro

Serbia

Bulgaria

Kosovo

North Macedonia

Açıklama:

Chapter 7- Conflict Areas in the Balkans in the 21st Century- CONFLICT AND INSTABILITY
AREAS IN THE BALKANS IN THE GLOBAL AGE
High unemployment rate in the region is still very high. Kosovo has the highest unemployment rate in Europe, at 25.3%.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 24

Among which Balkan countries did the Piran Bay problem occur?

Croatia and Slovenia

Bulgaria and Romania

Albania and Greece

Turkey and Greece

Croatia and Albania

Açıklama:

Chapter 7- Conflict Areas in the Balkans in the 21st Century- CONFLICT AND INSTABILITY
AREAS IN THE BALKANS IN THE GLOBAL AGE
Piran Bay: The disputed maritime delimitation area is located in the northernmost part of the Adriatic Sea which is embraced by three countries- Italy, Slovenia, and Croatia-and is called the Trieste Bay. Since the border between Slovenia and Croatia, which became independent after the dissolution of Yugoslavia in 1991, was not determined in detail before independence, many parts of the border remained controversial in Piran Bay and turned into a serious conflict between the two countries.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 25

Which of the following countries is not one of the countries in the Western Balkans defined by the European Union?

Croatia

Serbia

Montenegro

Kosovo

Romania

Açıklama:

Chapter 7- MAIN GLOBAL ACTORS IN BALKANS AND THEIR POLICIES- Euroatlantic Integration of Balkans
The EU evaluates the Balkan geography by dividing it into two parts as East and West. After Greece, the goal of integration with the Eastern Balkans was achieved with the membership of Bulgaria and Romania in 2007. After the period of wars in the former Yugoslavia, the European Union developed a new strategy called the Western Balkans in order to ensure stability and security in this region and to integrate the region into the EU gradually. The region consisting of Croatia, Macedonia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro and Kosovo and Albania, which are the countries that left the Former Yugoslavia, except Slovenia, are called the Western Balkans by the EU.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 26

When Croatia became a member of the European Union?

2013

2004

1999

2007

2019

Açıklama:

Chapter 7- MAIN GLOBAL ACTORS IN BALKANS AND THEIR POLICIES- Euroatlantic Integration of Balkans
Croatia applied for EU membership in 2003 and was in negotiations from 2005 until 2011. On 9 December 2011 leaders from the EU and Croatia signed the accession treaty. The country became the 28th EU member country on 1 July 2013.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 27

Between which of the following countries is the Prespa agreement signed?

Albania and Kosovo

North Macedonia and Greece

Serbia and BIH

Croatia and Serbia

Bulgaria nd Romania

Açıklama:

Chapter 7- MAIN GLOBAL ACTORS IN BALKANS AND THEIR POLICIES- Euroatlantic Integration of Balkans
North Macedonia signed the Prespa Agreement with Greece in 2018

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 28

If Serbia resolves its problems with which of the following countries, it can start the negotiations on EU membership that were blocked in 2019?

BIH

Croatia

Kosovo

North Macedonia

Albania

Açıklama:

Chapter 7- MAIN GLOBAL ACTORS IN BALKANS AND THEIR POLICIES- Euroatlantic Integration of Balkans
Serbia, which started negotiations in 2015, has not been able to open new chapters since June 2019. It is certain that Serbia cannot become a member of the EU without normalizing relations with Kosovo.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 29

Which of the following Balkan countries recognize Kosovo's independence?

Serbia

BIH

Romania

Croatia

Greece

Açıklama:

Chapter 7- MAIN GLOBAL ACTORS IN BALKANS AND THEIR POLICIES- Euroatlantic Integration of Balkans
117 countries in the world recognize Kosovo, while Russia and China, which are permanent members of the UN Security Council, do not recognize Kosovo. Among the Western Balkan countries, Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina do not recognize Kosovo. Countries that do not recognize Kosovo’s independence are: Greece, Southern Cyprus, Slovakia, Romania and Spain. Greece and Southern Cyprus, their reservations about the Cyprus issue; Slovakia, Romania and Spain do not recognize Kosovo due to minority issues within themselves.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 30

When did Montenegro join NATO?

2012

2013

2014

2016

2017

Açıklama:

Chapter 7- MAIN GLOBAL ACTORS IN BALKANS AND THEIR POLICIES- US and Balkans
The joining of Montenegro to in 2017 and North Macedonia to NATO in 2020 have been the last indicators of the weight of the US in the Balkans.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 31

Which of the below was known as FYROM

Albania

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Montenegro

Republic of Kosovo

North Macedonia

Açıklama:

Western Balkans encompasses Balkan countries which are not members of the EU (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Republic of Kosovo, North Macedonia (formerly FYROM: Former Yugoslavia Republic of Macedonia) Serbia and Croatia, Southeastern Europe as well as Bulgaria and Romania which are members of the EU and sometimes Turkey.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 32

Which of the below Balkan Countries became EU member in 2007?

Bulgaria

Macedonia

Albania

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Croatia

Açıklama:

While Romania and Bulgaria, which became full members of the EU in 2007, relatively solved their problems, the Western Balkans region still faces a series of challenges

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 33

I- Bosnia and Herzegovina
II- Yugoslavia
III- Serbia
IV- Macedonia
Which of the above country(ies) is/are ethnic identities still the main factor in determining political preferences?

Only I

I and II

II and III

III and IV

I and IV

Açıklama:

Ethnic identities are still the main factor in determining political preferences, especially in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Macedonia. People vote for a political party that represents their ethnicity. There are very few political parties in these countries that represent the entire population.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 34

Which of the below countries is the oldest member of the EU?

Bulgaria

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Greece

Albania

Macedonia

Açıklama:

Greece, the oldest EU member of the Balkans, has a fragile economy that could trigger a new euro crisis for the European Central Bank at any time, while in the Aegean and Eastern Mediterranean also escalating conflicts with neighbouring Turkey.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 35

Which of the below is NOT one of the conflicting countries match according to the British Saferworld organization report in April 2012?

Kosovo - Montenegro

Serbia - Croatia

Kosovo - Serbia

Montenegro - Serbia

Bosnia and Herzegovina - Croatia

Açıklama:

Some regional NGOs under the umbrella of the British Saferworld organization submitted a report in April 2012 examining the impact of existing borders on the lives of people living along the borders of the Western Balkans. This report indicates a number of conflict issues between Kosovo- Montenegro, Kosovo -Serbia, Montenegro -Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina - Croatia that create problems in the life of the people and in border crossings.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 36

Which two countries are the most recent examples of the international protection model in the Balkans?

Serbia and Croatia

Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia

Croatia and Bulgaria

Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo

Yugoslavia and Croatia

Açıklama:

Since both Bosnia and Kosovo could not have a strong central structure and were divided among ethnic elements, it was easier for Western powers to seize and maintain control in these countries. Today, the most recent examples of the international protection model in the Balkans are Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 37

Which of the below is one of the potential candidate country to the EU?

Kosovo

Macedonia

Albania

Slovenia

Croatia

Açıklama:

Figure 7.4 EU Integration Process of Western Balkans on page 180

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 38

Which country's EU membership was considered a success since it was the first regional representative and the first country to enter the post-conflict Union?

Bulgaria

Croatia

Kosovo

Serbia

Albania

Açıklama:

Croatia’s EU membership was a significant success, as it was the first regional representative and the first country to enter the post-conflict Union.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 39

Where was Camp Bondsteel, the largest US military base outside the US, built in?

Serbia

Croatia

Kosovo

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bulgaria

Açıklama:

Camp Bondsteel, the largest US military base outside the US, has been built in Kosovo since the Vietnam War.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 40

Which of the below is one of China’s most important allies in the Balkans?

Greece

Croatia

Kosovo

Serbia

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Açıklama:

Currently, one of China’s most important allies in the Balkans is Serbia. In August 2009, Serbian President Boris Tadic went to China and a strategic cooperation agreement was signed between the two countries.

Doğru Cevap: D

Ünite 8

Soru 1

When was the Pact of Balkan Entente signed?

1930

1934

1941

1937

1953

Açıklama:

After several years of conferences and multilateral negotiations, the Pact of Balkan Entente was signed on February 9, 1934.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 2

What was the main outcome of both Pact of Balkan Entente and Saadabat Pact for Turkey?

Security of borders

Prevention of immigrants

Ensure trading with member states

Provide humanitarian aid

Acceptance as a member to NATO

Açıklama:

It can be argued that thanks to both agreements, it was tried to secure the borders for the upcoming World War II.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 3

Among which countries was Saadabat Pact signed?

Greece, Yugoslavia and Romania

Turkey, Germany and Italy

Turkey, Iran, Iraq and Afghanistan

Bulgaria, Greece, Romania, Turkey and Yugoslavia

Bulgaria, Greece, Albania and Turkey

Açıklama:

The Saadabad Pact, a few years after the Pact of Balkan Entente, was signed by Turkey, Iran, Iraq and Afghanistan in 1937.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 4

Which of the following is considered to be the first to address the Straits question?

Balkan Entente Pact

Balkan Pact

Saadabad Pact

Treaty of Friendship and Neutrality

Marshall Plan

Açıklama:

With the Pact of Balkan Entente, it can be argued that the first achievement of Turkish foreign policy was the Straits question. Turkey’s demands on straits, was responded positively by the Balkan countries of Bulgaria (not a member of the pact), Greece, Yugoslavia, Romania and in 1936 the Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Straits signed and came into force.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 5

Which of the following three states predominated Turkey’s Balkan policy during the Cold War?

Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia, and Croatia

Montenegro, Albania and Italy

Macedonia, Slovenia and Kosovo

Greece, Yugoslavia, and Romania

Bulgaria, Greece and Yugoslavia

Açıklama:

During the Cold War, three states in the region predominated in Turkey’s Balkan policy: Bulgaria, Greece and Yugoslavia

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 6

Which of the following are among the reasons for Turkey’s foreign policy change towards the Balkans in the 1990s?

The dissolution of Yugoslavia
The Gulf War
The dissolution of USSR
Rapprochement between Greece and Syria

I, II

I, III

I, II, III, IV

I, II, III

I, III, IV

Açıklama:

Turkey chose to act cautiously in foreign policy towards the Balkans in the early 1990s. Thee dissolution of Yugoslavia was not the only development related to the period, military intervention of the USA in Iraq (The Gulf War) and after the dissolution of the USSR and the establishment of new states in Central Asia and the Caucasus also affected its foreign policy. Rapprochement between Greece and Syria was also effective.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 7

Which of the following reflect the views of the member countries during the dissolution of Yugoslavia?

Slovenia and Croatia wanted independence
Serbia and Montenegro defended the idea of a federation
Bosnia-Herzegovina and Macedonia wanted to the continuation of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

I only

I and II

II and III

I and III

I, II and III

Açıklama:

While Slovenia and Croatia were seeking to gain their independence and become Central European states, Serbia and Montenegro defended the idea of a federation, but Bosnia and Herzegovina and Macedonia wanted to the continuation of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, hesitating from the Serbian sovereignty.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 8

What is the purpose of SEECP?

to bring lasting stability in South East Europe

to restore the Ottoman legacy in the Balkans

to help states that gained their independence in the 1990s

to highlight the importance of Turkey in the Balkans

to increase the volume of trade with the Balkan states

Açıklama:

South East European Cooperation Process (SEECP) that brings together Turkey, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Republic of Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Greece, Croatia, Moldova and Montenegro is a symbol of the common will of the countries of the region to improve cooperation among themselves and to bring lasting stability in South East Europe.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 9

Among the Balkan countries, which of the following made Romania Turkey's highest importer in 2019?

organic food

white goods

furniture

cars

produce

Açıklama:

The country with the highest import was Romania. In 2019, approximately 140,000 cars of USA origin were produced in Romania, and approximately 350,000 vehicles were produced from the automobile brand that was originally from Romania and acquired by a French brand (Romania-Insider, 2020). Because especially the French automobile brand, it is one of the most in-demand options in Turkey.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 10

Which of the following country is NOT a member of the European Union Customs Union?

Bulgaria

Croatia

Greece

Slovenia

Montenegro

Açıklama:

Turkey is also a member of the customs union that includes Bulgaria, Croatia, Romania, Slovenia and Greece.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 11

Which of the following is the first sign that the Ottoman Empire will lose land in the Balkan geography?

The Greek uprising

The Serbian uprising

The Jewish uprising

The Armenian uprising

The Kurdish uprising

Açıklama:

The Ottoman Empire, were effective at this point. The Serbian uprisings that started in the early 1800s and the uprisings that broke out in the Peloponnese in the following years were the first signals of the Ottoman loss of the Balkan geography. p.208
The answer is B.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 12

While the idea of Ottomanism was defended against independence movement in the Balkans, which idea was defended against possible independence movements in the Arabian Peninsula and North Africa?

Nationalism

Turkism

Islamism

Fascism

Totalitarism

Açıklama:

While Ottomanism was defended against independence movements in the Balkans, then the idea of Islamism was defended against possible independence movements in the Arabian Peninsula and North Africa. p.208
The answer is islamism.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 13

During the Cold War, in the international system that was separated into two as East and West. Turkey preferred to be next to the Western bloc. Which of the following cannot be the reason of Turkey was next to the western bloc?

The Truman Doctrine

The Marshall Plan

Soviets requesting bases in the Straits

Establisment of the Balkan States

USSR's settlement in the Balkans

Açıklama:

During the Cold War, in the international system that was separated into two as East and West, Turkey, with its general
stance, was next to the Western bloc. Undoubtedly, the Truman Doctrine dated 1947, the Marshall Plan
(the European Recovery Program) and the USSR had an impact on this choice. The risks and threats posed
by the USSR were both due to their demand for bases in the Straits and their settlement in Central Europe
and the Balkans (Armaoğlu, 2020, 153). Also in 1944 and 1945 Turkey - USSR period was defined as the
most problematic in terms of relationships, it was expressed that previously signed by the USSR the Treaty
of Friendship and Neutrality (Non-Aggression) Pact was abolished (Turan, 2005, 75). p. 215
D şıkkı direkt olarak Batı bloğunu seçmede etkili olmamıştır.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 14

What was the most important reason for Turkey to take place next to the Western bloc in the Korean War?

USA enforcement

The Balkan Pact

The Cold War

The USSR threat

Korea's request

Açıklama:

... the most important reason for Turkey to take place next to the Western bloc in the Korean War was the USSR threat... p. 216

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 15

After dissolution of the USSR in 1991, the bipolar world order was replaced by a new unipolar order. According to this explanation which of the following statement is false?

The inadequacy of the capacity of international organizations was realized

Micro-nationalism became a risk factor for international security

The importance of Turkey increased in Balkans

The tendency to regionalization has increased

New power centers started to arise

Açıklama:

With the collapse of socialist regimes in 1989 and the dissolution of the USSR in 1991, the Warsaw Treaty Organization was dissolved, and
the bipolar world order was replaced by a new unipolar order (Bağbaşlıoğlu, 2018, 7). In this new unipolar period, new power centers also
started to arise, the tendency to regionalization has increased, while micro-nationalism became a risk factor for international security, the inadequacy of the capacity of organizations such as the UN to ensure peace and security was realized (Sarınay, 2000, 875).p.220
C is false statement and correct answer.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 16

Turkey chose to act cautiously in foreign policy towards the Balkans in the early 1990s. In spite of this, which special occasion were not affected the foreign policy of Turkey?

Yugoslavia’s balancing policy during the Cold War

The establishment of new states in Central Asia

Military intervention of the USA in Iraq

The dissolution of Yugoslavia

The effect of USSR’s dissolution

Açıklama:

In spite of this, the effect of USSR’s dissolution was observed especially in its domestic policies and political discourses. The dissolution of Yugoslavia was not the only development related to the period, military intervention of the USA in Iraq (The Gulf War) and after the dissolution of the USSR and the establishment of new states in Central Asia...
during the Cold War Yugoslavia’s balancing policy for Greece and Bulgaria in the region, Turkey did not take any attempt, regarding the dissolution of Yugoslavia.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 17

Which of the following is not correct about the Turkey's foreign policy in 2000s?

The Turkish Cooperation and Coordination Agency (TİKA) has become an important actor

Turkish Airlines has been shown as an instrument in the public diplomacy of Turkish foreign policy

Some peaceful activities were presented of the Turkish Armed Forces

Maximizing the problems with neighboring countries

Steps were taken to become a regional power and model state

Açıklama:

"Maximizing the problems with neighboring countries" is not correct "minimazing the problems..." are correct.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 18

Which of the following country is the counterparty of Turkey in the issue of Western Thrace Turks?

Albania

Croatia

Bulgaria

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Greece

Açıklama:

In the bilateral relations with Greece in the 2000s, more than one issue was determinant as in previous periods. One of them is the Western Thrace Turks issue.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 19

Which of the following is not one of the instruments of soft power of Turkey?

Televisions series

Culturel activities of Yunus Emre Institutes

Activities of TIKA

THY flights to many countries in Balkan geography

NATO membership of Turkey

Açıklama:

NATo memberhip is not soft power policy isntruments.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 20

Which of the following country is the counterparty of Turkey in the Aegean Sea issue which has been the source of the main problems of the two countries?

Bulgaria

Albania

Kosovo

Serbia

Greece

Açıklama:

The Aegean Sea has been the source of the main problems of the two countries. p.231 under the title of Problems with Greece.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 21

How are the Balkans referred to in European literature?

Middle Europe

East Europe

Southeast Europe

Southern Europe

Old Europe

Açıklama:

According to our textbook, the Balkans are referred to as Southeast Europe in European literature.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 22

Against the idea of nationalism that emerged after the French Revolution of 1789, which idea gave way to the policy of accepting different groups as one nation on Ottoman soil and bringing them together on a common ground?

Islamism

Ottomanism

Turkism

Imperialism

Post Nationalism

Açıklama:

Against the idea of nationalism that emerged after the French Revolution of 1789, the policy of accepting different groups as one nation (Ottoman Nation) and bringing them together on a common ground is called Ottomanism.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 23

When did the first Balkan War end?

1911

1915

1918

1877

1913

Açıklama:

The First Balkan War (1912-1913)
The First Balkan War ended in1913.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 24

When was the Pact of Balkan Entente signed?

1930

1931

1932

1933

1934

Açıklama:

The Pact of Balkan Entente was signed on February 9, 1934.
The Pact of Balkan Entente was signed in 1934.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 25

Which Balkan Conference was held in October 1931 in Istanbul?

First Balkan Conference

Second Balkan Conference

Third Balkan Conference

Fourth Balkan Conference

Fifth Balkan Conference

Açıklama:

The Second Balkan Conference, October 1931, Istanbul
The Second Balkan Conference was held in İstanbul in October 1931.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 26

When was the Saadabad Pact signed by Turkey, Iran, Iraq and Afghanistan?

1937

1938

1939

1940

1941

Açıklama:

The Saadabad Pact, a few years after the Pact of Balkan Entente, was signed by Turkey, Iran, Iraq and Afghanistan in 1937.
The Saadabad Pact, was signed by Turkey, Iran, Iraq and Afghanistan in 1937.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 27

When was the Convention Concerning the Exchange of Greek and Turkish Populations and Protocol signed?

1924

1923

1922

1921

1920

Açıklama:

The Convention Concerning the Exchange of Greek and Turkish Populations and Protocol signed in 1923.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 28

Because of the Convention Concerning the Exchange of Greek and Turkish Populations and Protocol signed in 1923, how many immigrants were emigrated to Greece?

2000

20,000

200,000

2,000,000

20,000,000

Açıklama:

Because of the Convention Concerning the Exchange of Greek and Turkish Populations and Protocol signed in 1923, 200,000 immigrants were emigrated to Greece and 350,000 immigrants were allowed from Greece.
Because of the Convention Concerning the Exchange of Greek and Turkish Populations and Protocol signed in 1923, 200,000 immigrants were emigrated to Greece.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 29

During the Cold War, which states in the Balkans predominated in Turkey’s Balkan policy?

Bulgaria and Yugoslavia

Greece and Yugoslavia

Bulgaria, Greece and Yugoslavia

Romania and Bulgaria

Romania, Greece and Yugoslavia

Açıklama:

During the Cold War, three states in the region predominated in Turkey’s Balkan policy: Bulgaria, Greece and Yugoslavia.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 30

When did Greece and Turkey become a member of NATO?

1950

1951

1952

1953

1954

Açıklama:

Greece and Turkey became a member in 1952.

Doğru Cevap: C

The Balkans (ENG) - Tüm Sorular

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