Introductıon to Busıness (ENG) - Tüm Sorular
Ünite 1
Soru 1
A/an .......... is an individual who starts a business and risks losses (in terms of money, time and reputation) for profits.
Which of the following completes the sentence above?
Which of the following completes the sentence above?
Seçenekler
A
Business
B
Entrepreneur
C
Stakeholder
D
Profit
E
Supplier
Açıklama:
An entrepreneur is an individual who starts a business and risks losses (in terms of money, time and reputation) for profits. Therefore, profits are the rewards entrepreneurs receive for producing goods and services that consumers
want.
want.
Soru 2
Which of the following functions involves activities to create, communicate, deliver and exchange offerings that have value for customers?
Seçenekler
A
Human resources function
B
Marketing function
C
Production function
D
Finance function
E
Accounting function
Açıklama:
According to the American Marketing Association, the marketing function involves activities to create, communicate, deliver and exchange offerings that have value for customers. This function provides customer service and customer support including advertising to potential customers.
Soru 3
Which of the following functions is necessary for firms to develop new and innovative products to meet customers’ needs or to exceed their expectations?
Seçenekler
A
Research and development function
B
Production or manufacturing function
C
Marketing function
D
Finance function
E
Human resources function
Açıklama:
The research and development function is necessary for firms to develop new and innovative products to meet customers’ needs or to exceed their expectations. Many firms are also involved with using new technologies such as the use of information and communications technology and the Internet in their
operations.
operations.
Soru 4
Which type of business serves the whole country?
Seçenekler
A
Local business
B
Regional business
C
National business
D
International business
E
Multinational business
Açıklama:
National business serves the whole country.
Soru 5
Which of the following is not a major force of the environment?
Seçenekler
A
Economic environment
B
Technological environment
C
Legal and political environment
D
Educational environment
E
Social environment
Açıklama:
There are six major forces of the environment: the economic environment, the technological environment, the legal and political environment, the social environment, and the global environment.
Soru 6
.............. refers to giving an employee or a team the power, information, responsibility and accountability to do the job well.
Which of the following completes the sentence above?
Which of the following completes the sentence above?
Seçenekler
A
Social environment
B
Legal environment
C
E-commerce
D
Productivity
E
Empowerment
Açıklama:
Empowerment refers to giving an employee or a team the power, information,
responsibility and accountability to do the job well.
responsibility and accountability to do the job well.
Soru 7
Which of the following factors of production includes crowdfunding?
Seçenekler
A
Labor
B
Information resources
C
Financial capital
D
Entrepreneurship
E
Natural and physical resources
Açıklama:
Financial capital refers to money or funds used to create and operate a business. It can come from one’s personal savings, from friends and family, via business loans, from investors and through other forms of fund-raising such as crowdfunding.
Soru 8
Private enterprise under the free-market system requires the existence of four conditions. Which option is not among these conditions?
Seçenekler
A
Centralized government
B
Private property
C
Freedom of choice
D
Profits
E
Fair competition
Açıklama:
Private enterprise under the free-market system requires the existence of four
conditions:
• Private property - individuals have the right to own private property and resources that are used to create wealth.
• Freedom of choice - employees can work where they choose, consumers can buy what they want, and firms can hire people and produce what they choose.
• Profits - owners can keep the profits for themselves as rewards for taking risks.
• Fair competition - free and fair competition is the basis for a free-market system to operate efficiently.
conditions:
• Private property - individuals have the right to own private property and resources that are used to create wealth.
• Freedom of choice - employees can work where they choose, consumers can buy what they want, and firms can hire people and produce what they choose.
• Profits - owners can keep the profits for themselves as rewards for taking risks.
• Fair competition - free and fair competition is the basis for a free-market system to operate efficiently.
Soru 9
The amount of a product supplied will increase as the price rises; and if the price drops then less of the product will be supplied.
Which of the following is the concept defined above?
Which of the following is the concept defined above?
Seçenekler
A
Demand
B
Substitute products
C
Law of supply
D
Fair competition
E
Privatization
Açıklama:
The law of supply - the amount of a product supplied will increase as the price
rises; and if the price drops then less of the product will be supplied.
rises; and if the price drops then less of the product will be supplied.
Soru 10
Which of the following is not true for Gross domestic product (GDP)?
Seçenekler
A
A rising GDP indicates that businesses are not doing well.
B
GDP per capita reflects the standard of living.
C
Nominal GDP is stated in today’s currency value and at current prices.
D
Real GDP is GDP adjusted for price changes.
E
Real economic growth rate is expressed as a percentage.
Açıklama:
A rising GDP indicates that businesses are doing well.
Soru 11
Which of the following is not among the major stakeholders of a business?
Seçenekler
A
Suppliers
B
Customers
C
Competitors
D
Investors
E
Employees
Açıklama:
Stakeholders are the groups of people that have a stake in or are affected by the decisions, activities and policies made by an organization. Major organizational stakeholders are owners (shareholder/ stockholders), customers, employees, investors, suppliers and communities.
Competitors are not necessarily affected by decisions of a business organization. Thus, the correct answer is C.
Competitors are not necessarily affected by decisions of a business organization. Thus, the correct answer is C.
Soru 12
A pizza restaurant that has a few outlets operating in South Italy constitutes an example of --------------------------------------.
Which of the following completes the sentence above?
Which of the following completes the sentence above?
Seçenekler
A
Local business
B
Regional business
C
National business
D
International business
E
Global business
Açıklama:
A local business operates in a limited geographical area such as a town or a city while a regional business serves a larger area such as the southern or eastern part of a country. A national business operates across the whole country, and an international or multinational business operates in more than one countries.
Therefore, a pizza restaurant with outlets in a certain region of a country constitutes an example of a regional business.
The correct answer is B.
Therefore, a pizza restaurant with outlets in a certain region of a country constitutes an example of a regional business.
The correct answer is B.
Soru 13
Beef is not accepted in the Asian market and countries like India while pork is not accepted in the Middle Eastern countries. Thus, global food chains have to offer customized menu options respecting the local preferences.
Which of the following business environments explains this attitude of the food chain?
Which of the following business environments explains this attitude of the food chain?
Seçenekler
A
Economic environment
B
Technological environment
C
Market environment
D
Legal environment
E
Social environment
Açıklama:
The social environment refers to the trends and forces in a society under which all businesses operate. Its elements include demographic factors, customs and values, and social and economic movements of the society.
Thus, the food chain in the example considers social environment conditions when deciding not to offer beef in Asia and pork in the Middle East. The correct answer is E.
Thus, the food chain in the example considers social environment conditions when deciding not to offer beef in Asia and pork in the Middle East. The correct answer is E.
Soru 14
A firm should offer products that have certain level of quality, at reasonable prices along with good customer service compared to its competitors’ products and customer service. Firms should also establish close relationships with their suppliers. Firms need to be able to compete effectively and to distinguish themselves from their competitors to drive enough revenues for their survival and to prosper.
Which of the following external environments is linked with the statement given above?
Which of the following external environments is linked with the statement given above?
Seçenekler
A
Economic environment
B
Technological environment
C
Market environment
D
Social environment
E
Global environment
Açıklama:
Every firm operates within a particular market environment in which revenues are obtained. In the market environment, companies interact with customers, employees, suppliers and competitors. Customers expect to receive value from a firm’s products. This means that a firm should offer products that have certain level of quality, at reasonable prices along with good customer service compared to its competitors’ products and customer service. Companies should establish close relationships with their suppliers because product quality, price and timeliness of delivery depend on material resources provided by suppliers.
Employees are very important in helping firms to become more effective. Frontline workers (those who have direct contacts with customers such as salespeople) should be given responsibility, authority, and freedom to do their jobs in order to quickly meet customers’ needs and expectations, i.e. to empower employees. In the market environment, firms need to be able to compete effectively and to distinguish themselves from their competitors to drive enough revenues for their survival and to prosper.
The correct answer is C.
Employees are very important in helping firms to become more effective. Frontline workers (those who have direct contacts with customers such as salespeople) should be given responsibility, authority, and freedom to do their jobs in order to quickly meet customers’ needs and expectations, i.e. to empower employees. In the market environment, firms need to be able to compete effectively and to distinguish themselves from their competitors to drive enough revenues for their survival and to prosper.
The correct answer is C.
Soru 15
It rises during economic downturns as businesses cut back their workforce. It declines during periods of economic growth when firms begin to hire again.
Which of the following types of unemployment is defined in the statement given above?
Which of the following types of unemployment is defined in the statement given above?
Seçenekler
A
Cyclical unemployment
B
Frictional unemployment
C
Seasonal unemployment
D
Structural unemployment
E
Global unemployment
Açıklama:
Cyclical unemployment occurs due to the business cycle, i.e. economic fluctuations. It rises during economic downturns as businesses cut back their workforce. It declines during periods of economic growth when firms begin to hire again.
The correct answer is A.
The correct answer is A.
Soru 16
Apple iOS and Google Android dominate smartphone operating systems, while computer operating systems are overshadowed by Apple and Windows.
Which of the following types of business competition explains the above example?
Which of the following types of business competition explains the above example?
Seçenekler
A
Market competition
B
Pure competition
C
Monopolistic competition
D
Monopoly
E
Oligopoly
Açıklama:
An industry where only a few suppliers exist, each with a large share of the market, is called an oligopoly market. Typically, these firms are fairly large, and often require a high investment of financial capital to enter the market. Therefore, entry into the market is restricted.
The correct answer is E.
The correct answer is E.
Soru 17
Which of the following information about small businesses is not correct?
Seçenekler
A
A small business is independently owned and operated and not dominant in its field of operation.
B
We can measure the size of a small business according to the number of employees or its monetary value.
C
Small business flexibility tends to favor innovations in terms of new products or introducing new business processes or methods.
D
Small businesses provide goods and services to other small and large companies.
E
Small businesses constitute only a small proportion of all enterprises in most countries.
Açıklama:
Small businesses are very important to most economies, even in advanced economies like the U.S. and the U.K. For example, 99.7% of the U.S. firms are considered to be small businesses in 2012 (less than 500 employees). In Turkey, 99.8% of all enterprises in Turkey are made up of SMEs or those with less than 250 employees which employ more than 73% of the workforce. Thus, small businesses constitute the majority of all enterprises in most economies.
The correct answer is E.
The correct answer is E.
Soru 18
Ali and Yasemin decide to open a baking store that is named A&Y Bakery. They are both general partners in the bakery. Ali takes care of logistics and purchasing orders while Yasemin oversees the store operations. The income generated by the business is split between Ali and Yasemin. At the same time, Ali and Yasemin are equally responsible for any losses incurred by the store.
Which of the following form of business ownership is defined in the above example?
Which of the following form of business ownership is defined in the above example?
Seçenekler
A
General partnership
B
Commandite company
C
Joint stock company
D
Public corporation
E
Limited liability company
Açıklama:
A general partnership means that the partners can invest equal or unequal sums of money but are equally liable for the debts and obligations incurred by the firm’s operations.
The correct answer is A.
The correct answer is A.
Soru 19
------------------------- is the concerns and obligations businesses have for the welfare of their stakeholders and the larger society. This goes beyond being ethical, beyond what is required by law and beyond the pursuit of profits. The obligations of businesses are often described by their commitments to various stakeholders such as customers, employees, investors and communities.
Which of the following terms related to ethics is defined above?
Which of the following terms related to ethics is defined above?
Seçenekler
A
Corporate social responsibility
B
Code of ethics
C
Conflict of interest
D
Consumerism
E
Common good approach
Açıklama:
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is the concerns and obligations businesses have for the welfare of their stakeholders and the larger society. CSR goes beyond being ethical, beyond what is required by law and beyond the pursuit of profits. The obligations of businesses are often described by their commitments to various stakeholders such as customers, employees, investors and communities.
The correct answer is A.
The correct answer is A.
Soru 20
A high-level employee overhears a talk between managers about a merger, and aware of its market impact, he buys the shares of the company in his father’s account. This constitutes an example of -------------------------- in business.
Which of the following terms best describes the above case?
Which of the following terms best describes the above case?
Seçenekler
A
Whistleblowing
B
Collusion
C
Philanthropic activity
D
Insider trading
E
Operations-driven CSR
Açıklama:
Insider trading involves the use of private or special company information for financial gains, often in the form of buying or selling of stocks.
The correct answer is D.
The correct answer is D.
Soru 21
What is the main aim of a business?
Seçenekler
A
Make customers happy
B
Pay taxes and help government budget
C
Make profit by selling products
D
Complete humanitarian tasks
E
Create an opportunity for unemployed people
Açıklama:
THE CONCEPTS OF BUSINESS
A business is any organization that provides goods or services to satisfy customers’ needs and wants for a profit.
A business is any organization that provides goods or services to satisfy customers’ needs and wants for a profit.
Soru 22
What is the correct term for individuals that start businesses and risk losses against profits?
Seçenekler
A
Entrepreneurs
B
Stakeholders
C
Customers
D
Investors
E
Suppliers
Açıklama:
THE CONCEPTS OF BUSINESS
An entrepreneur is an individual who starts a business and risks losses (in terms of money, time and reputation) for profits. Therefore, profits are the rewards entrepreneurs receive for producing goods and services that consumers want.
An entrepreneur is an individual who starts a business and risks losses (in terms of money, time and reputation) for profits. Therefore, profits are the rewards entrepreneurs receive for producing goods and services that consumers want.
Soru 23
Which of the followings does not belong to the group of major stakeholders?
Seçenekler
A
Investors
B
Customers
C
Employees
D
Communities
E
Entrepreneurs
Açıklama:
THE CONCEPTS OF BUSINESS
An entrepreneur is an individual who starts a business and risks losses (in terms of money, time and reputation) for profits. Therefore, profits are the rewards entrepreneurs receive for producing goods and services that consumers want. Stockholders or shareholders own a part of a company through ownership of a company’s stocks or shares. Owners benefit from profits while shareholders receive dividends.
An entrepreneur is an individual who starts a business and risks losses (in terms of money, time and reputation) for profits. Therefore, profits are the rewards entrepreneurs receive for producing goods and services that consumers want. Stockholders or shareholders own a part of a company through ownership of a company’s stocks or shares. Owners benefit from profits while shareholders receive dividends.
Soru 24
I. Resources
II. Customers
III. Markets
Which of the above terms cause a rivalry among firms in terms of competition?
II. Customers
III. Markets
Which of the above terms cause a rivalry among firms in terms of competition?
Seçenekler
A
Only I
B
Only III
C
I and II
D
II and III
E
I, II and III
Açıklama:
THE CONCEPTS OF BUSINESS
Keep in mind that other firms are also trying to sell their products and services, often to the same groups of customers. The result is competition among those firms. Competition is the rivalry among businesses for the same resources, customers or markets
Keep in mind that other firms are also trying to sell their products and services, often to the same groups of customers. The result is competition among those firms. Competition is the rivalry among businesses for the same resources, customers or markets
Soru 25
I. Innovation
II. Customer services
III. Education
Which of the above make competition desirable for businesses?
II. Customer services
III. Education
Which of the above make competition desirable for businesses?
Seçenekler
A
Only I
B
Only III
C
I and II
D
II and III
E
I, II and III
Açıklama:
THE CONCEPTS OF BUSINESS
Innovation:
With several companies competing to win over customers, a firm can succeed with innovative products. Innovation can come from technology, product modifications or by improving customer experience. Further, firms would need to consistently better themselves and to encourage employees to push themselves also.
Customer Service:
If a product on offer is similar from one firm to the next, each firm is forced to improve customer service to compete.
Education:
Competitors can teach each other about the business, the state of the markets and what does and does not work in the marketplace.
Innovation:
With several companies competing to win over customers, a firm can succeed with innovative products. Innovation can come from technology, product modifications or by improving customer experience. Further, firms would need to consistently better themselves and to encourage employees to push themselves also.
Customer Service:
If a product on offer is similar from one firm to the next, each firm is forced to improve customer service to compete.
Education:
Competitors can teach each other about the business, the state of the markets and what does and does not work in the marketplace.
Soru 26
Which of the followings is not a business type?
Seçenekler
A
Local business
B
Regional business
C
International business
D
National business
E
Home-type business
Açıklama:
Types of Businesses
One important characteristic of a business is its type. The differences between them reflect their differing goals and concerns while they would face different kinds of challenges because of differences in business scope. These are; Local business, Regional business, International business and National business. In general, we can define a local business as the ones that serve a limited geographical area and rely on local consumers.
One important characteristic of a business is its type. The differences between them reflect their differing goals and concerns while they would face different kinds of challenges because of differences in business scope. These are; Local business, Regional business, International business and National business. In general, we can define a local business as the ones that serve a limited geographical area and rely on local consumers.
Soru 27
Which of the followings is not a major function of a business?
Seçenekler
A
Human resources
B
Marketing
C
Finance
D
Research and development
E
Environment
Açıklama:
Major Functional Areas in a Business
In a typical business, there are five major activities or functions. Human Resources or HR, Marketing and Sales, Production, Manufacturing, or Research and Development, and Finance and Accounting areas.
In a typical business, there are five major activities or functions. Human Resources or HR, Marketing and Sales, Production, Manufacturing, or Research and Development, and Finance and Accounting areas.
Soru 28
Which of the followings is not a major force of business environment?
Seçenekler
A
Economic environment
B
Technological environment
C
Market environment
D
Physical environment
E
Social environment
Açıklama:
THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTS OF BUSINESS
Economic environment, Technological environment, Market environment, and Social environment
Economic environment, Technological environment, Market environment, and Social environment
Soru 29
I. Labor
II. Entrepreneurship
III. Financial capital
Which of the above is a factor of production?
II. Entrepreneurship
III. Financial capital
Which of the above is a factor of production?
Seçenekler
A
Only I
B
Only II
C
Only III
D
I and II
E
I, II and III
Açıklama:
The Factors of Production
Businesses focus on five essential elements of the factors of production: labor, natural and physical resources, financial capital, entrepreneurship, and information resources.
Businesses focus on five essential elements of the factors of production: labor, natural and physical resources, financial capital, entrepreneurship, and information resources.
Soru 30
What is the correct term to describe the situation where the quantity demanded is larger than the quantity supplied?
Seçenekler
A
Shortage
B
Surplus
C
Price
D
Equilibrium
E
Substitute
Açıklama:
Forces of Demand and Supply
A shortage is when quantity demanded is larger than quantity supplied.
A shortage is when quantity demanded is larger than quantity supplied.
Soru 31
A healthy and successful business climate contributes to the quality of people’s lives.Therefore, businesses are one of the critical elements that contribute to the ________? Which of the following concepts completes the sentence best?
Seçenekler
A
Public safety
B
General Public
C
Standard of living
D
Economic system
E
Country’s infrastructure
Açıklama:
A healthy and successful business climate contributes to the quality of people’s lives. Therefore, businesses are one of the critical elements that contribute to our standard of living. Doğru cevap C’dir.
Soru 32
Which of the following is not one of the types of businesses?
Seçenekler
A
Local business
B
Regional business
C
National business
D
Continental business
E
Multinational business
Açıklama:
Continental business is not one of the type of businesses. Doğru cevap D’dir.
Soru 33
There are five major functions in a business. Which one of the following is not one of these functions?
Seçenekler
A
Human resources function
B
Marketing function
C
Advertising function
D
Manufacturing function
E
Accounting function
Açıklama:
Advertising function is not a major function in a business. Doğru cevap C’dir.
Soru 34
Which of the following is not one of the external environments of business?
Seçenekler
A
Economic environment
B
Social environment
C
Legal environment
D
Ecological environment
E
Global environment
Açıklama:
There are six major forces of the environment: the economic environment, the technological environment, the legal and political environment, the social environment, and the global environment. Doğru cevap D’dir.
Soru 35
_________ is an economic system characterized by government control and ownership of selected key industries that are vital to the economy. Which of the following concepts completes the definition best?
Seçenekler
A
Socialism
B
Communism
C
Capitalism
D
Market
E
Entrepreneurship
Açıklama:
Socialism is an economic system characterized by government control and ownership of selected key industries that are vital to the economy. Doğru cevap A’dir.
Soru 36
Private enterprise under the free-market system requires the existence of four conditions. Which of the following is not one of these conditions?
Seçenekler
A
Private property
B
Social security
C
Feedom of choice
D
Fair competition
E
Profits
Açıklama:
Social security is not one of these conditions. Doğru cevap B’dir.
Soru 37
Which of the following is not one of the determinants of demand?
Seçenekler
A
Price of the product and service
B
Income of buyers
C
Expectations concerning future market conditions
D
Demographic characteristics such as age and gender
E
Taste or preferences of buyers
Açıklama:
Expectations concerning future market conditions are the determinants of supply. Doğru cevap C’dir.
Soru 38
________ occurs when people lose their jobs when an industry experiences some changes such that employees’ skills are outdated. Which of the following concepts completes the sentence best ?
Seçenekler
A
Frictional unemployment
B
Structural unemployment
C
Cyclical unemployment
D
Seasonal unemployment
E
Temporary unemployment
Açıklama:
Structural unemployment occurs when people lose their jobs when an industry experiences structural changes such that employees’ skills are outdated. Doğru cevap B’dir.
Soru 39
We can use five sources of ethical standards to help us make good ethical decisions as suggested by the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics. Which of the following is not one of the sources of ethical standards?
Seçenekler
A
The Utilitarian Approach
B
The Fairness or Justice Approach
C
The Corporate Approach
D
The Common Good Approach
E
The Virtue Approach
Açıklama:
The Corporate Approach is not one of the sources of ethical standards. Doğru cevap C’dir.
Soru 40
Free-market systems with the existence of private enterprises must rely on various types of competition. Four degrees of business competition are identified. Which of the following is not one of them?
Seçenekler
A
Pure competition
B
Oligopoly
C
Monopolistic competition
D
Monopoly
E
Fair competition
Açıklama:
Fair competition is not one of the four degrees of business competition. Doğru cevap E’dir.
Soru 41
Profits are earned when _______________________.
Seçenekler
A
a firm doesn't pay out any money to labor.
B
a firm gets larger revenues than expenses.
C
a firm brings in less money than its expenses.
D
the expenses exceed revenues.
E
the firm experiences a loss in raw materials.
Açıklama:
Profits are earned when a firm gets larger revenues (the money it brings in from the sales of its goods and services) than expenses (the money it pays out to labor, raw materials and others). If the expenses exceed revenues then the firm experiences a loss.
Soru 42
- Health care
- Wages and salaries
- Retirement
- Taxes
Seçenekler
A
I and II
B
Only II
C
I and III
D
I, II and III
E
I,II,III and IV
Açıklama:
A successful business not only generates income from its sales for the owner(s), it also employs working people with wages and salaries and other potential benefits such as health care, training and retirement.
Soru 43
_______________________ serves a larger area such as the Southern or Eastern part of a country.
Seçenekler
A
Local business
B
National business
C
International business
D
Multinational business
E
Regional business
Açıklama:
Regional businesses would serve a larger geographical area like Southern Turkey or the
Black Sea region.
Black Sea region.
Soru 44
Which one is about the social environment of the organizations?
Seçenekler
A
Global economy
B
Political conditions
C
International competition
D
Income distributions
E
Countries' exchange rate
Açıklama:
Te social environment refers to the trends and forces in a society under which all businesses operate. Its elements include demographic factors, customs and values, and social and economic movements of the society. Demographic characteristics such
as age, gender, lifestyles and income distributions, along with the values and norms acceptable to a society, impact organizations from what kinds of products to offer consumer to the ways in which they conduct their businesses.
as age, gender, lifestyles and income distributions, along with the values and norms acceptable to a society, impact organizations from what kinds of products to offer consumer to the ways in which they conduct their businesses.
Soru 45
_________________ is a political and economic system in which the centralized government owns and operates all of the factors of production.
Seçenekler
A
Communism
B
Capitalism
C
Socialism
D
Entrepreneurship
E
Free market system
Açıklama:
Communism is a political and economic system in which the centralized government owns and operates all of the factors of production. It would also make production and allocation decisions. Communism exists in very few countries in the world such as Cuba, North Korea and China.
Soru 46
Which one is true about Planned Economic Systems?
Seçenekler
A
They are owned by businesses and individuals.
B
Their decisions are made by businesses with some government involvement.
C
They are completely or partially owned by centralized government.
D
Their decisions are made by individuals and businesses.
E
Their focus is on a balance between private and public elements.
Açıklama:
Te government in a planned economy exerts a significant role in determining most or all of
the decisions regarding production and allocation of goods and services such as which products to
produce, how and how much. Te centralized government would also control most or all of
the factors of production. Examples of planned economic systems are communism and socialism.
the decisions regarding production and allocation of goods and services such as which products to
produce, how and how much. Te centralized government would also control most or all of
the factors of production. Examples of planned economic systems are communism and socialism.
Soru 47
The amount of a product supplied will increase as the price rises; and if the price drops then less of the product will be supplied. This is ____________________.
Seçenekler
A
The law of demand
B
Substitute products
C
The market price
D
The law of supply
E
Pure competition
Açıklama:
Generally, producers would offer more of a product for sale as the price increases because they can make more money and higher profits; and to offer less of the product at lower prices. This is based on the assumption that a producer’s aim is to make as much profit as possible, i.e. to maximize profits. So the amount of a product supplied will increase as the price rises; and if the price drops then less of the product will be supplied. This is the principle of the law of supply. The law of supply - the amount of a product supplied
will increase as the price rises; and if the price drops then less of the product will be supplied
will increase as the price rises; and if the price drops then less of the product will be supplied
Soru 48
_____________________ is independently owned and operated and not dominant in its field of operation with little influence in its market.
Seçenekler
A
Entrepreneur
B
Small business
C
Monopoly
D
Inflation
E
Job market
Açıklama:
Generally, a small business is independently owned and operated and not dominant in its field of operation with little influence in its market.We can measure the size according to the number of employees or the monetary value of a business such as its balance sheet total. Business size standard
varies widely according to the industry and geography.
varies widely according to the industry and geography.
Soru 49
Which one is about the importance of small businesses in terms of innovation?
Seçenekler
A
They are the main source of new jobs.
B
They introduce the new methods.
C
They are more flexible in terms of hiring.
D
They provide goods to other companies.
E
They engage in import of goods.
Açıklama:
Innovation. Small business flexibility also tends to favor innovations in terms of new products or introducing new business processes or methods. Te SBA reported that among high-patenting firms (15 or more patents in 4 years), small businesses had 16 times more patents per employee than large patenting firms in the U.S.39 During the past several years, small companies and individuals in the computer technology sector have made a very large impact not only on businesses but on larger societies as well, for
example, the invention of personal computers, the World Wide Web (WWW), Google search and Facebook to name a few.
example, the invention of personal computers, the World Wide Web (WWW), Google search and Facebook to name a few.
Soru 50
____________________is the concerns and obligations businesses have for the welfare of their stakeholders and the larger society.
Seçenekler
A
Code of ethics
B
Philanthropic
C
Price fixing
D
Corporate social responsibility
E
Whistleblower
Açıklama:
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is the concerns and obligations businesses have for the welfare of their stakeholders and the larger society.
CSR goes beyond being ethical, beyond what is required by law and beyond the pursuit of profits. Te obligations of businesses are often described by
their commitments to various stakeholders such as customers, employees, investors and communities.
CSR goes beyond being ethical, beyond what is required by law and beyond the pursuit of profits. Te obligations of businesses are often described by
their commitments to various stakeholders such as customers, employees, investors and communities.
Soru 51
Which one of the following terms refers to a business that delivers to other businesses?
Seçenekler
A
Entrepreneur
B
Stakeholders
C
Suppliere
D
Investors
E
Communities
Açıklama:
Suppliers are businesses that supply material resources or services to other businesses.
Soru 52
The degree of available material aspects for a person is started as ................ .
Which one of the followings is suitable for the blank?
Which one of the followings is suitable for the blank?
Seçenekler
A
Innovation
B
Educatin
C
Customer service
D
Standart of living
E
Local business
Açıklama:
Standard of living is the degree of wealth and material aspects available to a person, a family or groups of people in an economic system.
Soru 53
- Local business serves a limited area.
- Regional business operates in more than one country.
- National business serves the whole country.
Seçenekler
A
Onlı I
B
Only II
C
I and II
D
II and III
E
I and III
Açıklama:
Regional businesses would serve a larger geographical area like Southern Turkey or the Black Sea region. However, they do not extend their businesses to the whole country. Successful local businesses may want to expand to larger regional areas but still stay within their capabilities as business conditions may not be all that different from each other. So (II) is not correct. (I) and (III) are correct.
Soru 54
Which one of the following business functions is related to making goods or services for customers?
Seçenekler
A
Production fuction
B
Marketing function
C
Human resources function
D
Finance function
E
Research and development function
Açıklama:
Production or manufacturing function for both goods and services involves making products or creating services for customers which include activities such as purchasing (of material resources) and logistics (incoming and outgoing flow of material resources and products).
Soru 55
Which one of the following production factors can not be considered as natural and physical resources?
Seçenekler
A
Knowledge
B
Land
C
Water
D
Computer
E
Mineral
Açıklama:
Businesses use natural resources such as land, oil, minerals, water, and trees. Physical resources include raw materials used by businesses such as equipment, machines, offices, factories, and computers.
Soru 56
If socialism is to be put in an economic system, which one of the following systems would be suitable choice?
Seçenekler
A
Planned economic system
B
Free market system
C
Mixed market system
D
Capitalism
E
Communism
Açıklama:
Socialism can be thought of as a form of mixed market economy as a government would own and operate selected major industries in such a system.
Soru 57
In the .......................... only one supplier dominates the market.
Which one of the followings is suitable for the blank?
Which one of the followings is suitable for the blank?
Seçenekler
A
Oligapoly
B
Monopoly
C
Monopolistic competition
D
Pure competition
E
Free market economy
Açıklama:
A monopoly exists when a supplier of goods or services has control of all (or nearly all) of its market. Here, only one supplier dominates the market such that others are not able to compete. Therefore, the firm has considerable control over prices.
Soru 58
Which one of the following types of unemployment is temporary and not serious because it is always present in an economy?
Seçenekler
A
Seasonal unemployment
B
Structural unemployment
C
Frictional unemployment
D
Cyclical unemployment
E
Low season unemployment
Açıklama:
Frictional unemployment results when a person is in-between jobs, careers and locations. This is a temporary unemployment and always present in an economy, therefore is not considered serious
Soru 59
In which of the following types of business ownership are the partners divided as active and silent according to their roles in management?
Seçenekler
A
Sole proprietorships
B
Collective companies
C
Commandite companies
D
Joint stock companies
E
Limited liability companies
Açıklama:
Commandite companies. A commandite company is equivalent to the limited partnership in which the partners can be active (called general partner) or dormant (called silent partner). Active partners manage the firm and have unlimited liability while silent partners have no role in the management of the firm but have limited liability. There is no minimum share capital required for any partners.
Soru 60
Which one of the followings is related to using private company information for personal financial gain?
Seçenekler
A
Whistleblower
B
Price fixing
C
Consumerism
D
Insider trading
E
Conflict of interest
Açıklama:
Insider trading involves the use of private or special company information for financial gains, often in the form of buying or selling of stocks.
Soru 61
Which of the following is a profit organization?
Seçenekler
A
Red Cross
B
McDonalds
C
United Nations
D
Wikimedia
E
Public Libraries
Açıklama:
Not-for-profit organizations often service local communities through educational and social means such as public schools, charity groups, and government agencies. Red Cross, United Nations, Wikimedia and public libraries are examples of such non-profit organizations. B is the correct answer.
Soru 62
Which of the following is promoted by competition?
I. Innovation
II. Customer service
III. Education
I. Innovation
II. Customer service
III. Education
Seçenekler
A
I, II, III
B
Only I
C
Only II
D
Only III
E
Only II III
Açıklama:
The following are the reasons competition is desirable for businesses:
- Innovation: With several companies competing to win over customers, a firm can succeed with innovative products. Innovation can come from technology, product modifications or by improving customer experience. Further, firms would need to consistently better themselves and to encourage employees to push themselves also.
- Customer Service: If a product on offer is similar from one firm to the next, each firm is forced to improve customer service to compete.
- Education: Competitors can teach each other about the business, the state of the markets and what does and does not work in the marketplace.
Soru 63
Which external environment can be associated with the corporate income tax rate levied on business profits?
Seçenekler
A
Economic
B
Technological
C
Legal
D
Social
E
Market
Açıklama:
The Legal Environment: The legal environment affects businesses through all the laws and regulations imposed on them. Since taxing, too, is regulated by laws, C is the correct answer.
Soru 64
Which one is associated with the golabal environment?
Seçenekler
A
Demographic characteristics
B
Competitors and suppliers
C
Communication Technologies
D
International competition
E
Age, gender, life styles
Açıklama:
The Global Environment: The global environment has seen larger influences on companies around the world, even those that operate only domestically (i.e. local, regional, and national types of business). Factors such as global economic and political conditions, international competition, a country’s exchange rate, and international trade alliances and agreements affect firms in various ways. D is the correct choice.
Soru 65
Which of the following is the subject matter of microeconomics?
Seçenekler
A
National budget
B
National deficit
C
Mining industry
D
Transport industry
E
Family budget
Açıklama:
Economic studies range from the study of choices by individuals like what to buy from the money earned each month (called microeconomics) to the study of industries, governments and the overall economy (called macroeconomics). E is the correct answer.
Soru 66
Which of the following is associated with pure competition?
Seçenekler
A
Virtually identical products
B
Similar products
C
Different goods
D
Unique products
E
Barriers to entry
Açıklama:
Pure competition exists when no single supplier is large enough to influence prices. Therefore, prices are largely determined by supply and demand conditions. There are many small suppliers in the market and it is easy for them to enter or exit the market. Suppliers produce products that buyers view as virtually identical. There are a few examples of products that appear to be identical such as agriculture products like fruits, vegetables and grains. A is the correct answer.
Soru 67
Which of the following is an element of a business plan?
Seçenekler
A
Franchise agreement
B
Company description
C
Intrapreneurs
D
Unlimited liability
E
Limited liability
Açıklama:
Elements of a business plan:
- INTRODUCTION: Basic information such as the name, address, dates including a title page.
- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: Overview of the entire plan including the technical, marketing, financial, and managerial details. This section is important in that it should convince the investors that the new venture is a worthy investment.
- COMPANY DESCRIPTION: Highlights the entrepreneur’s dream, vision, and goals including the industry and legal status of the new venture.
- PRODUCT/SERVICE: Details of the products or services, benefits, competitive advantage, and price.
- MARKETING PLAN: Details of the industry, competitors, and target market including results from market research.
- OPERATING PLAN: Details of daily operation of the business including the location, machines, equipment, people, and processes including suppliers.
- MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION: Roles and responsibilities of the people.
- FINANCING: Expenses involved (including startup and ongoing expenses) and capital needed.
Soru 68
_____ is a combination of two corporations to form a new company.
Seçenekler
A
An acquisition
B
A joint venture
C
A merger
D
A strategic alliance
E
A collective company
Açıklama:
A merger means a combination of two corporations to form a new company. C is the correct answer.
Soru 69
Which approach involves an ethical behavior that treats people equally or fairly?
Seçenekler
A
The Utilitarian Approach
B
The Common Good Approach
C
The Virtue Approach
D
The Justice Approach
E
The Rights Approach
Açıklama:
The Fairness or Justice Approach - an ethical behavior that treats people equally or fairly. D is the correct answer.
Soru 70
If a firm provides insurance, which CSR strategy would it be using?
I. Operations-driven
II. Compliance-driven
III. Customer-driven
I. Operations-driven
II. Compliance-driven
III. Customer-driven
Seçenekler
A
Only I
B
Only II
C
Only III
D
I, II
E
II, III
Açıklama:
Compliance-driven - Firms can focus on achieving high levels of compliance required under a country’s laws and regulations with this strategy. The requirements are aimed at issues such as the environment, health, work safety and product safety. For example, factories should not only follow minimum requirements for workers’ safety and health regulations. They can further implement training and education to update workers’ skills and offer supplementary health plan which exceed the minimum compliance requirements. B is the correct answer.
Soru 71
What refers to any organization that provides goods or services to satisfy customers’ needs and wants for a profit?
Seçenekler
A
Business
B
Entrepreneur
C
Stakeholders
D
Suppliers
E
Competition
Açıklama:
A business is any organization that provides goods or services to satisfy customers’ needs and wants for a profit. A business must be organized to provide products by combining resources such as materials, human, financial and information resources.The correct answer is "A".
Soru 72
Which of the followings is not one of the major organizational stakeholders?
Seçenekler
A
Owners
B
Customers
C
Employers
D
Investors
E
Suppliers
Açıklama:
Major organizational stakeholders are owners (shareholder/stockholders), customers, employees, investors, suppliers and communities. The correct answer is "C".
Soru 73
What makes local business different from other types of businesses?
Seçenekler
A
Operates in more than one country
B
Serves the whole country
C
Serves a larger area such as the Southern or Eastern part of a country
D
Serves a limited geographical area such as a town or a city
E
Moves businesses and investment funds to other markets around the world
Açıklama:
We can define a local business as the ones that serve a limited geographical area and rely on local consumers. The correct answer is "D".
Soru 74
What does human resources function deal with?
Seçenekler
A
Creating, communicating, delivering and exchanging offerings that have value for customers
B
Planning, staffing, training, and developing employees
C
Making products or creating services for customers
D
Operating sufficiently, collecting and reporting financial information to various stakeholders
E
Developing new and innovative products to meet customers’ needs
Açıklama:
The human resources function deals with HR planning, staffing, training, and developing employees for the whole company.This function concerns various aspects of employees and employee relations including workplace safety and health issues. The correct answer is "B".
Soru 75
The _________ environment refers to the trends and forces in a society under which all businesses operate.
Which term can be used in the blank?
Which term can be used in the blank?
Seçenekler
A
Economic
B
Technological
C
Legal
D
Social
E
Global
Açıklama:
The social environment refers to the trends and forces in a society under which all businesses operate. Its elements include demographic factors, customs and values, and social and economic movements of the society. The correct answer is "D".
Soru 76
What refers to giving an employee or a team the power, information, responsibility and accountability to do the job well?
Seçenekler
A
Productivity
B
E-commerce
C
Mobile technology
D
E-government
E
Empowerment
Açıklama:
Empowerment in the context of business refers to giving an employee or a team the power, information, responsibility and accountability to do the job well. The correct answer is "E".
Soru 77
What does financial capital include?
Seçenekler
A
Land
B
Employees
C
Credits
D
Entrepreneurs
E
Business Owners
Açıklama:
Financial capital refers to money or funds used to create and operate a business. It can come from one’s personal savings, from friends and family, via business loans, from investors and through other forms of fund-raising. The correct answer is "C".
Soru 78
What term is used for a medium or mechanism that facilitates an exchange of a specific good or service between buyers and sellers?
Seçenekler
A
Capitalism
B
Market
C
Private enterprise
D
Privatization
E
Socialism
Açıklama:
We can define a market as a medium or mechanism that facilitates an exchange of a specific good or service between buyers and sellers. The correct answer is "B".
Soru 79
Which of the following is not true for the characteristics of an entrepreneur?
Seçenekler
A
They are willing to work hard with dedication and determination.
B
They accept the risks.
C
They are self-motivated.
D
They are highly energetic and believe in what they are doing.
E
Money is the motivator for them.
Açıklama:
Success is the motivator for them and money is the reward for success.
Soru 80
What approach refers to an ethical behavior that delivers the most good or does the least harm for all who are affected by it?
Seçenekler
A
The Utilitarian Approach
B
The Fairness or Justice Approach
C
The Common Good Approach
D
The Virtue Approach
E
The Rights Approach
Açıklama:
The Utilitarian Approach - an ethicalbehavior that delivers the most good or does the least harm for all who are affected by it. The correct answer is "A".
Soru 81
Which of the following types of business operate in more than a one country?
Seçenekler
A
International Business
B
National Business
C
Regional Business
D
Local Business
E
Small Business
Açıklama:
International or Multinational Business operates in more than one country.
Ünite 2
Soru 1
Which of the following stands for defending national products against imported goods?
Seçenekler
A
Import substitution
B
Globalization
C
Internationalization
D
Investment
E
Balance of trade
Açıklama:
Globalization
Import substitution is an economic policy which defends replacing foreign imports with domestic products.
Import substitution is an economic policy which defends replacing foreign imports with domestic products.
Soru 2
Which of the following suggests a company that has operations in at least two foreign countries?
Seçenekler
A
Multinational Corporation
B
Balance of trade
C
Internationalization
D
Social responsibility
E
Strategic partner
Açıklama:
Multinational Corporations
A multinational corporation (MNC) is an organizational form, which has operations in more than two countries and it consists of a central firm - usually in the home country- and branches or subsidiaries in foreign countries.
A multinational corporation (MNC) is an organizational form, which has operations in more than two countries and it consists of a central firm - usually in the home country- and branches or subsidiaries in foreign countries.
Soru 3
Which of the following suggests a cost advantage through increased output?
Seçenekler
A
Competition
B
Economies of scale
C
Emerging markets
D
Survival strategies
E
Corporate social responsibility
Açıklama:
Multinational Corporations
We should examine the realities of international competition to find some answers to this question. There are several active international car brands in Turkish automotive market and these are linked to MNCs. These MNCs are not only manufacturing cars for Turkish market but also for their branches in other countries. MNCs generally have an advantage to achieve economies of scale. Economies of scale is the cost advantage that arises with increased output of a product.
We should examine the realities of international competition to find some answers to this question. There are several active international car brands in Turkish automotive market and these are linked to MNCs. These MNCs are not only manufacturing cars for Turkish market but also for their branches in other countries. MNCs generally have an advantage to achieve economies of scale. Economies of scale is the cost advantage that arises with increased output of a product.
Soru 4
Which of the following country is different from others in terms of growth levels and infrastructure stock?
Seçenekler
A
Nigeria
B
Turkey
C
USA
D
Brazil
E
Russia
Açıklama:
Emerging Markets
Emerging markets are the transition economies such as Brazil, Russia, India, Mexico, Nigeria, and Turkey that are characterized by high levels of growth despite insufficient infrastructure.
Emerging markets are the transition economies such as Brazil, Russia, India, Mexico, Nigeria, and Turkey that are characterized by high levels of growth despite insufficient infrastructure.
Soru 5
Through what the fluctuating exchange rates affect exporters?
Seçenekler
A
Investment decisions
B
Interest rates
C
Competitiveness levels
D
Tariffs
E
Licensing
Açıklama:
Competitiveness
There would be many reasons for MNCs to expand into foreign markets as a way of growth. There is a close link between competitiveness and intentions of these firms to globalize their operations. The basic contributions of global business operations to a firm’s competitiveness are; cost reduction, spread of risk across wider environments, capitalization of core competencies, gaining access to new customers, and valuable natural resources.
In the globalizing world, the business endeavor necessitates to consider many diverse factors. For example, cultures and life styles differ remarkably among countries. Other factors could be listed as follows:
Competitiveness
There would be many reasons for MNCs to expand into foreign markets as a way of growth. There is a close link between competitiveness and intentions of these firms to globalize their operations. The basic contributions of global business operations to a firm’s competitiveness are; cost reduction, spread of risk across wider environments, capitalization of core competencies, gaining access to new customers, and valuable natural resources.
In the globalizing world, the business endeavor necessitates to consider many diverse factors. For example, cultures and life styles differ remarkably among countries. Other factors could be listed as follows:
There would be many reasons for MNCs to expand into foreign markets as a way of growth. There is a close link between competitiveness and intentions of these firms to globalize their operations. The basic contributions of global business operations to a firm’s competitiveness are; cost reduction, spread of risk across wider environments, capitalization of core competencies, gaining access to new customers, and valuable natural resources.
In the globalizing world, the business endeavor necessitates to consider many diverse factors. For example, cultures and life styles differ remarkably among countries. Other factors could be listed as follows:
- There are differences in market demographics and income levels.
- There are variations in research, manufacturing and distributing costs.
- Exchange rates are fluctuating.
- There are differences in host government, economic and political demands.
Competitiveness
There would be many reasons for MNCs to expand into foreign markets as a way of growth. There is a close link between competitiveness and intentions of these firms to globalize their operations. The basic contributions of global business operations to a firm’s competitiveness are; cost reduction, spread of risk across wider environments, capitalization of core competencies, gaining access to new customers, and valuable natural resources.
In the globalizing world, the business endeavor necessitates to consider many diverse factors. For example, cultures and life styles differ remarkably among countries. Other factors could be listed as follows:
- There are differences in market demographics and income levels.
- There are variations in research, manufacturing and distributing costs.
- Exchange rates are fluctuating.
- There are differences in host government, economic and political demands.
Soru 6
Which of the following is not used to compete in foreign markets?
Seçenekler
A
Exporting
B
Licensing
C
Franchising
D
Global strategy
E
Take-over
Açıklama:
Competitive Strategies in Foreign Markets
Companies decide for going international as well as which strategies to follow based on the resources they can allocate for international operations. Following strategy options are frequently used to compete in foreign markets;
Companies decide for going international as well as which strategies to follow based on the resources they can allocate for international operations. Following strategy options are frequently used to compete in foreign markets;
- Exporting
- Licensing
- Franchising
- Global Strategy
Soru 7
Which of the following is not a part of strategic alliances?
Seçenekler
A
Research efforts
B
Sharing technology
C
Joint use of facilities
D
Marketing each other’s products
E
Creating and keeping rivalry in the market
Açıklama:
Strategic Alliances
In order to build a global competitive advantage, activities might be required to concentrate in certain locations. For example, if costs of production or transportation are lower; if there is a possibility of scale economies or if there is a steep learning curve effect in certain locations, it would be beneficial not to disperse the activities. On the other hand, if it is necessary to be close to buyers; if transportation costs or trade barriers support the decentralization or if fluctuating exchange rates, supply interruptions, and adverse politics should be buffered, activities should be dispersed.
In order to build a global competitive advantage, activities might be required to concentrate in certain locations. For example, if costs of production or transportation are lower; if there is a possibility of scale economies or if there is a steep learning curve effect in certain locations, it would be beneficial not to disperse the activities. On the other hand, if it is necessary to be close to buyers; if transportation costs or trade barriers support the decentralization or if fluctuating exchange rates, supply interruptions, and adverse politics should be buffered, activities should be dispersed.
Soru 8
Which of the following always plays a key role in success or failure in international business?
Seçenekler
A
Type of production
B
Costs
C
Culture
D
Technology
E
Labor force
Açıklama:
Cultural Diversity
Culture plays a significant role in determining success or failure in international business.
Culture plays a significant role in determining success or failure in international business.
Soru 9
With which of the followings the companies have to attract buyers?
Seçenekler
A
Technology
B
Bargain prices
C
Research and development
D
Licensing
E
Strategy
Açıklama:
Strategic Alliances- bargain prices
The characteristics of emerging international markets may be different and as a result, competition in these markets should be arranged accordingly. Companies have to attract buyers with bargain prices and have to achieve a better fit to local requirements. Specially designed or packaged products may be needed to accommodate local market circumstances. Management teams for these firms must be consist of a mix of expatriate and local managers. For emerging markets, competition should be based on low price. The companies aiming at emerging markets may need to develop new business models to accommodate local conditions.
The characteristics of emerging international markets may be different and as a result, competition in these markets should be arranged accordingly. Companies have to attract buyers with bargain prices and have to achieve a better fit to local requirements. Specially designed or packaged products may be needed to accommodate local market circumstances. Management teams for these firms must be consist of a mix of expatriate and local managers. For emerging markets, competition should be based on low price. The companies aiming at emerging markets may need to develop new business models to accommodate local conditions.
Soru 10
How do firms with valuable know-how skills yet inadequate operational skills set positions in foreign markets?
Seçenekler
A
Licensing
B
Franchising
C
Take-over
D
Strategic partners
E
Exchange rates
Açıklama:
Competitive Strategies in Foreign Markets
Licensing is an appropriate choice when a firm has valuable technical know-how or a patented product but lacking international capabilities for positioning in foreign markets. If a firm desires to avoid risks of committing resources to unfamiliar, volatile, unstable markets, licensing would be a good start. Basic disadvantage is the risk of providing valuable technical know-how to foreign firms and losing some control over its use.
Licensing is an appropriate choice when a firm has valuable technical know-how or a patented product but lacking international capabilities for positioning in foreign markets. If a firm desires to avoid risks of committing resources to unfamiliar, volatile, unstable markets, licensing would be a good start. Basic disadvantage is the risk of providing valuable technical know-how to foreign firms and losing some control over its use.
Soru 11
Which of the following phenomena marked the milestone of globalization in the world history?
Seçenekler
A
World War I
B
World War II
C
Chernobyl nuclear meltdown
D
Dissolution of Soviet Union countries
E
Emergence of the internet
Açıklama:
The dissolution of Soviet Union countries in the early 90’s was the milestone of globalization. The sharp difference in terms of organization of the economic regime between East and West has begun to disappear after 90’s. Low raw material and labor costs in the new economies attracted foreign investors. Western multinational corporations have shifted their production operations to Eastern part of the world and they inevitably transferred technical know-how to their new local partners. Western countries, which are the pioneers of globalization currently, deal with research and development activities, strategic management and organization of international operations instead of production.
The correct answer is D.
The correct answer is D.
Soru 12
If the United States imported $1 trillion in goods and services last year, but exported only $750 billion in goods and services to other countries, then the United States had a negative $250 billion balance of trade.
Which of the following terms explains this situation?
Which of the following terms explains this situation?
Seçenekler
A
Trade surplus
B
Trade deficit
C
Import substitution
D
Export measures
E
Free circulation
Açıklama:
Balance of trade (BOT) is the difference between a country’s imports and its exports for a “given time period”. BOT is an important indicator showing strength of a country’s economy. A country that exports more than it imports has a trade surplus. On the contrary, if a country imports more than it exportshas a trade deficit.
The correct answer is B.
The correct answer is B.
Soru 13
This is a way of building recognition and reputation in a foreign country. It is important to seek for a trustworthy, legitimate, established, and a powerful partner in the target country. The partnership between Ford and its local partner Koç Group in Turkey is an example of such a project.
Which of the following terms is defined above?
Which of the following terms is defined above?
Seçenekler
A
Corporate social responsibility
B
Multinational corporation
C
Internationalization
D
Local partnership
E
Economies of scale
Açıklama:
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) projects are a way of building recognition and reputation in a foreign country. It is important to seek for a trustworthy, legitimate, established, and a powerful partner in the target country. The partnership between Ford and Kaç Group, Coca Cola and Anadolu Group, Pierre Cardin and Zorlu Group, Carrefour and Sabancı Group, etc. are examples of corporate social responsibility.
The correct answer is A.
The correct answer is A.
Soru 14
Which of the following cannot be listed among the emerging markets?
Seçenekler
A
Turkey
B
Brazil
C
Russia
D
India
E
United Kingdom
Açıklama:
Dutch-born American banker Antoine van Agtmael created the term emerging technologies in 1981 to avoid negative perceptions towards the terms such as “the third world” and “developing countries”. 17 18 Emerging markets are the transition economies such as Brazil, Russia, India, Mexico, Nigeria and Turkey that are characterized by high levels of growth despite insufficient infrastructure.
The correct answer is E.
The correct answer is E.
Soru 15
------------------------------- approach necessitates the same basic competitive approach in all countries where a company operates. In other words, same products under the same brand names are sold everywhere. Same distribution channels are used in all countries. Competition is based on the same capabilities and marketing approaches worldwide. Strategic moves are integrated and coordinated.
Which of the following completes the sentence above?
Which of the following completes the sentence above?
Seçenekler
A
Glocalization
B
Franchising
C
Think local - act local
D
Think global - act global
E
Think global - act local
Açıklama:
As one of the options for dealing with specific conditions and buyer preferences in global competition, the think global-act global approach necessitates the same basic competitive approach in all countries where a company operates. In other words, same products under the same brand names are sold everywhere. Same distribution channels are used in all countries. Competition is based on the same capabilities and marketing approaches worldwide. Strategic moves are integrated and coordinated. Managerial emphasis is placed on building a global brand name. Transferring ideas, new products, and capabilities among countries are pursued.
The correct answer is D.
The correct answer is D.
Soru 16
A globally popular coffee chain has adopted strategies for adapting to local differences. The coffee chain has designed its coffee shops according to details of the local culture. As a result, coffee shops in two different countries may be totally different in terms of design, but the coffee would taste the same, which is the global promise of the chain.
Of which of the following strategies does this constitute an example?
Of which of the following strategies does this constitute an example?
Seçenekler
A
Think global - act local
B
Think global - act global
C
Think local - act global
D
Licensing
E
Franchising
Açıklama:
The think global - act local approach creates more convenient and culturally interoperable conditions. Glocalization is a kind of synthesis between globalization and local responsiveness. Under these circumstances, a company uses the same basic competitive theme ineach country but allows local managers to be more flexible to:
• incorporate whatever country-specific variations in product attributes are needed to satisfy buyers, and
• make whatever adjustments in production, distribution and marketing are needed to compete under local market conditions.
The correct answer is A.
• incorporate whatever country-specific variations in product attributes are needed to satisfy buyers, and
• make whatever adjustments in production, distribution and marketing are needed to compete under local market conditions.
The correct answer is A.
Soru 17
"Apple collaborated with the second largest credit card provider in the world, MasterCard, to gain credibility in the merchant services and processing arena. While Apple Pay gets the benefit of MasterCard's reputation, MasterCard gets the cache of being the first to be an Apple Pay authorized option. The experience of MasterCard helps Apple as it works out potential bugs and issues as Apple Pay becomes more prevalent." (Leonard, 2019)
In this case, the partnership between Apple Pay and MasterCard is an example of ------------------------------.
In this case, the partnership between Apple Pay and MasterCard is an example of ------------------------------.
Seçenekler
A
Franchising
B
Glocalization
C
Licensing
D
Global strategy
E
Strategic alliance
Açıklama:
Global competition can be achieved via cooperation and cooperative agreements with foreign companies. Purposes of strategic alliances are joint research efforts, sharing technology, joint use of production on distribution facilities, and marketing one another’s products and services.
The correct answer is E.
The correct answer is E.
Soru 18
Which of the following is not one of the advantages of strategic alliances?
Seçenekler
A
Filling missing information in technical expertise of local markets
B
Reducing tax rates
C
Taking advantage of partner’s local market knowledge and networks
D
Sharing distribution facilities and dealer network
E
Capturing economies of scale
Açıklama:
In an international business environment, there are many appeals and advantages of strategic alliances such as:
- ensuring better access to feasible countries from host country to import and market products/services,
- capturing economies of scale,
- filling missing information in technical expertise of local markets,
- sharing distribution facilities and dealer network,
- taking advantage of partner’s local market knowledge and networks, and
- combining competitive energies toward defeating mutual rivals.
Soru 19
Which of the following groups of countries constitutes a cluster according to Ronen and Shenkar’s synthesis of country clusters?
Seçenekler
A
France-Belgium-Germany
B
Portugal-Spain-Chile
C
United Arab Emirates-Kuwait-Malaysia
D
United States-Canada-Australia
E
Denmark-Sweden-Ireland
Açıklama:
Ronen and Shenkar reviewed eight empirical studies that used attitudinal data to cluster countries, and presented a final synthesis of clusters. The countries that were characterized as former British colonies are included in the Anglo cluster. The Anglo Cluster comprises Australia, Canada, England, Ireland, New Zealand, South Africa , and the United States of America.
The correct answer is D.
The correct answer is D.
Soru 20
-------------------------------------- is the approach suggesting that a country’s own unique culture, laws, and business practices determine ethical behaviors in the country.
Which of the following terms is defined above?
Which of the following terms is defined above?
Seçenekler
A
Cultural diversity
B
Universalism
C
Ethical value
D
Cultural relativism
E
Managerial decision area
Açıklama:
Cultural relativism refers to the approach suggesting that a country’s own unique culture, laws, and business practices determine ethical behaviors in the country.
The correct answer is D.
The correct answer is D.
Soru 21
Which one of the following terms refers to the integration of economic,political, technological, social, and cultural systems around the world?
Seçenekler
A
globalization
B
internationalization
C
entrepreneurship
D
trade surplus
E
glocalization
Açıklama:
Globalization refers to the integration of economic, political, technological, social, and cultural systems around the world
Soru 22
I. Turkey financed the industrialization processes through public banks and import substitution policies that shaped the economic activities until 1980s
II. The frequency of global interactions was very high during 80s
III. Turkish state has signed several agreements concerning free trade between European Union and Turkey after mid 90’s.
Which one(s) of the statements above is/are true about globalization process of Turkey in recent decades?
II. The frequency of global interactions was very high during 80s
III. Turkish state has signed several agreements concerning free trade between European Union and Turkey after mid 90’s.
Which one(s) of the statements above is/are true about globalization process of Turkey in recent decades?
Seçenekler
A
Only I
B
Only II
C
Only III
D
I-II
E
I-III
Açıklama:
The state financed the industrialization processes through public banks and import substitution policies that shaped the economic activities until 1980s. Turkey had adopted a state-dependent and a closed economic regime during these years. The frequency of global interactions was very low. Turkey has converted its economic strategy from a protectionist model to a market oriented and an open perspective during the recent decades.9 Turkish state has signed several agreements concerning free trade between European Union and Turkey after mid 90’s.
Soru 23
Which one of the following terms stands for the difference between a country’s imports and its exports for a “given time period”?
Seçenekler
A
investment
B
globalization
C
internationalization
D
balance of trade
E
economic crisis
Açıklama:
Balance of trade (BOT) is the difference between a country’s imports and its exports for a “given time period”.10 BOT is an important indicator showing strength of a country’s economy
Soru 24
Which one of the following terms is used when a country imports more than it exports?
Seçenekler
A
balance of trade
B
trade surplus
C
trade deficit
D
devaluation
E
economic crisis
Açıklama:
A country that exports more than it imports has a trade surplus. On the contrary, if a country imports more than it exports has a trade deficit.
Soru 25
I. Entering into complex markets to gain new knowledge
II. Recognition and reputation
III. Strong growing policies
Which one(s) of the statements above is/are among the critical success factors for multinational corporations emphasized in the literature?
II. Recognition and reputation
III. Strong growing policies
Which one(s) of the statements above is/are among the critical success factors for multinational corporations emphasized in the literature?
Seçenekler
A
Only I
B
Only II
C
Only III
D
I-II
E
II-III
Açıklama:
The critical success factors for MNCs emphasized in the literature are:15
• Entering into complex markets to gain new knowledge.
• Recognition and reputation.
• Key strategic partnerships.
• Entering into complex markets to gain new knowledge.
• Recognition and reputation.
• Key strategic partnerships.
Soru 26
Which one of the following companies is the local partner of Coca Cola in Turkey?
Seçenekler
A
Koç Group
B
Anadolu Group
C
Zorlu Group
D
Sabancı Group
E
Doğuş Group
Açıklama:
Anadolu group is the local partner of Coca Cola in Turkey
Soru 27
Which one of the following terms refers to the cost advantage that arises with increased output of a product?
Seçenekler
A
economies of scale
B
international competition
C
trade surplus
D
trade deficit
E
corporate social responsibility
Açıklama:
Economies of scale is the cost advantage that arises with increased output of a product
Soru 28
Which one of the following countries is not considered as an emerging market?
Seçenekler
A
Turkey
B
Brazil
C
Russia
D
France
E
Mexico
Açıklama:
Emerging markets are the transition economies such as Brazil, Russia, India,
Mexico, Nigeria, and Turkey that are characterized by high levels of growth despite insufficient infrastructure.
Mexico, Nigeria, and Turkey that are characterized by high levels of growth despite insufficient infrastructure.
Soru 29
Which one of the following is not among the four issues that need to be considered in multinational competition
Seçenekler
A
Whether to customize products or services in each local market or offer standardized products/services
B
Whether to employ the same generic competitive strategy everywhere or modify the strategy for each country
C
Whether to act with international standards or adopt some local principles
D
Whether to locate a company’s facilities, distribution centers, and customer services operations for location advantages
E
How to transfer a company’s resource strengths and capabilities among countries to secure competitive advantage
Açıklama:
In multinational competition, there are four issues that need to be considered:24
1. Whether to customize products or services in each local market or offer standardized products/services.
2. Whether to employ the same generic competitive strategy everywhere or modify the strategy for each country.
3. Whether to locate a company’s facilities, distribution centers, and customer services operations for location advantages.
4. How to transfer a company’s resource strengths and capabilities among countries to secure competitive advantage.
1. Whether to customize products or services in each local market or offer standardized products/services.
2. Whether to employ the same generic competitive strategy everywhere or modify the strategy for each country.
3. Whether to locate a company’s facilities, distribution centers, and customer services operations for location advantages.
4. How to transfer a company’s resource strengths and capabilities among countries to secure competitive advantage.
Soru 30
Which one of the following terms is not among the strategy options frequently used to compete in foreign markets?
Seçenekler
A
Fluctuating
B
Exporting
C
Licensing
D
Franchising
E
Global Strategy
Açıklama:
Companies decide for going international as well as which strategies to follow based on the resources they can allocate for international operations.
Following strategy options are frequently used to compete in foreign markets:26
• Exporting
• Licensing
• Franchising
• Global Strategy
Following strategy options are frequently used to compete in foreign markets:26
• Exporting
• Licensing
• Franchising
• Global Strategy
Soru 31
What is the economic policy which defends replacing foreign imports with domestic products?
Seçenekler
A
Trade deficit
B
Import substitution
C
Trade surplus
D
Internationalization
E
Globalization
Açıklama:
Import substitution is an economic policy which defends replacing foreign imports with domestic products.
Soru 32
What is called the difference between a country’s imports and its exports for a given time period?
Seçenekler
A
Balance of trade
B
Licensing
C
Franchising
D
Trade deficit
E
Trade surplus
Açıklama:
Balance of trade (BOT) is the difference between a country’s imports and its exports for a given time period.
Soru 33
What is the cost advantage that arises with increased output of a product?
Seçenekler
A
Tariff
B
Exchange rate
C
Economies of scale
D
International competition
E
Franchising
Açıklama:
Economies of scale is the cost advantage that arises with increased output of a product.
Soru 34
What does tariff mean?
Seçenekler
A
It is the taxes, surcharges, or duties arranged against imported goods
B
It is the number of units of one currency that must be exchanged for a unit of the second currency.
C
It is the cost advantage that arises with increased output of a product.
D
It is an economic policy which defends replacing foreign imports with domestic products
E
It is the widespread and objective sets of ethical guidelines exist across countries.
Açıklama:
Taxes, surcharges, or duties arranged against imported goods are known as tariffs. B is exchange rate, C is Economies of scale, D is Import substitution, E is universalism.
Soru 35
Which one is NOT one of the strategy options are frequently used to compete in foreign markets?
Seçenekler
A
Global Strategy
B
Franchising
C
Licensing
D
Universalism
E
Exporting
Açıklama:
Companies decide for going international as well as which strategies to follow based on the resources they can allocate for international operations. Following strategy options are frequently used tocompete in foreign markets:
- Exporting
- Licensing
- Franchising
- Global Strategy
Soru 36
Which one is NOT one of the purposes of strategic alliances?
Seçenekler
A
Joint research efforts
B
Sharing technology
C
Joint use of production on distribution facilities
D
Marketing one another’s products and services
E
Competing among the companies
Açıklama:
Purposes of strategic alliances are; joint research efforts, sharing technology, joint use of production on distribution facilities, and marketing one another’s products and services.
Soru 37
Which one is one of the pitfalls of strategic alliances?
Seçenekler
A
To combine competitive energies toward defeating mutual rivals.
B
To share distribution facilities and dealer network.
C
To fill missing information in technical expertise of local markets.
D
To capture economies of scale
E
To overcome language and cultural barriers
Açıklama:
In international business environment there are many appeals and advantages of strategic alliances. These are listed below:
- Better access to feasible countries from host country to import and market products/services.
- Capture economies of scale.
- Fill missing information in technical expertise of local markets.
- Share distribution facilities and dealer network.
- Take advantage of partner’s local market knowledge and networks.
- Combine competitive energies toward defeating mutual rivals.
Under some circumstances, there would be pitfalls of strategic alliances such as:
- To overcome language and cultural barriers.
- To deal with diverse or conflicting operating practices of partners.
- To consume time for managers in terms of communication, trust building and coordination
costs. - To create mistrust when collaborating in competitively sensitive areas.
- To clash in egos and company cultures.
- To deal with conflicting objectives, strategies, corporate values, ethical standards.
- To become too dependent on another firm for essential expertise in the long term.
Soru 38
Which one is NOT one of the managerial decision areas?
Seçenekler
A
Negotiation tactics
B
Conflict management
C
Using domestic facilities
D
Organizational structure
E
Human resource practices
Açıklama:
Managerial decision areas are employee motivation, human resource practices, organizational structure, strategy formation and implementation, conflict management, negotiation tactics, and leadership styles.
Soru 39
What refers to the approach that a country’s own unique culture, laws, and business practices determine ethical behavior in a country?
Seçenekler
A
Universalism
B
Cultural relativism
C
Franchising
D
Licensing
E
Tariff
Açıklama:
Cultural relativism refers to the approach that a country’s own unique culture, laws, and business practices determine ethical behavior in a country
Soru 40
I. Approach other cultures by changing your stereotypes and with caution.
II. Find cultural informants and review practices from unfamiliar cultures.
III. Learn mental maps that will increase effectiveness in different cultures.
For successfully managing the impact of culture on international business, which one/s of the above should managers do?
II. Find cultural informants and review practices from unfamiliar cultures.
III. Learn mental maps that will increase effectiveness in different cultures.
For successfully managing the impact of culture on international business, which one/s of the above should managers do?
Seçenekler
A
I
B
I, II
C
II, III
D
I, II, III
E
III
Açıklama:
For successfully managing the impact of culture on international business, managers:
- Approach other cultures by changing your stereotypes and with caution.
- Find cultural informants and review practices from unfamiliar cultures.
- Learn mental maps that will increase effectiveness in different cultures.
Soru 41
Which of the following refers to the integration of economic, political, technological, social, and cultural systems around the world?
Seçenekler
A
Globalization
B
Internationalization
C
Import substitution
D
Balance of trade
E
Trade surplus
Açıklama:
Globalization refers to the integration of economic, political, technological, social, and cultural systems around the world,
Soru 42
Which of the following is an economic policy which defends replacing foreign imports with domestic products?
Seçenekler
A
Trade surplus
B
Import substitution
C
Balance of trade
D
Internationalization
E
Globalization
Açıklama:
Import substitution is an economic policy which defends replacing foreign imports with domestic products.
Soru 43
Which of the following is the cost advantage that arises with increased output of a product?
Seçenekler
A
International competition
B
International competition
C
Economies of scale
D
Corporate social responsibility
E
multinational corporation
Açıklama:
Economies of scale is the cost advantage that arises with increased output of a product.
Soru 44
Which of the following affect exporters depending upon manufacturing country’s currency power in positive or negative ways?
Seçenekler
A
Multicountry competition
B
Global competition
C
Competitiveness
D
Fluctuating exchange rates
E
Exchange rate
Açıklama:
Fluctuating exchange rates affect exporters depending upon manufacturing country’s currency power in positive or negative ways.
Soru 45
I. Joint ventures
II. Licensing agreements
III. Management contracts
IV: Long-term contractual arrangements
Which of the ones above are ways that companies may work together in international operations?
II. Licensing agreements
III. Management contracts
IV: Long-term contractual arrangements
Which of the ones above are ways that companies may work together in international operations?
Seçenekler
A
I and II
B
II and III
C
I, II and IV
D
II, III and IV
E
I, II, III and IV
Açıklama:
There are numerous ways that companies may work together in international operations, such as through joint ventures, licensing agreements, management contracts, or long-term contractual arrangements.
Soru 46
Which of the following is known as taxes, surcharges, or duties arranged against imported goods?
Seçenekler
A
Tariffs
B
Exchange rate
C
Competitiveness
D
Franchising
E
Global strategy
Açıklama:
Taxes, surcharges, or duties arranged against imported goods are known as tariffs.
Soru 47
Which of the following strategies is NOT an option used frequently to compete in foreign markets?
Seçenekler
A
Exporting
B
Licensing
C
Franchising
D
Global Strategy
E
Tariffs
Açıklama:
Following strategy options are frequently used to compete in foreign markets:
• Exporting
• Licensing
• Franchising
• Global Strategy
• Exporting
• Licensing
• Franchising
• Global Strategy
Soru 48
Which of the following necessitates the same basic competitive approach in all countries where a company operates?
Seçenekler
A
The think global-act global approach
B
The think local - act local approach
C
Glocalization
D
Think global - act local
E
Licensing
Açıklama:
The think global-act global approach necessitates the same basic competitive approach in all countries where a company operates.Which of the
Soru 49
I. Locating activities among countries to decrease costs on high product differentiation
II. Efficient and effective transfer of competencies and capabilities from one country to another for companies
III.Coordinating dispersed activities
Which of the items above would be the ways to gain competitive advantage?
II. Efficient and effective transfer of competencies and capabilities from one country to another for companies
III.Coordinating dispersed activities
Which of the items above would be the ways to gain competitive advantage?
Seçenekler
A
Only I
B
Only II
C
I and II
D
II and III
E
I, II and III
Açıklama:
There would be three ways to gain competitive advantage:
• Locating activities among countries to decrease costs on high product differentiation.
• Efficient and effective transfer of competencies and capabilities from one country to another for companies.
• Coordinating dispersed activities.
• Locating activities among countries to decrease costs on high product differentiation.
• Efficient and effective transfer of competencies and capabilities from one country to another for companies.
• Coordinating dispersed activities.
Soru 50
Which of the following is widespread and objective sets of ethical guidelines exist across countries?
Seçenekler
A
Local requirements
B
Culture
C
Universalism
D
Ethical values
E
Cultural relativism
Açıklama:
Universalism is widespread and objective sets of ethical guidelines exist across countries
Soru 51
In which century did globalization begin?
Seçenekler
A
17th century
B
18th century
C
19th century
D
20th century
E
16th century
Açıklama:
The story of globalization begun with the tendency of first industrial firms to market their goods to other countries during the late 19th century.
Soru 52
What was the milestone of globalization in history?
Seçenekler
A
The dissolution of Soviet Union countries in the early 90’s
B
End of the World War I
C
End of the World War II
D
The collapse of the Ottoman Empire
E
Foundation of the Turkish Republic
Açıklama:
The dissolution of Soviet Union countries in the early 90’s was the milestone of globalization.
Soru 53
After which year the liberal reform policies in Turkey were adopted?
Seçenekler
A
1950
B
1960
C
1970
D
1980
E
1990
Açıklama:
The liberal reform policies in Turkey were adopted after 1980.
Soru 54
Which term is described by “the difference between a country’s imports and its exports for a given time period?
Seçenekler
A
Balance of trade
B
Trade surplus
C
Trade deficit
D
Permitted Direct Investment
E
Import Substitution
Açıklama:
Balance of trade (BOT) is the difference between a country’s imports and its exports for a “given time period”. BOT is an important indicator showing strength of a country’s economy.
Soru 55
Which of the following activities can not be considered as a CSR project for an MNC?
Seçenekler
A
Sponsoring an important sports event
B
Sponsoring a famous local team
C
Providing scholarships to poor students
D
Supporting development of fine arts
E
Opening a new production facility
Açıklama:
Organizing or giving support to corporate social responsibility (CSR) projects is another way to build recognition and reputation in foreign cultures. These CSR projects may involve being sponsors of important sports events or famous teams, providing scholarships to the poor students and supporting development of fine arts or music. "Opening a new production facility" is NOT a CSR project.
Soru 56
Which term is described by "the cost advantage that arises with increased output of a product"?
Seçenekler
A
International competition
B
Corporate social responsibility
C
Economies of scale
D
Key strategic partnership
E
Balance of trade
Açıklama:
Economies of scale is the cost advantage that arises with increased output of a product
Soru 57
Which one of the following countries can not be considered an emerging market?
Seçenekler
A
India
B
Russia
C
Brazil
D
Norway
E
Mexico
Açıklama:
Emerging markets are the transition economies such as Brazil, Russia, India, Mexico, Nigeria and Turkey that are characterized by high levels of growth despite insufficient infrastructure. Emerging markets are quite different from western countries in terms of their cultural context, regulations and institutional arrangements.
Norway is NOT an emerging market.
Norway is NOT an emerging market.
Soru 58
Which of the following is not a strategy option that is frequently used to compete in foreign markets?
Seçenekler
A
Exporting
B
Licensing
C
Franchising
D
Global Strategy
E
Multicountry competition
Açıklama:
Companies decide for going international as well as which strategies to follow based on the resources they can allocate for international operations.
Following strategy options are frequently used to compete in foreign markets:
• Exporting
• Licensing
• Franchising
• Global Strategy
"Multicountry competition" is not one of these strategies.
Following strategy options are frequently used to compete in foreign markets:
• Exporting
• Licensing
• Franchising
• Global Strategy
"Multicountry competition" is not one of these strategies.
Soru 59
Which of the following is not an advantage of strategic alliances in the international business environment?
Seçenekler
A
Fill missing information in technical expertise of local markets
B
Share distribution facilities and dealer network
C
Take advantage of partner’s local market knowledge and networks
D
Combine competitive energies toward defeating mutual rivals
E
Take advantage of partner’s global market knowledge and networks
Açıklama:
In international business environment there are many appeals and advantages of strategic alliances. These are listed below:
• Better access to feasible countries from host country to import and market products/services.
• Capture economies of scale.
• Fill missing information in technical expertise of local markets.
• Share distribution facilities and dealer network.
• Take advantage of partner’s local market knowledge and networks.
• Combine competitive energies toward defeating mutual rivals.
• Better access to feasible countries from host country to import and market products/services.
• Capture economies of scale.
• Fill missing information in technical expertise of local markets.
• Share distribution facilities and dealer network.
• Take advantage of partner’s local market knowledge and networks.
• Combine competitive energies toward defeating mutual rivals.
Soru 60
Which term is defined by "the approach that a country’s own unique culture, laws, and business practices determine ethical behaviors in a country"?
Seçenekler
A
Ethical relativism
B
Ethnocentrism
C
Cultural relativism
D
Cosmopolitanism
E
Universalism
Açıklama:
Cultural relativism refers to the approach that a country’s own unique culture, laws, and business practices determine ethical behaviors in a country.
Soru 61
................ suggests that increasing number of countries participating in international trade serves to socio-economic expansion of these countries.
Seçenekler
A
The theory of international trade
B
Rapid development
C
Transportation technology
D
Communication technology
E
Balance of trade
Açıklama:
The theory of international trade
Soru 62
................. who have an intention to carry out firm’s operations abroad have to understand and examine the concept of globalization carefully.
Seçenekler
A
Entrepreneurs
B
Local employees
C
Businessmen
D
Tradesmen
E
Local authorities
Açıklama:
Entrepreneurs
Soru 63
.............. began with the tendency of first industrial firms to market their goods to other countries during the late 19th century
Seçenekler
A
Internationalization
B
Globalization
C
Industralization
D
Economy
E
Trade interactions
Açıklama:
Globalization
Soru 64
When were the liberal reform policies in Turkey adopted ?
Seçenekler
A
Before 1979
B
In 1979
C
After 1985
D
In 1980
E
After 1980
Açıklama:
After 1980
Soru 65
.............is an important indicator showing strength of a country’s economy.
Seçenekler
A
Trade surplus
B
Trade deficit
C
Balance of trade
D
Export
E
Import
Açıklama:
Balance of trade
Soru 66
Which one in the following is not the critical success factors for MNCs emphasized in the literature ?
Seçenekler
A
Entering into complex markets to gain new knowledge.
B
Recognition
C
Reminders
D
Reputation
E
Key strategic partnerships.
Açıklama:
Reminders
Soru 67
...........is the cost advantage that arises with increased output of a product.
Seçenekler
A
International competition
B
Economies of scale
C
Emerging markets
D
National competition
E
Production capacity
Açıklama:
Economies of scale
Soru 68
In the globalizing world, the business endeavor necessitates to consider many diverse factors. For example, cultures and life styles differ remarkably among
countries. Which other factor couldn't be listed as follows ?
countries. Which other factor couldn't be listed as follows ?
Seçenekler
A
There are similarities in market demographics and income levels.
.
.
B
There are variations in research, manufacturing and distributing costs.
C
Exchange rates are fluctuating.
D
There are differences in economic and political demands.
E
There are differences in host government.
Açıklama:
There are similarities in market demographics and income levels.
Soru 69
Companies decidefor going international as well as which strategies to follow based on the resources they can allocate for international operations.Which following strategy option is not used to compete in foreign markets?
Seçenekler
A
Exporting
B
Licensing
C
Importing
D
Franchising
E
Global Strategy
Açıklama:
Importing
Soru 70
.................. is widespread and objective sets of ethical guidelines exist across countries.
Seçenekler
A
Cultural relativism
B
Ethical value
C
Cultural diversity
D
Multicultural environment
E
Universalism
Açıklama:
Universalism
Soru 71
Which of the following suggests that increasing number of countries participating in international trade serves to socio-economic expansion of these countries?
Seçenekler
A
Globalization
B
Internationalization
C
Import substitution
D
Multinational corporation
E
Theory of international trade
Açıklama:
The theory of international trade suggests that increasing number of countries participating in international trade serves to socio-economic expansion of these countries. The correct answer is E.
Soru 72
Which of the following is basically operating across national borders?
Seçenekler
A
Globalization
B
Internationalization
C
Export substitution
D
Import substitution
E
Multinational corparation
Açıklama:
Internationalization is a process which is basically described as operation across national borders. The correct answer is B.
Soru 73
"_____________ suggests that increasing number of countries participating in international trade serves to socio-economic expansion of these countries."
Which of the following can be used to complete the sentence above?
Which of the following can be used to complete the sentence above?
Seçenekler
A
Marketing goods
B
theory of international trade
C
Managing interactions
D
Global Business
E
Business ecosystem
Açıklama:
The theory of international trade suggests that increasing number of countries participating in international trade serves to socio-economic expansion of these countries.
Soru 74
Which of the following is an economic policy which defends replacing foreign imports with domestic products?
Seçenekler
A
Import substitution
B
Export substitution
C
Balance of trade
D
International competition
E
Economies of scale
Açıklama:
An economic policy which defends replacing foreign imports with domestic products is called import substitution. The correct answer is A.
Soru 75
Which of the following refers to the difference between a country’s imports and its exports for a “given time period”?
Seçenekler
A
Trade surplus
B
Balance of trade
C
Trade deficit
D
Economies of scale
E
Fluctuating exchange rates
Açıklama:
Balance of trade (BOT) is the difference between a country’s imports and its exports for a “given time period”. BOT is an important indicator showing strength of a country’s economy. The correct answer is B.
Soru 76
Which of the following is the process which is basically operating across national borders?
Seçenekler
A
Globalization
B
Internalization
C
Collapse
D
Dissolution
E
Entrepreneurs
Açıklama:
Globalization differs than the internationalization process which is basically operating across national borders.
Soru 77
- Initial overseas investments
- Key strategic partnerships
- Recognition and reputation
- Entering into complex markets to gain new knowledge
Seçenekler
A
I and II
B
III and IV
C
I-II-III
D
I-II-IV
E
II-III-IV
Açıklama:
The critical success factors for MNCs emphasized in the literature are:
- Entering into complex markets to gain new knowledge,
- Recognition and reputation
- Key strategic partnerships.
Soru 78
Which of the following is an economic policy which defends replacing foreign imports with domestic products?
Seçenekler
A
Globalization
B
Internalization
C
Collapse
D
Import substitution
E
Turkish state
Açıklama:
The story of globalization in Turkey is quite different from industrialized Western countries. The state financed the industrialization processes through public banks and import substitution policies that shaped the economic activities until 1980s.7 Turkey had adopted a state-dependent and a closed economic regime during these years. The frequency of global interactions was very low.
Soru 79
When was the The liberal reform policies were adopted in Turkey?
Seçenekler
A
1950
B
1965
C
1970
D
1980
E
1995
Açıklama:
The liberal reform policies in Turkey were adopted after 1980, thus have enabled global trade relations and flow of foreign investments into the country.
Soru 80
Which of the following is the difference between a country’s imports and its exports for a given time period?
Seçenekler
A
Balance of trade
B
Trade surplus
C
Trade deficit
D
Export
E
Import
Açıklama:
Balance of trade (BOT) is the difference between a country’s imports and its exports for a “given time period”.10 BOT is an important indicator showing strength of a country’s economy. A country that exports more than it imports has a trade surplus. On the contrary, if a country imports more than it exports has a trade deficit.
Soru 81
Which of the following is not one of the emerging markets?
Seçenekler
A
Russia
B
Brazil
C
Mexico
D
Germany
E
Nigeria
Açıklama:
Emerging markets are the transition economies such as Brazil, Russia, India, Mexico, Nigeria and Turkey that are characterized by high levels of growth despite insufficient infrastructure. The correct answer is D.
Soru 82
- Whether to customize products or services in each local market or offer standardized products/ services.
- Whether to employ the same generic competitive strategy everywhere or modify the strategy for each country.
- Where to locate a company’s facilities, distribution centers, and customer services operations for location advantages.
- How to transfer a company’s resource strengths and capabilities among countries to secure competitive advantage.
Seçenekler
A
I and II
B
III and IV
C
I-II-III
D
I-II-IV
E
II-III-IV
Açıklama:
In multinational competition, there are four issues that need to be considered:
- Whether to customize products or services in each local market or offer standardized products/ services.
- Whether to employ the same generic competitive strategy everywhere or modify the strategy for each country.
- Whether (not where) to locate a company’s facilities, distribution centers, and customer services operations for location advantages.
- How to transfer a company’s resource strengths and capabilities among countries to secure competitive advantage.
Soru 83
Which of the following affect exporters depending upon manufacturing country’s currency power in positive or negative ways?
Seçenekler
A
Tariffs
B
Global competition
C
Fluctuating exchange rates
D
Multicountry competition
E
Pitfalls of strategic alliances
Açıklama:
Fluctuating exchange rates affect exporters depending upon manufacturing country’s currency power in positive or negative ways. The correct answer is C.
Soru 84
Which of the following is an organizational form, which has operations in more than two countries, and it consists of a central firm - usually in the home country- and branches or subsidiaries in foreign countries?
Seçenekler
A
Export
B
Import
C
Global Business
D
Multinational corporation
E
International trade
Açıklama:
A multinational corporation (MNC) is an organizational form, which has operations in more than two countries, and it consists of a central firm - usually in the home country- and branches or subsidiaries in foreign countries.
Soru 85
Which of the following companies is in the retail sector?
Seçenekler
A
Ford
B
Carrefour
C
Armani
D
Unicredit
E
Baxter
Açıklama:
Some well-known multinational corporations have preferred to work with large, old, well-known, and powerful local partners in Turkey. Turkish companies’ interaction with foreign MNCs is not limited with establishing partnership in the local market. There are also Turkish MNCs that have international operations in several countries by establishing partnership with the local companies or MNCs. Carrefour is in the retail sector with partnership of Sabancı.
Soru 86
- Exporting
- Licensing
- Franchising
- Global strategy
- Exchange rates
Seçenekler
A
I-II-III
B
III-IV-V
C
I-II-III-IV
D
I-II-IV-V
E
II-III-IV-V
Açıklama:
The following strategy options are frequently used to compete in foreign markets:
- Exporting,
- Licensing,
- Franchising,
- Global strategy.
Soru 87
Which of the following refers to widespread and objective sets of ethical guidelines that exist across countries?
Seçenekler
A
Universalism
B
Ethical values
C
Cultural relativism
D
Cultural diversity
E
International management
Açıklama:
Widespread and objective sets of ethical guidelines that exist across countries are called universalism. The correct answer is A.
Soru 88
Which of the following refers to a complex network of multiple types of relations and interactions?
Seçenekler
A
Economies of scale
B
International competition
C
Emerging markets
D
Competitiveness
E
Exchange rates
Açıklama:
Economies of scale is the cost advantage that arises with increased output of a product.16 Therefore an entrepreneur to be involved in such a project has to reach millions of production capacity per year to compete with the international automobile firms and has to find ways to market the new national car brand globally. This project requires huge investments and involves several risks for potential entrepreneurs. The case stated above is a typical example defining an important aspect of international competition. It is not possible to think about independent competition of firms in the global context. Firms have to find partners, collaborate, and cooperate with each other to compete with big players, which have dominated international markets. So, international competition refers to a complex network of multiple types of relations and interactions.
Soru 89
Which of the following is the cost advantage that arises with increased output of a product?
Seçenekler
A
Exchange rates
B
International competition
C
Emerging markets
D
Joint ventures
E
Economies of scale
Açıklama:
Economies of scale is the cost advantage that arises with increased output of a product.16 Therefore an entrepreneur to be involved in such a project has to reach millions of production capacity per year to compete with the international automobile firms and has to find ways to market the new national car brand globally. This project requires huge investments and involves several risks for potential entrepreneurs. The case stated above is a typical example defining an important aspect of international competition. It is not possible to think about independent competition of firms in the global context. Firms have to find partners, collaborate, and cooperate with each other to compete with big players, which have dominated international markets. So, international competition refers to a complex network of multiple types of relations and interactions.
Soru 90
According to the exchange rates, which of the following is the world’s most competitive country?
Seçenekler
A
Finland
B
Switzerland
C
Japan
D
United Kingdom
E
Singapore
Açıklama:
When a government believes that free trade is not in the best interests of its national security, domestic industries, workforce, or consumers, it can intervene in a number of ways. Some of these methods are collectively known as protectionism because they seek to protect a specific industry or groups of workers. Taxes, surcharges, or duties arranged against imported goods are known as tariffs. Switzerland is the world's most competitive country according to the exchange rates.
Soru 91
Which of the following refers to employing essentially the same strategies in all countries?
Seçenekler
A
Global strategy
B
Exporting
C
Licensing
D
Direct investment
E
Joint venture
Açıklama:
The strategic choice for a global strategy is to employ essentially the same strategies in all countries.
Ünite 3
Soru 1
The degree to the achievement of organizational goals based on the statements and expectations is the definition for:
Seçenekler
A
Organizational performance.
B
Organizational effectiveness.
C
Organizational efficiency.
D
Management.
E
Managerial planning.
Açıklama:
Organizational effectiveness is the degree to the achievement of organizational goals based on the statements and expectations. Organizational efficiency on the other hand is about the amount of overall resources used for the achievement of an organizational goal.
Soru 2
Which of the following is not one of the functions of management process ?
Seçenekler
A
Controlling
B
Leading
C
Organizing
D
Planning
E
Allocating
Açıklama:
Management is a process through which required resources are utilized by a sequence of functions starting with planning, followed by organizing, leading, and controlling for attaining organizational goals.
Soru 3
Which of the following employees resides at the middle management layer of the management structure?
Seçenekler
A
Board of directors.
B
Rector.
C
Section chief.
D
Plant manager.
E
Project leader.
Açıklama:
Middle managers are department heads, branch, or plant managers. Middle level management is responsible for overseeing the contribution to the organizational goals and strategies developed by the top management. Middle managers encourage and support their teams for establishing division plans and attain organizational performance at the highest level in compliance with the division or department goals as well as the organization’s ulitimate goals.
Soru 4
Which of the following management skills is related to seeing the organizations as a whole to reach, coordinate, and integrate resources to attain established goals throughout the organization?
Seçenekler
A
Human skills.
B
Conceptual skills.
C
Soft skills.
D
Technological skills.
E
Methodological skills.
Açıklama:
Conceptual skills are related to seeing the organization as a whole to reach, coordinate, and integrate resources to attain established goals throughout the organization. These goal-oriented skills are especially critical for monitoring as well as analyzing the organizational environment and developing aligned strategies which directly impact the activities of various divisions or functions of an organization.
Soru 5
Soft skills are specifically important and must be mostly mastered by which level of management?
Seçenekler
A
Top management.
B
First line management.
C
Middle management.
D
Executive management.
E
Supervisory management.
Açıklama:
Human skills (soft skills) must be most mastered by middle level managers. The basic function of middle management is leading their departments’ activities and inspiring employees with high performance for contributing to the ultimate organizational goals. Middle managers also play a critical role as a bridge between top management and first-line management for transferring messages, expectations, or directives from top to bottom and vice versa.
Soru 6
Which of the following is the most important role of managers at any level compared to other roles?
Seçenekler
A
Monitoring role.
B
Spokesperson role.
C
Interpersonal role.
D
Disseminator role.
E
Decisional role.
Açıklama:
Decisional roles are related to the decision making behaviors of management teams. Decision making is the fundamental function of managers at any level. We can argue that decisional roles and the relevant responsibilites are the most critical compared to other group of roles that managers have to fulfill.
Soru 7
What is the difference between management and leadership?
Seçenekler
A
There is no difference, they are exactly the same thing.
B
Management is about personal qualifications; leadership is based on position.
C
Management is pursuing goals with others; leadership is attaining goals through others.
D
Management authority is based on legal authority; leadership power comes from followers.
E
Management produces change and movement; leadership produces order and consistency.
Açıklama:
Beside similarities between the management and leadership roles, there are also distinguishing characteristics. One of them is that management authority is based on legal authority; leadership power comes from followers.
Soru 8
Which of the following emphasizes the statement "Leadership style and best managerial approach change according to environmental factors" ?
Seçenekler
A
Contingency approach.
B
The managerial grid.
C
The Ohio State studies.
D
Traits approach.
E
The Michigan studies.
Açıklama:
The contingency approach emphasizes that leadership style and best managerial approach change according to environmental factors. Different contingency theories examine the match between the leadership approach and the environmental composition. Each of the theories attempts to answer “if-then” contingencies.
Soru 9
According to the managerial grid, which of these managerial styles is high in concern for people and low in concern for production?
Seçenekler
A
Impoverished management
B
Team management.
C
Country Club management.
D
Authority compliance.
E
Middle of the Road management.
Açıklama:
The Managerial Grid composes five managerial or leadership styles through the combination of these two dimensions: Impoverished management -low in both dimensions; Country Club management - high in concern for people and low in concern for production; Team management - high in both concerns; Authority compliance - high in concern for production and low in concern for people; and Middle
of the Road management - intermediate in both dimensions.
of the Road management - intermediate in both dimensions.
Soru 10
Which of the following is referred as the flow of communication between positions and tasks at the same hierarchical level?
Seçenekler
A
Informal communication.
B
Downward communication.
C
Vertical communication.
D
Horizontal communication.
E
Grapevine.
Açıklama:
Flow of communication between positions and tasks at the same hierarchical level is referred to as horizontal communication. Managers and non-managerial employees at all levels are in need to contact each other for organizational and personal achievement.
Soru 11
Which of the following is defined as a process of the attainment of goals by others through planning, organizing, leading, and controlling activities?
Seçenekler
A
Management
B
Leading
C
Organizational effectiveness
D
Organizational efficiency
E
Planning
Açıklama:
Management can be defined as a process: the attainment of goals by others through planning, organizing, leading, and controlling activities.
Soru 12
Which of the following is not among the elements of management process?
Seçenekler
A
Planning
B
Controlling
C
Organising
D
Leading
E
Orienting
Açıklama:
Management process consists of planning, controlling, organizing, leading.
Soru 13
What provides managers the answers to: What? When? Where? and How?
Seçenekler
A
Management structure
B
Control process
C
Managerial planning
D
Organizing function
E
Organizing process
Açıklama:
Managerial planning is the guide function for the management process. It provides managers the answers to: What? When? Where? and How? Planning
is identifying goals and deciding which tasks that will be performed and the resources that will be utilized for reaching these goals.
is identifying goals and deciding which tasks that will be performed and the resources that will be utilized for reaching these goals.
Soru 14
Which of the following is the ability to influence people for attainment of the organizational goals?
Seçenekler
A
Conceptual skill
B
Planning
C
Controlling
D
Leadership
E
Entrepreneur
Açıklama:
Leading is about guiding the organization and/or the group towards the goals.
Leadership is the ability to influence people for attainment of the organizational goals.
Leadership is the ability to influence people for attainment of the organizational goals.
Soru 15
Who is in the middle management level?
Seçenekler
A
Project leader
B
Supervisor
C
Dean
D
CEO
E
Vice-president
Açıklama:
Middle management:
Division head, Plant manager, Dean
Division head, Plant manager, Dean
Soru 16
Which of the following is primarily responsible for implementing the production operations in departments or any type of horizontal unit which they achieve by non-managerial employees?
Seçenekler
A
Disseminator
B
First line management
C
Spokesperson
D
Top management teams
E
Middle level management
Açıklama:
Top management teams are responsible for the entire organization and ensures the coordination of overall activities towards the achievement of ultimate goals.
Middle level management is responsible for overseeing the contribution to the goals and strategies developed by the top management.
First line management team is primarily responsible for implementing the production operations in departments or any type of horizontal unit which they achieve by non-managerial employees.
Middle level management is responsible for overseeing the contribution to the goals and strategies developed by the top management.
First line management team is primarily responsible for implementing the production operations in departments or any type of horizontal unit which they achieve by non-managerial employees.
Soru 17
I. establishing constructive relationships
II. job-specific knowledge,
III. experience,
IV. ability for performing the tasks at a proficient level
V. seeing the organization as a whole
Which of the statements given above is/are among the technical skills?
II. job-specific knowledge,
III. experience,
IV. ability for performing the tasks at a proficient level
V. seeing the organization as a whole
Which of the statements given above is/are among the technical skills?
Seçenekler
A
I, II, III
B
III, IV, V
C
I, IV, V
D
II, III, IV
E
I, III, IV
Açıklama:
Conceptual skills are related to seeing the organization as a whole to reach, coordinate, and integrate resources to attain established goals throughout the organization.
Human skills also referred to as soft skills, are related to establishing constructive relationships with other members of a group.
Technical skills involve job-specific knowledge, experience, and ability for performing the tasks at a proficient level.
Human skills also referred to as soft skills, are related to establishing constructive relationships with other members of a group.
Technical skills involve job-specific knowledge, experience, and ability for performing the tasks at a proficient level.
Soru 18
Which of the following roles is about sharing updated information with relevant individuals, groups, or divisions?
Seçenekler
A
Disseminator
B
Monitoring
C
Spokesperson
D
Entrepreneur
E
Interpersonal
Açıklama:
The monitoring role generates information about the environmental developments, opportunities, or risks.
The disseminator role is about sharing updated information with relevant individuals, groups, or divisions.
The spokesperson role requires managers to reachout to the external parties for providing information about the recent developments, changes, or policies regarding their operations.
Interpersonal roles are about relationships with internal and external stakeholders.
The disseminator role is about sharing updated information with relevant individuals, groups, or divisions.
The spokesperson role requires managers to reachout to the external parties for providing information about the recent developments, changes, or policies regarding their operations.
Interpersonal roles are about relationships with internal and external stakeholders.
Soru 19
Which of the following emphasizes that leadership style and best managerial approach change according to environmental factors?
Seçenekler
A
Managerial Grid
B
Contingency approach
C
Michigan studies
D
Ohio State studies
E
Situational theory
Açıklama:
The contingency approach emphasizes that leadership style and best managerial approach change according to environmental factors.
Soru 20
Which of the following is the informal formation of communication that develops as people interact in organizations?
Seçenekler
A
Personal communication network
B
Non-verbal communication
C
Grapevine
D
Upward communication
E
Vertical communication
Açıklama:
The grapevine is an informal formation of communication that develops as people interact in organizations.
Soru 21
Which of the following refers to the amount of overall resources used for the achievement of organizational goals?
Seçenekler
A
Management
B
Organizational efficiency
C
Organizational effectiveness
D
Organizational performance
E
Managerial planning
Açıklama:
Organizational efficiency on the other hand is about the amount of overall resources used for the achievement of an organizational goal. The correct answer is B.
Soru 22
Which of the following refers to the degree to the achievement of organizational goals based on the statements and expectations?
Seçenekler
A
Management
B
Organizational effectiveness
C
Organizational performance
D
Organizational efficiency
E
Managerial planning
Açıklama:
Organizational effectiveness is the degree to the achievement of organizational goals based on the statements and expectations. The correct answer is B.
Soru 23
Which management function includes identifying goals, reviewing the alternatives, deciding which alternatives to employ?
Seçenekler
A
Organizing
B
Controlling
C
Planning
D
Leading
E
Decision making
Açıklama:
Planning is identifying goals and deciding which tasks that will be performed and the resources that will be utilized for attaining these goals. The correct answer is C.
Soru 24
Which management function includes determining tasks and departments/units, assigning work force, obtaining the overall work environment?
Seçenekler
A
Planning
B
Controlling
C
Organizing
D
Leading
E
Decision-making
Açıklama:
Organizing is determining tasks relevant to goals; grouping tasks by departments; assigning the work force for specific tasks; deciding the authority relationships, and preparing the work environment which includes allocating equipment, technology, and personnel. The correct answer is C.
Soru 25
Which management function includes motivating and guiding towards the goals?
Seçenekler
A
Organizing
B
Controlling
C
Planning
D
Leading
E
Decision making
Açıklama:
Leading, also referred to as directing, is more dynamic than planning and organizing functions. Leading, in other words the leadership process, is about guiding the organization and/ or the group towards the goals. Leading involves more complex activities than what managers do.5 A manager is the person who does the managing job; a leader guides and motivates employees or groups for attaining goals. The correct answer is D.
Soru 26
Which management skill involves job-specific knowledge, experience, and ability for performing the tasks at a proficient level?
Seçenekler
A
Management skill
B
Soft skills
C
Human skills
D
Technical skills
E
Conceptual skills
Açıklama:
Technical skills involve job-specific knowledge, experience, and ability for performing the tasks at a proficient level. Technical skills are directly related to the use of technology, machinery, techniques, methodology, or tests for performing a specific task with high performance. The correct answer is D.
Soru 27
Which management skill is related to establishing constructive relationships with other members of a group?
Seçenekler
A
Technical skills
B
Conceptual skills
C
Management skill
D
Time-management skills
E
Soft skills
Açıklama:
Human skills, also referred to as soft skills, are related to establishing constructive relationships with other members of a group. Possession of such skills enables managers to effectively motivate, communicate, coordinate, and lead. The correct answer is E.
Soru 28
Which management skill is the most critical for top/executive managers?
Seçenekler
A
Human skills
B
Time-management skills
C
Technical skills
D
Soft skills
E
Conceptual skills
Açıklama:
Conceptual skill, are most critical for top/ executive managers. Such analytical ability provides top managers with a strong understanding of the internal and external environment of their organizations and reinforces the quality of strategic decision policies. The correct answer is E.
Soru 29
Which of the following management skills is more important for the first-line or supervisory-level managers?
Seçenekler
A
Technical skills
B
Human skills
C
Soft skills
D
Time-management skills
E
Conceptual skills
Açıklama:
Technical skills are directly related to the task itself and must be possessed by the first-line managers whose task is to see jobs to completion. First-line or supervisory-level managers need not only the technical knowledge relevant to the tasks they are supervising but also must be able to monitor the performance and quality of the employees’ jobs. The expert and efficient use of technology, marketing research, HR training, or the creation of software are just some examples of technical skills that first-line managers of related departments are expected to possess. The correct answer is A.
Soru 30
Which of the following leadership approaches emphasizes that leadership style and best managerial approach change according to the environmental factors?
Seçenekler
A
The contingency approach
B
Traits approach
C
Behavioral perspective
D
Contemporary approach
E
People oriented behaviors
Açıklama:
The contingency approach emphasizes that leadership style and best managerial approach change according to environmental factors. Different contingency theories examine the match between the leadership approach and the environmental composition.24 Each of the theories attempts to answer “if-then” contingencies. Fiedler’s contingency model and situational theory are amongst the models that discuss the fit between the environment and leadership style. The correct answer is A.
Soru 31
Mr. Türkmen, the marketing manager of the company, has set the goal of increasing sales during December 2019. He first needs to map out the necessary steps he and his team of sales representatives must take so that they can increase sales figures. These steps might include initiatives such as increasing advertisements in a particular region, placing some items on sale, enhancing the contact between customers and sales representatives, or contacting prior customers to see if they are interested in purchasing additional products.
Which management function does Mr. Türkmen perform in this process?
Which management function does Mr. Türkmen perform in this process?
Seçenekler
A
Planning
B
Organizing
C
Staffing
D
Leading
E
Controlling
Açıklama:
Management is a process through which required resources are utilized by a sequence of functions starting with planning, followed by organizing, leading, and controlling for attaining organizational goals. The process defined in the question refers to planning as the marketing manager has set a goal and identified the alternative steps to be taken to achieve this goal.
The correct answer is A.
The correct answer is A.
Soru 32
In this workplace, team members are encouraged to stretch their thinking and find new ways to deliver on the brand’s core promises through integrity and positivity. A congenial, diversity-fueled atmosphere nurtures talent and gives everyone a remarkable feeling of support that extends beyond the workplace. This indicates that the company has a strong --------------------------------.
Which of the following terms is described above?
Which of the following terms is described above?
Seçenekler
A
Leadership
B
Controlling process
C
Organization chart
D
Organizational culture
E
Management structure
Açıklama:
An organizational culture is shared values, beliefs, and attitudes that provides its members with a common understanding of the organizational norms and their roles. Thus, a company nurtures talent, encourages employees to think, and gives everyone a remarkable feeling of support has a strong organizational culture.
The correct answer is D.
The correct answer is D.
Soru 33
A manager is known for being leading, inspiring, coordinating, communicating, motivating and understanding. For which of the following type of skills is this manager praised?
Seçenekler
A
Conceptual skills
B
Technical skills
C
Soft skills
D
Administrative skills
E
Problem-solving skills
Açıklama:
Soft skills, also known as human or interpersonal skills, are related to establishing constructive relationships with other members of a group. Possession of such skills enables managers to effectively motivate, communicate, coordinate, and lead. Thus, the question puts an emphasis on the manager's soft or human skills.
The correct answer is C.
The correct answer is C.
Soru 34
A candidate applying to a top management position mentioned strategic thinking, critical thinking and problem solving as her strengths in her resume. Which of the following types of managerial skills does she try to highlight?
Seçenekler
A
Conceptual skills
B
Human skills
C
Soft skills
D
Technical skills
E
First-line management skills
Açıklama:
Conceptual skills are related to seeing the organization as a whole to reach, coordinate, and integrate resources to attain established goals throughout the organization. These goal-oriented skills are especially critical for monitoring as well as analyzing the organizational environment and developing aligned strategies which directly impact the activities of various divisions or functions of an organization. Strategic thinking, analytical thinking and problem solving are included in conceptual skills.
The correct answer is A.
The correct answer is A.
Soru 35
In this role, a manager often acts as a judge, problem solver, or conflict manager. The manager needs to take action to stop small problems from transforming into larger ones. If a manager faces a situation in which employees cannot decide on who will perform an unpleasant but necessary task, the manager must settle the matter.
Which of the following managerial roles is defined above?
Which of the following managerial roles is defined above?
Seçenekler
A
Entrepreneur role
B
Disturbance handler role
C
Monitoring role
D
Disseminator role
E
Spokesperson role
Açıklama:
Roles of negotiator and disturbance handler are fulfilled as part of decision making, which is at the heart of management. When an organization or team is faced with an unexpected problem, it's the manager who must take charge and settle the problem.
The correct answer is B.
The correct answer is B.
Soru 36
Which of the following statements about leadership is not true?
Seçenekler
A
Leadership is about personal qualifications.
B
Leadership is pursuing goals with others.
C
Leadership power comes from followers.
D
Leadership produces change and movement.
E
Leadership is about focusing on the bad to fix it.
Açıklama:
The first four statements about leadership are true. However, leaders should not always focus on the bad and mistakes of their team members. If they focus only on the mistakes of the people around you, they will begin to feel as though everything they do is wrong. This is not a practice that works in professional life. For people, hearing what they do well is just as important as hearing what they do poorly.
The correct answer is E.
The correct answer is E.
Soru 37
Leadership styles and the best managerial approach change according to environmental factors, which means that there is no single “best style”. By definition the business environment is not stable. The composition of internal factors such as financial, technological, and human resources as well as external factors such as economic, political, social, and cultural dynamics shape the leadership style.
Which of the following approaches to leadership is defined above?
Which of the following approaches to leadership is defined above?
Seçenekler
A
Traits approach
B
Behavioral perspective
C
Michigan studies
D
Ohio State studies
E
Contingency approach
Açıklama:
The contingency approach emphasizes that leadership style and best managerial approach change according to environmental factors. Leadership styles and the best managerial approach change according to environmental factors, which means that there is no single “best style”. By definition the business environment is not stable. The composition of internal factors such as financial, technological, and human resources as well as external factors such as economic, political, social, and cultural dynamics shape the leadership style.
The correct answer is E.
The correct answer is E.
Soru 38
A leader does her best to ensure that the needs and desires of her employees are met. She assumes that her staff will yield maximum results as they are likely to be self-motivated when they are lead in such environment. She behaves in a way to respond to all needs of her staff. Employees are happy, and there is harmony in the group. The productivity of the group, however, can suffer from the lack of attention on task.
Which of the following types of leadership styles in the managerial grid does this leader represent?
Which of the following types of leadership styles in the managerial grid does this leader represent?
Seçenekler
A
Impoverished management
B
Country club management
C
Team management
D
Authority compliance
E
Middle of the road management
Açıklama:
The Managerial Grid intersects two basic leadership behaviors, concern for people and concern for production. It places the leader in one of the five styles. The Managerial Grid composes five managerial or leadership styles through the combination of these two dimensions: Impoverished management - low in both dimensions; Country Club management - high in concern for people and low in concern for production; Team management - high in both concerns; Authority compliance - high in concern for production and low in concern for people; and Middle of the Road management - intermediate in both dimensions.
The leadership style defined here is country club management. The leader upholds the needs and desires of her employees, attributing productivity a secondary position.
The correct answer is B.
The leadership style defined here is country club management. The leader upholds the needs and desires of her employees, attributing productivity a secondary position.
The correct answer is B.
Soru 39
Which of the following is the type of communication that refers to establishing relationships in and outside the organization either directly related to formal tasks or only about being a part of social incidents?
Seçenekler
A
Vertical communication
B
Horizontal communication
C
Grapevine
D
Personal networking
E
Non-verbal communication
Açıklama:
Personal networking a type of informal communication refers to establishing relationships in and outside the organization either directly related to formal tasks or only about being a part of social incidents. Personal communication networks include relations with all stakeholders. These networks help managers and employees to get complementary information about the organizational environment as well as employees’ opinions and approach to work.
The correct answer is D.
The correct answer is D.
Soru 40
Hand gestures like the thumbs up or the okay sign are used to indicate satisfaction or approval. However, you must keep in mind that hand gestures change across cultures. The gestures you are familiar with in Turkey might mean something completely different in Germany or Switzerland.
Which form of communication is defined above?
Which form of communication is defined above?
Seçenekler
A
Personal networking
B
Grapevine
C
Non-verbal communication
D
Vertical communication
E
Horizontal communication
Açıklama:
Non-verbal communication is a form of interpersonal communication, intentionally or not, conveyed by body movements, facial expressions, and gestures, explicit, or tenuous. Body language is the most pervasive type of non-verbal language, including natural and artificial scents, usually used as semaphores to emphasize or hide meaning orally communicated.
The multinational work place reveals the importance of cultural differences regarding the use of body language as much as verbal communication. Eye contact, personal space, physical contact, or greeting style differ by cultures. It is critical at incidents such as negotiations to be knowledgeable about other cultures’ body and facial gestures.
The correct answer is C.
The multinational work place reveals the importance of cultural differences regarding the use of body language as much as verbal communication. Eye contact, personal space, physical contact, or greeting style differ by cultures. It is critical at incidents such as negotiations to be knowledgeable about other cultures’ body and facial gestures.
The correct answer is C.
Soru 41
................... is the degree to the achievement of organizational goals based on the statements and expectations. What is defined above?
Seçenekler
A
Organizational performance
B
Organizational effectiveness
C
Organizational efficiency
D
Managerial planning
E
Organizing function
Açıklama:
Organizational effectiveness is the degree to the achievement of organizational goals based on the statements and expectations.
Soru 42
Which is not true for management levels?
Seçenekler
A
The management structure involves three basic layers.
B
At the base of the pyramid non-managerial employees reside.
C
Division head and Dean are in the group of Top/Executive management.
D
All management levels are interconnected.
E
Section chief and Project leader are in the group of First Line / supervisory management.
Açıklama:
Management Levels
The management structure in traditional terms involves three basic layers: Top/executive, middle, and first line/supervisory levels. At the base of the pyramid non-managerial or non-supervisory employees reside. These three management levels are interconnected although each management level has a
different set of functions and requires different managerial qualifications.
The management structure in traditional terms involves three basic layers: Top/executive, middle, and first line/supervisory levels. At the base of the pyramid non-managerial or non-supervisory employees reside. These three management levels are interconnected although each management level has a
different set of functions and requires different managerial qualifications.
Soru 43
Which of the following is about the amount of overall resources used for the achievement of an organizational goal?
Seçenekler
A
Organizational goal
B
Organizational management
C
Organizational performance
D
Organizational efficieny
E
Organizational effectiveness
Açıklama:
Organizational efficiency is about the amount of overall resources used for the achievement of an organizational goal.On the other hand; organizational effectiveness is the degree to the achievement of organizational goals. The correct answer is D.
Soru 44
In management process, which of the following is an element of controlling process?
Seçenekler
A
Identifying goals
B
Reviewing the alternatives
C
Determining tasks and departments
D
Guiding towards the goals
E
Taking corrective steps
Açıklama:
Controlling is the monitoring function of the management process and is critical for the success of other management functions. The progress towards the organizational goals of any type is monitored, measured, assessed, and if necessary modified through the controlling function.The correct answer is E.
Soru 45
Which of the following is the monitoring function of management?
Seçenekler
A
Establishing
B
Planning
C
Leading
D
Controlling
E
Organizing
Açıklama:
Control process involves establishing standarts and/or plans for the process/ es subject to controlling; measuring the outcome or performance; overseeing the match between the s and performance for the given process; and taking necessary actions. Controlling is the monitoring function of the management process. The correct answer is D.
Soru 46
I. Top/Executive Management II.Non-supervisory Management III. Middle Management IV. Supervisory Management Which of the layers listed above are considered to be the basic levels of management structure?
Seçenekler
A
I, III and IV
B
I, II and III
C
I, II and IV
D
II,III and IV
E
I, II, III and IV
Açıklama:
The management structure in traditional terms involves three basic layers: Top/executive, middle, and first line/supervisory levels (Figure 3.3). At the base of the pyramid non-managerial or non-supervisory employees reside. These three management levels are interconnected although each management level has a different set of functions and requires different managerial qualifications. The correct answer is A.
Soru 47
Which of the following is a member of middle management?
Seçenekler
A
CEO
B
COO
C
Dean
D
Rector
E
Vice-president
Açıklama:
CEO, COO, President, Vice-president, Rector, Board of directors are members of executive management. However, dean is a member of middle management. The correct answer is C.
Soru 48
Which skills involve job-specific knowledge, experience, and ability for performing the tasks at a proficient level?
Seçenekler
A
Management skills
B
Soft skills
C
Human skills
D
Conceptual skills
E
Technical skills
Açıklama:
Management skill is a combination of knowledge, behaviors, and attitudes for performing a task.Conceptual skills are related to seeing the organization as a whole to reach, coordinate, and integrate resources to attain established goals throughout the organization. Human skills also referred to as soft skills, are related to establishing constructive relationships with other members of a group. Technical skills involve job-specific knowledge, experience, and ability for performing the tasks at a proficient level. The correct answer is E.
Soru 49
Which skills are the most critical for top/ executive managers?
Seçenekler
A
Management skills
B
Soft skills
C
Human skills
D
Conceptual skills
E
Technical skills
Açıklama:
Conceptual skill, are most critical for top/ executive managers. Such analytical ability provides top managers with a strong understanding of the internal and external environment of their organizations and reinforces the quality of strategic decision policies. The correct answer is D.
Soru 50
Which role is about sharing updated information with relevant individuals, groups, or division?
Seçenekler
A
Monitoring role
B
Disseminator role
C
Spokesperson role
D
Informational role
E
Decisional role
Açıklama:
The monitoring role generates information about the environmental developments, opportunities, or risks. The disseminator role is about sharing updated information with relevant individuals, groups, or divisions. The spokesperson role requires managers to reachout to the external parties for providing information about the recent developments, changes, or policies regarding their operations.Informational roles aims a constant flow of information throughout the internal organization as well as transmitting information to and from the external environment.Decisional roles are related to the decision making behaviors of management teams The correct answer is B.
Soru 51
Which approach emphasizes that leadership style and best managerial approach change according to environmental factors?
Seçenekler
A
Contingency Approach
B
Managerial Grid
C
Traits Approach
D
Behavorial Perspective
E
Contemporary Leadership
Açıklama:
The contingency approach emphasizes that leadership style and best managerial approach change according to environmental factors. Different contingency theories examine the match between the leadership approach and the environmental composition. The correct answer is A.
Soru 52
Which refers to communication channels between hierarchical levels either in the downward or upward direction?
Seçenekler
A
Informal communication
B
Horizontal communication
C
Vertical communication
D
Downward communication
E
Upward communication
Açıklama:
Vertical communication refers to communication channels between hierarchical levels either in the downward or upward direction. Downward communication is the channel from top managerial levels to the rest of the organization. Upward communication follows a route from bottom to top, that is from employees to managers at any hierarchical level.Horizontal communication forms between positions and tasks at the same hierarchical level.Informal communication occurs outside the formal communication based on personal relations.The correct answer is C.
Soru 53
............ is responsible for overseeing the contribution to the organizational goals and strategies. Department heads, branch, or plant managers are in this group. Which level of management is described above?
Seçenekler
A
top management
B
middle management
C
executive management
D
first line management
E
supervisory management
Açıklama:
Middle managers are department heads, branch, or plant managers. Middle level management is responsible for overseeing the contribution to the organizational goals and strategies developed by the top management.
Soru 54
Which information is true for managerial roles? I.Monitoring roles channel information about the environmental developments, opportunities, or risks. II. The interpersonal roles of managers are about relationships with internal and external stakeholders. III.The disseminator role is about sharing updated information with relevant individuals, groups, or divisions.
Seçenekler
A
Only II
B
Only III
C
I and II
D
II and III
E
I, II and III
Açıklama:
Monitoring roles channel information about the environmental developments, opportunities, or risks.
The disseminator role is about sharing updated information with relevant individuals, groups, or divisions.
The interpersonal roles of managers are about relationships with internal and external stakeholders such as employees, customers, relevant interest groups, or suppliers - even communities where a company has its headquarters or markets its goods or services.
The disseminator role is about sharing updated information with relevant individuals, groups, or divisions.
The interpersonal roles of managers are about relationships with internal and external stakeholders such as employees, customers, relevant interest groups, or suppliers - even communities where a company has its headquarters or markets its goods or services.
Soru 55
.............. channel information about the environmental developments, opportunities, or risks. Accumulation of such information is vital to connection of the organization to the external environment. Which roles are mentioned above?
Seçenekler
A
spokesperson roles
B
disseminator roles
C
informational roles
D
monitoring roles
E
decisional roles
Açıklama:
Decisional roles are related to the decision making behaviors of management teams.
Monitoring roles channel information about the environmental developments, opportunities, or risks. Accumulation of such information is vital to connection of the organization to the external environment.
Informational Roles: This group of roles directs a constant flow of information throughout the internal organization as well as transmitting information to and from the external environment.
The disseminator role is about sharing updated information with relevant individuals, groups, or divisions.
The spokesperson role requires managers to reachout to the external parties for providing information about the recent developments, changes, or policies regarding their operations.
Monitoring roles channel information about the environmental developments, opportunities, or risks. Accumulation of such information is vital to connection of the organization to the external environment.
Informational Roles: This group of roles directs a constant flow of information throughout the internal organization as well as transmitting information to and from the external environment.
The disseminator role is about sharing updated information with relevant individuals, groups, or divisions.
The spokesperson role requires managers to reachout to the external parties for providing information about the recent developments, changes, or policies regarding their operations.
Soru 56
Which is not true for management and leadership roles?
Seçenekler
A
Leadership is based on position.
B
Management is attaining goals through others.
C
Leadership is pursuing goals with others.
D
Management authority is based on legal authority.
E
Leadership produces change and movement.
Açıklama:
Beside similarities between the management and leadership roles, there are also distinguishing characteristics. Few are:
• Management is based on position; leadership is about personal qualifications.
• Management is attaining goals through others; leadership is pursuing goals with others.
• Management authority is based on legal authority; leadership power comes from followers.
• Management produces order and consistency; leadership produces change and movement
• Management is based on position; leadership is about personal qualifications.
• Management is attaining goals through others; leadership is pursuing goals with others.
• Management authority is based on legal authority; leadership power comes from followers.
• Management produces order and consistency; leadership produces change and movement
Soru 57
.............. was one of the first attempts to study leadership and referred more to innate characteristics of “great people”. Specific characteristics can distinguish a leader from a manager’s profile. What is defined above?
Seçenekler
A
The behavioral perspective
B
Task-oriented behaviors
C
The traits approach
D
The managerial grid
E
The contingency approach
Açıklama:
The traits approach was one of the first attempts to study leadership and referred more to innate characteristics of “great people”. Specific traits and characteristics can distinguish a leader from a manager’s profile. The relevant studies show that the emphasis on distinctive and critical leadership traits changes by periods. Traits of earlier periods such as initiative and sociability have expanded into traits such as selfmonitoring and problem solving.
Soru 58
................... emphasizes that leadership style and best managerial approach change according to environmental factors. What is defined above?
Seçenekler
A
The traits approach
B
The behavioral perspective
C
Initiating structure
D
The contingency approach
E
The managerial grid
Açıklama:
The contingency approach emphasizes that leadership style and best managerial approach change according to environmental factors. Different contingency theories examine the match between the leadership approach and the
environmental composition.
environmental composition.
Soru 59
Flow of communication between positions and tasks at the same hierarchical level is referred to as ................ Managers and non-managerial employees at all levels are in need to contact each other for organizational and personal achievement. What type of communication is defined above?
Seçenekler
A
Upward communication
B
Informal communication
C
Non-verbal communication
D
Grapevine
E
Horizontal communication
Açıklama:
Flow of communication between positions and tasks at the same hierarchical level is referred to as horizontal communication. Managers and non-managerial employees at all levels are in need to contact each other for organizational and personal achievement.
Soru 60
Which information is not true for Situational Theory?
Seçenekler
A
It seeks for the appropriate combination between the leadership style and environmental circumstances.
B
It emphasizes that the leadership style is contingent.
C
Leadership is shaped by the demands of situations where employees are the situational variables.
D
It was originated by Hershey and Blanchard.
E
This theory refers to two primary leadership styles which are directive and supportive.
Açıklama:
Fiedler’s model seeks for the appropriate combination between the leadership style and environmental circumstances with an aim to determine the most efficient leadership outcome.
Situational theory. This approach also emphasizes that the leadership style is contingent. The premise of the situational theory: Leadership is shaped by the demands of situations where employees are the situational variables.
The premise of the situational theory: Leadership is shaped by the demands of situations where employees are the situational variables.
Situational theory was originated by Hershey and Blanchard.
This theory refers to two primary leadership styles which are directive and supportive.
Situational theory. This approach also emphasizes that the leadership style is contingent. The premise of the situational theory: Leadership is shaped by the demands of situations where employees are the situational variables.
The premise of the situational theory: Leadership is shaped by the demands of situations where employees are the situational variables.
Situational theory was originated by Hershey and Blanchard.
This theory refers to two primary leadership styles which are directive and supportive.
Soru 61
Which of the following can be defined as the degree to the achievement of organizational goals based on the statements and expectations?
Seçenekler
A
Organization chart
B
Organizing process
C
Organizational efficiency
D
Organizing function
E
Organizational effectiveness
Açıklama:
Organizational effectiveness is the degree to the achievement of organizational goals based on the statements and expectations. The correct answer is E.
Soru 62
Which of the following is directly about the amount of overall resources used for the achievement of an organizational goal?
Seçenekler
A
Organizational effectiveness
B
Organization chart
C
Organizing process
D
Organizing function
E
Organizational efficiency
Açıklama:
Organizational effectiveness is the degree to the achievement of organizational goals based on the statements and expectations. Organizational efficiency on the other hand is about the amount of overall resources used for the achievement of an organizational goal. The correct answer is E.
Soru 63
Which of the following is not among the four management functions?
Seçenekler
A
Controlling
B
Leading
C
Organizing
D
Marketing
E
Planning
Açıklama:
Management is a process through which required resources are utilized by a sequence of functions starting with planning, followed by organizing, leading, and controlling for attaining organizational goals. Although each of the functions takes part and contributes to the management process from a different perspective, they are interconnected and complement each other. The correct answer is D.
Soru 64
Which management function is about identifying goals and deciding which tasks that will be performed and the resources that will be utilized for attaining these goals?
Seçenekler
A
Organizing
B
Leading
C
Marketing
D
Planning
E
Controlling
Açıklama:
Planning is identifying goals and deciding which tasks that will be performed and the resources that will be utilized for attaining these goals. The correct answer is D.
Soru 65
Which management function is about guiding the organization and/ or the group towards the goals?
Seçenekler
A
Organizing
B
Planning
C
Leading
D
Marketing
E
Controlling
Açıklama:
Leading, also referred to as directing, is more dynamic than planning and organizing functions. Leading, in other words the leadership process, is about guiding the organization and/ or the group towards the goals. Leading involves more complex activities than what managers do. The correct answer is C.
Soru 66
Which of the following communication form refers to the channel from top managerial levels to the rest of the organization?
Seçenekler
A
Upward communication
B
Horizontal communication
C
Downward communication
D
Vertical communication
E
Non-verbal communication
Açıklama:
Downward communication is the channel from top managerial levels to the rest of the organization. Downward communication covers a content such as the transmission of the rationale of organizational goals, directives, overall strategies, values, principles, performance assessment results, developments in the external environment, and changes. The correct answer is C.
Soru 67
Which of the following communication form refers to the communication between positions and tasks at the same hierarchical level?
Seçenekler
A
Non-verbal communication
B
Horizontal communication
C
Upward communication
D
Downward communication
E
Vertical communication
Açıklama:
Horizontal communication forms between positions and tasks at the same hierarchical level. The correct answer is B.
Soru 68
Which of the following leadership theory/approach emphasizes that leadership style and best managerial approach change according to environmental factors?
Seçenekler
A
Traits approach
B
Contingency approach
C
Behavioral perspective
D
Consideration behavior
E
Initiating structure
Açıklama:
The contingency approach emphasizes that leadership style and best managerial approach change according to environmental factors. The correct answer is B.
Soru 69
What is the emphasis of people oriented leadership behaviors?
Seçenekler
A
Supportive approach to subordinates
B
Formal processes such as designing roles and responsibilities
C
Production and technical aspects of a job
D
The accomplishment of organizational goals and results
E
Changing approaches according to the circumstances
Açıklama:
People-oriented behaviors indicate a supportive approach to subordinates. Managers with this type of orientation dealt with high performance goals and human needs. Today, we must suggest that the success and effectiveness of different behaviors depend on the necessity of the circumstances which is influenced by constant change. The correct answer is A.
Soru 70
Which management function provides the appropriate work place for implementing the plans?
Seçenekler
A
Organizing
B
Leading
C
Controlling
D
Planning
E
Marketing
Açıklama:
The organizing function of the management process follows planning and provides the appropriate work place for implementing the plans. In other words, organizing the work place enables the managers to start the operations in alignment with the organizational goals and plans. The organizing process is determining tasks relevant to goals; grouping tasks by departments; assigning the work force for specific tasks; deciding the authority relationships, and preparing the work environment which includes allocating equipment, technology, and personnel. The correct answer is A.
Soru 71
................ is the degree to the achievement of organizational goals.
Seçenekler
A
Organizational efficiency
B
Organizational effectiveness
C
Organizational performance
D
Organizational activities
E
Organizational balance
Açıklama:
Organizational effectiveness is the degree to the achievement of organizational goals. The correct answer is B.
Soru 72
Which of the given is NOT among the functions of management to attain organizational goals?
Seçenekler
A
Controlling
B
Planning
C
Leading
D
Focusing
E
Organizing
Açıklama:
Management is a process of a sequence of functions:
- planning,
- organizing,
- leading,
- controlling
Soru 73
I. Identifying goals
II. Assigning work force
III. Deciding which alternatives to employ
Which of the given above is among the activities carried out during the planning process?
II. Assigning work force
III. Deciding which alternatives to employ
Which of the given above is among the activities carried out during the planning process?
Seçenekler
A
Only II
B
I & II
C
I & III
D
II & III
E
I, II & III
Açıklama:
The planning process is carried out by identifying goal/s, reviewing the alternative ways or methods including the resources involved, and deciding which alternative/s to employ. The correct answer is C.
Soru 74
Managers can determine tasks relevant to goals, decide the authority relationships, and prepare the work environment during .................... function of the management process.
Seçenekler
A
organizing
B
planning
C
leading
D
forcing
E
controlling
Açıklama:
Organizing is determining tasks relevant to goals; grouping tasks by departments; assigning the work force for specific tasks; deciding the authority relationships, and preparing the work environment which includes allocating equipment, technology, and personnel. The correct answer is A.
Soru 75
Which of the given is NOT among the activities carried out during control process?
Seçenekler
A
Setting up goals and plans
B
Preparing the work environment
C
Measuring performance
D
Comparing what is expected to what is realized
E
Taking necessary actions
Açıklama:
The control process involves establishing standards and/or plans for the process/es subject to controlling; measuring the outcome or performance; overseeing the match between the standarts and actual performance for a given process; and applying corrective measures, maintaining a present course of action; or formulating a new or modified plan of action as necessary. The correct answer is B.
Soru 76
I. Executive level
II. Middle level
III. Supervisory level
Which of the given above is among the layers of the management structure?
II. Middle level
III. Supervisory level
Which of the given above is among the layers of the management structure?
Seçenekler
A
Only II
B
I & II
C
I & III
D
II & III
E
I, II & III
Açıklama:
The management structure in traditional terms involves three basic layers:
- Top/executive level
- Middle level
- First line/supervisory level
Soru 77
I. Supervisors
II. Chief executive officers
III. Branch managers
IV. Project leaders
Which of the given above are among the first line managers?
II. Chief executive officers
III. Branch managers
IV. Project leaders
Which of the given above are among the first line managers?
Seçenekler
A
I, II & III
B
I, II & IV
C
I, III & IV
D
II, III & IV
E
I, II, III & IV
Açıklama:
First-line managers are supervisors, branch managers, section chiefs, shift managers, or project leaders. The correct answer is C.
Soru 78
Which skill is related to machinery, the use of technology, job-specific knowledge, experience, and ability for performing the tasks at a proficient level?
Seçenekler
A
Management skills
B
Conceptuall skills
C
Human skills
D
Technical skills
E
Soft skills
Açıklama:
Technical skills involve job-specific knowledge, experience, and ability for performing the tasks at a proficient level. Technical skills are directly related to the use of technology, machinery, techniques, methodology, or tests for performing a specific task with high performance.The correct answer is D.
Soru 79
Which of the given roles is about being innovative and of paramount importance in today’s competitive environment?
Seçenekler
A
Negotiator
B
Entrepreneur
C
Resource allocator
D
Disseminator role
E
Spokesperson role
Açıklama:
The entrepreneur as a decisional role is about being innovative and of paramount importance in today’s competitive environment. The correct answer is B.
Soru 80
Which of the given is NOT a component of the communication process?
Seçenekler
A
Message
B
Sender
C
Source
D
Channel
E
Organization
Açıklama:
The communication process is composed of components each of which is key to the success of the process: the message, source/s (sender), encoding, medium (channel), receiver, decoding, noise, and feedback. The correct answer is E.
Ünite 4
Soru 1
- Global competition
- Workforce diversity
- Downsizing
- Reengineering
- Outsourcing
Which of the given developments in business influence human resource management functions in all industries?
Seçenekler
A
I, II, III, IV and V
B
II, III, IV and V
C
I, III, IV and V
D
I, II, IV and V
E
I, II, III and V
Açıklama:
Many environmental factors and developments in business like global competition, workforce diversity, downsizing, reengineering, and outsourcing influence human resource management functions in all industries.
Soru 2
- Acquiring, training, appraising, and compensating employees
- Attending to their labor relations
- Health and safety
- Fairness concerns
"Human resource management (HRM) is the process of.........." which of the given phrases can fill in the blank correctly?
Seçenekler
A
I, II and IV
B
I, II and III
C
II, III and IV
D
I, III and IV
E
I, II, III and IV
Açıklama:
Human resource management (HRM) is the process of acquiring, training, appraising, and compensating employees, and of attending to their labor relations, health and safety, and fairness concerns.
Soru 3
Which of the following is one of the things that companies must do depending on the new trends shaping human resource management?
Seçenekler
A
focus more on big picture issues such as helping the company achieve its strategic goals
B
find new ways to provide transactional services such as benefits administration
C
be organized around empowered teams
D
manage ethically
E
create high performance work systems
Açıklama:
So companies must be
• More competitive • Faster and more responsive • More cost-effective • Human capital • Downsized • Leaner • Organized around empowered teams • More scientific in how they make decisions • More fiscally conservative
• More competitive • Faster and more responsive • More cost-effective • Human capital • Downsized • Leaner • Organized around empowered teams • More scientific in how they make decisions • More fiscally conservative
Soru 4
- Personal characteristics
- Job characteristics
- Organizational factors
- Workforce and demographic trends
- Government regulations
- Economic challenges and trends
Which of the given are internal environmental factors affecting HRM?
Seçenekler
A
I, II, IV
B
I, IV, V
C
II, IV, VI
D
I, II, III
E
IV, V, VI
Açıklama:
Internal environmental factors affecting HRM are personal characteristics, job characteristics, and organizational factors.
Soru 5
- Personal characteristics
- Job characteristics
- Organizational factors
- Workforce and demographic trends
- Government regulations
- Economic challenges and trends
Which of the given are external environmental factors affecting HRM?
Seçenekler
A
I, II, III
B
II, III, IV
C
III, IV, V
D
I, IV, V
E
IV, V, VI
Açıklama:
External environmental factors affecting HRM are workforce and demographic trends, government regulations, and economic challenges and trends.
Soru 6
Which of the following gives the correct order of the steps of human resource planning?
Seçenekler
A
conducting a job analysis;
forecasting demand;
forecasting the supply human resources;
matching the demand and supply of human resources.
forecasting demand;
forecasting the supply human resources;
matching the demand and supply of human resources.
B
conducting a job analysis;
forecasting the supply human resources;
forecasting demand;
matching the demand and supply of human resources.
forecasting the supply human resources;
forecasting demand;
matching the demand and supply of human resources.
C
conducting a job analysis;
forecasting demand;
matching the demand and supply of human resources;
forecasting the supply human resources.
forecasting demand;
matching the demand and supply of human resources;
forecasting the supply human resources.
D
forecasting demand;
forecasting the supply human resources;
conducting a job analysis;
matching the demand and supply of human resources.
forecasting the supply human resources;
conducting a job analysis;
matching the demand and supply of human resources.
E
forecasting demand;
conducting a job analysis;
forecasting the supply human resources;
matching the demand and supply of human resources.
conducting a job analysis;
forecasting the supply human resources;
matching the demand and supply of human resources.
Açıklama:
Human resource planning generally follows four steps: (1) conducting a job analysis; (2) forecasting demand; (3) forecasting the supply human resources; and (4) matching the demand and supply of human resources.
Soru 7
Which of the following concept/definition pair is correctly given?
Seçenekler
A
Job analysis / is the availability of workers with the required skills in the future.
B
A job description /is a document containing the minimum acceptable qualifications that a person should possess in order to perform a particular job.
C
A job specification / is a written document that identifies, defines, and describes a job in terms of its duties, responsibilities, and work conditions.
D
Labor demand / determines how many and what type of employees the organization needs in the future.
E
Labor supply / is the systematic process of determining the skills, duties, and knowledge required for performing specific jobs in an organization.
Açıklama:
Labor demand determines how many and what type of employees the organization needs in the future.
Soru 8
Which of the following is one of the advantages of internal recruiting sources?
Seçenekler
A
New “blood” brings new perspectives
B
Cheaper and faster than training professionals
C
Morale of promotion
D
No group of political supporters in organization already
E
May bring new industry insights
Açıklama:
the advantages of internal recruiting sources;
• Morale of promotion • Better assessment of abilities • Lower costs for some jobs • Motivator for good performance • Causes a succession of promotio
• Morale of promotion • Better assessment of abilities • Lower costs for some jobs • Motivator for good performance • Causes a succession of promotio
Soru 9
Which of the following is one of the disadvantages of external recruiting sources?
Seçenekler
A
Longer adjustment or orientation time
B
Inbreeding
C
Motivator for good performance
D
Political infighting for promotions
E
Need for a management development program
Açıklama:
The disadvantages of external recruiting sources;
• May not select someone who will fit the job or organization
• May cause morale problems for internal candidates not selected
• Longer adjustment or orientation time.
• May not select someone who will fit the job or organization
• May cause morale problems for internal candidates not selected
• Longer adjustment or orientation time.
Soru 10
Which of the following concept / definition pair is given correctly?
Seçenekler
A
Training / is the process of determining and communicating to an employee how he or she is performing on the job.
B
A bonus / is an individual performance incentive in the form of a special payment made over and above the employee’s salary.
C
Performance appraisal / is the total of all rewards provided employees in return for work and services performed.
D
Compensations / is an indirect reward given to an employee or a group of employees as a part of organizational membership.
E
A benefit / is a continual process of providing employees with skills and knowledge they need to perform at a high level.
Açıklama:
A bonus is an individual performance incentive in the form of a special payment made over and above the employee’s salary.
Soru 11
which one of the following terms refers to the process of acquiring, training, appraising, and compensating employees, and of attending to their labor relations, health and safety, and fairness concerns?
Seçenekler
A
Workforce diversity
B
Human resource management
C
Strategic human resource management
D
Internal environmental factor
E
External environmental factor
Açıklama:
Human resource management (HRM) is the process of acquiring, training, appraising, and compensating employees, and of attending to their labor relations, health and safety, and fairness concerns.
Soru 12
I. government regulations
II. personal characteristics
III. organizational factors
Which one(s) of the statements above is/are among the internal environmental factors affecting human resource management?
II. personal characteristics
III. organizational factors
Which one(s) of the statements above is/are among the internal environmental factors affecting human resource management?
Seçenekler
A
Only I
B
Only II
C
Only III
D
I-II
E
II-III
Açıklama:
Internal environmental factors are issues that can be found within an organization’s internal environment. These factors can be indicated as personal and organizational factors, job characteristics in the organization, and interpersonal relationships.
Soru 13
Which one of the following factors refers to the changing worker demographics such as gender, age, ethnicity, seniority, and occupation?
Seçenekler
A
Personal characteristics
B
Job characteristics
C
Organizational factors
D
Workforce diversity
E
Government regulations
Açıklama:
Workforce diversity :One of the most powerful forces affecting work organizations is changing worker demographics such as gender, age, ethnicity, seniority, and occupation. The age distribution, characteristics, values, and
expectations of today’s workforce are remarkably different from that of the past
expectations of today’s workforce are remarkably different from that of the past
Soru 14
Which one of the following is not among the four steps followed by human resource planning?
Seçenekler
A
carrying out a needs analysis for the positions
B
conducting a job analysis
C
forecasting demand
D
forecasting the supply human resources
E
matching the demand and supply of human resources
Açıklama:
Human resource planning generally follows four steps: (1) conducting a job analysis; (2) forecasting demand; (3) forecasting the supply human resources; and (4) matching the demand and supply of human resources.
Soru 15
Which one of the following terms refers to the systematic process of determining the skills, duties, and knowledge required for performing specific jobs in an organization?
Seçenekler
A
Human resource planning
B
Job analysis
C
Job description
D
Labor demand
E
Replacement chart
Açıklama:
Job analysis is the systematic process of determining the skills, duties, and knowledge required for performing specific jobs in an organization.
Soru 16
Which of the following is not among the most used leading indicators for forecasting personnel demand?
Seçenekler
A
Inventory levels
B
Sales levels
C
Employment levels
D
Profit levels
E
Satisfaction levels
Açıklama:
A leading indicator is an objective measure that accurately predicts future labor demand. Inventory levels, sales levels, employment levels and profit levels are the most used leading indicators for forecasting personnel demand.
Soru 17
Which of the following is the computerized databank containing information on the education, skills, and experience of all present employees?
Seçenekler
A
Labor supply
B
Replacement chart
C
Skills inventory
D
Job specification
E
Job description
Açıklama:
A skills inventory (human resource information system) is a computerized
databank containing information on the education, skills, and experience of all
present employees.
databank containing information on the education, skills, and experience of all
present employees.
Soru 18
Which of the following is an advantage of internal recruiting sources?
Seçenekler
A
New “blood” brings new perspectives
B
Cheaper and faster than training professionals
C
Better assessment of abilities
D
No group of political supporters in organization already
E
May bring new industry insights
Açıklama:
Better assessment of abilities is an internal advantage but the others are the advantages of external sources
Soru 19
Which of the following is a disadvantage of external recruiting sources?
Seçenekler
A
Longer adjustment or orientation time
B
Inbreeding
C
Possible morale problems of those not promoted
D
Political infighting for promotions
E
Need for a management development program
Açıklama:
Longer“adjustment”or orientation time is an external disadvantage but the others are intrenal
Soru 20
Which of the following refers the recruitment method which requires communicating the firm’s employment needs to the public through media such as newspapers, radio and television?
Seçenekler
A
Job posting
B
Employee referrals
C
Online recruitment
D
Advertising
E
College recruiting
Açıklama:
Advertising is a way of communicating the firm’s employment needs to the public through media such as newspapers, radio and television
Soru 21
.................... consists of all the activities involved in acquiring, maintaining, and developing an organization’s human resources.
Which of the following completes the sentence above?
Which of the following completes the sentence above?
Seçenekler
A
Marketing Management
B
Accounting
C
Business Administration
D
Human resource management
E
Finance Management
Açıklama:
Human resource management (HRM) consists of all the activities involved in acquiring, maintaining, and developing an organization’s human resources. The correct answer is D.
Soru 22
Which of the following is not covered by the human resources management process?
Seçenekler
A
Appraising
B
Compensating employees
C
Acquiring
D
Reporting
E
Training
Açıklama:
The correct answer is D. The correct answer is D. Reporting is made within the scope of accounting process.
Soru 23
I. Workforce diversity
II. Organizational factors
III. Personal characteristics
IV. Government regulations
Which of the statements given above is/are among the internal factors that direct human resources?
II. Organizational factors
III. Personal characteristics
IV. Government regulations
Which of the statements given above is/are among the internal factors that direct human resources?
Seçenekler
A
I and II
B
III and IV
C
II and III
D
II and IV
E
I and IV
Açıklama:
Statement II and IV are internal factors that direct human resources management. Expression I and III is one of the external factors that direct human resources management.
Soru 24
Which of the following is not covered by organizational factors affecting human resources management?
Seçenekler
A
Size of the organizations
B
Environmental climate
C
Seniority
D
Top management
E
Structure of the organization
Açıklama:
Organizational factors affecting human resource management are the size of the organizations, environmental climate, top management, structure of the organization and the sector, and the characteristics of the industry that the organization operates. Seniority is the factor of workface diversity that affects human resources management.
Soru 25
Which of the following is not among the factors affecting the best human resource management?
Seçenekler
A
Sector
B
Employee numbers
C
Financial situation
D
Employee skills
E
Law
Açıklama:
There is not only one and the best way for managing human
resources. Based on size, sector, employee numbers, financial
situation, employee skills and location, each company develops
its own HRM program.
resources. Based on size, sector, employee numbers, financial
situation, employee skills and location, each company develops
its own HRM program.
Soru 26
Which of the following is not among human resource management activities?
Seçenekler
A
Planning
B
Leading
C
Recruitment
D
Orientation
E
Selection process
Açıklama:
The correct answer is B. Human resources management activities include planning, recruitment, selection and orientation.
Soru 27
Which of the following is responsible to external environment for adapting organization’s
human resource strategy to the new developments occurring outside the organization?
human resource strategy to the new developments occurring outside the organization?
Seçenekler
A
Salesman
B
Accountant
C
Managers
D
Shareholder
E
Auditor
Açıklama:
Managers should pay close attention to external environment for adapting organization’s human resource strategy to the new developments occurring outside the organization.
Soru 28
Which of the following is not among the ways of evaluating performance in human resources management?
Seçenekler
A
Firings
B
Layoffs
C
Promotions
D
Merit
E
Orientation
Açıklama:
One of the most common uses of performance appraisals is for making
administrative decisions relating to promotions, firings, layoffs, and merit pay increases. Orientation is not included in these activities.
administrative decisions relating to promotions, firings, layoffs, and merit pay increases. Orientation is not included in these activities.
Soru 29
I. Wage payment
II. Base compensation
III. Benefits
IV. Pay incentives
Which of the statements given above is/are components of compensation?
II. Base compensation
III. Benefits
IV. Pay incentives
Which of the statements given above is/are components of compensation?
Seçenekler
A
III and IV
B
I, II, III and IV
C
I and IV
D
II, III and IV
E
II and III
Açıklama:
The compensation program has three components. These are base compensation, pay incentives and benefits.
Soru 30
Which of the following is among the internal environmental factors affecting human resource management?
Seçenekler
A
Organizational factors
B
Workforce trends
C
Demographic trends
D
Governmental regulations
E
Economic challenges
Açıklama:
Internal environmental factors affecting HRM are personal characteristics, job characteristics, and organizational factors.External environmental factors affecting HRM are workforce and demographic trends, government regulations, and economic challenges and trends.The correct answer is A.
Soru 31
_________ is the process of assessing the future human resource need, determining the availability of the type of people needed and creating plans for how to meet the need.
Which of the following completes the sentence above?
Which of the following completes the sentence above?
Seçenekler
A
Human resources
B
Human resource management
C
Human resource planning
D
Human resource strategy
E
Human resource regulation
Açıklama:
Human resource planning is the process of assessing the future human resource need, determining the availability of the type of people needed and creating plans for how to meet the need.The correct answer is C.
Soru 32
Which of the following defines the labor demand?
Seçenekler
A
It is the availability of workers with the required skills in the future.
B
It determines how many and what type of employees the organization needs in the future.
C
It is a document containing the minimum acceptable qualifications that a person should possess in order to perform a particular job.
D
It is a written document that identifies, defines, and describes a job in terms of its duties, responsibilities, and work conditions.
E
It is the systematic process of determining the skills, duties, and knowledge required for performing specific jobs in an organization.
Açıklama:
The first human resource planning activity entails forecasting labor demand.Labor demand determines how many and what type of employees the organization needs in the future.The key objective is to determine how many and what type of employees the firm needs at a point in the future. For example, many Japanese electronics firms estimated in the mid-1990s that the product segments of music and games would increase at double-digit rates for 20 years. Much of the assembly work of putting together the various components of the music and game playing machines would require relative low-skilled and low-cost labor.
Soru 33
Which of the following is a computerized databank containing information on the education, skills, and experience of all present employees?
Seçenekler
A
A replacement chart
B
A job description
C
A skills inventory
D
A job specification
E
A skills specification
Açıklama:
A skills inventory (human resource information system) is a computerized databank containing information on the education, skills, and experience of all present employees.The correct answer is C.
Soru 34
Which of the following is an advantage of internal recruiting sources?
Seçenekler
A
New “blood” brings new perspectives.
B
It is cheaper and faster than training professionals.
C
It may bring new industry insights.
D
It requires longer“adjustment”or orientation time.
E
It causes a succession of promotions
Açıklama:
Options A,B and C are advantages of external recruiting sources whereas option D is a disadvantage of external recruiting.
It is clear that using internal recruiting sources causes a succession of promotions. The correct answer is E.
It is clear that using internal recruiting sources causes a succession of promotions. The correct answer is E.
Soru 35
Which of the following is considered to be a disadvantage of using external recruiting sources?
Seçenekler
A
It may not select someone who will “fit” the job or organization.
B
It is inbreeding.
C
There are possible morale problems of those not promoted.
D
There is “political”infighting for promotions.
E
It brings about a need for a management development program.
Açıklama:
Options B,C,D and E are disadvantages of using internal recruiting sources. However, option A is a disadvantage of using external recruiting sources. The correct answer is A.
Soru 36
Which of the following ways of recruitment involves sending an employer’s representatives to college campuses to prescreen applicants and create an applicant pool from the graduating classes ?
Seçenekler
A
Internal recruitment
B
Advertising
C
Online recruitment
D
College recruitment
E
Employment agencies
Açıklama:
College recruitment involves sending an employer’s representatives to college campuses to prescreen applicants and create an applicant pool from the graduating classes. It is an important source for management to reach professional and technical employees. College recruiting could be expensive and time consuming if the recruiters are not experienced. Employers need to train recruiters in how to interview candidates, how to explain what the company has to offer, and how to put candidates at ease. The correct answer is D.
Soru 37
In the selection process, which of the following is done before employment interview?
Seçenekler
A
Employment test
B
Preliminary screening
C
Reference check
D
Background investigation
E
Selection decision
Açıklama:
Completing an application form is normally the first step in most selection procedures. The application provides basic employment information for use in latter steps of the selection process and can be used to screen out unqualified applicants. So preliminary screening is the first step of a selection process. The correct answer is B.
Soru 38
Which of the following measures the aptitudes, skills, abilities, or knowledge of job candidates?
Seçenekler
A
Preliminary screening
B
Employment interview
C
Employment test
D
Physical examination
E
Background investigation
Açıklama:
The third step in the selection process is an employment test which measures the aptitudes, skills, abilities, or knowledge of job candidates. Employment tests allow managers to choose candidates according to how they will fit into the open positions and the organizational culture. Since tests alone are not enough to make an evaluation of a candidate, firms need to use employment testing conjunction with other selection tools such as interviewing. Besides, test should be validated, administered, and scored consistently. All candidates should be given the same directions, allowed same amount of time, and offered the same environmental conditions for testing. The correct answer is C.
Soru 39
Which of the following includes training methods such as conferences, classroom groups, mobile learning, audiovisual techniques, lectures, computer-based training, and internet-based training?
Seçenekler
A
On-the-job training
B
Off-the-job training
C
Orientation
D
Pre-service training
E
Simulation activitiess
Açıklama:
Off-the-job-training involves training methods such as conferences, classroom groups, mobile learning, audiovisual techniques, lectures, computer-based training, and internet-based training.well as it improves employee morale.47 Off-the-job-training takes place at locations away from the work site. This approach offers a controlled environment and allows focused study without interruptions. Conferences, classroom groups, mobile learning, audiovisual techniques, lectures, computer-based training and internetbased training are some of the techniques for offthe-job-training.
Soru 40
Which of the following recruitment sources relies on various sources developed and managed inside the organization?
Seçenekler
A
Online recruitment
B
External recruitment
C
Employee referrals
D
Internal recruitment
E
Job Posting
Açıklama:
Internal recruiting or hiring from within the organization means using various sources developed and managed inside the organization. If an organization has been effective in recruiting and selecting employees in the past, current employees are often the best source of candidate pool. The correct answer is D.
Soru 41
Which of the following recruitment sources relies on a recommendation from a current employee?
Seçenekler
A
Internal recruitment
B
Job Posting
C
External recruitment
D
Employee referrals
E
Online recruitment
Açıklama:
One of the best sources for individuals who will perform effectively on the job is a recommendation from a current employee. Many organizations have found that their employees can serve an important role in the recruitment process by actively soliciting applications from their friends and associates. The correct answer is D.
Soru 42
As for internal recruitment, which of the following refers to publicizing the open job to employees (often on bulletin boards or company intranets) and listing the job’s attributes, like qualifications, supervisor, working schedule, and pay rate?
Seçenekler
A
Internal recruitment
B
Job Posting
C
Employee referrals
D
External recruiting
E
Online recruitment
Açıklama:
Job posting is publicizing the open job to employees (often by literally posting it on bulletin boards or company intranets) and listing the job’s attributes, like qualifications, supervisor, working schedule, and pay rate. The correct answer is B.
Soru 43
Which of the following methods is not related to external recruitment?
Seçenekler
A
Advertising
B
Job posting
C
Online recruitment
D
Employment agencies
E
College recruiting
Açıklama:
A number of methods are available for external recruitment methods. These are advertising, online recruitment, employment agencies, and college recruiting. The correct answer is B.
Soru 44
Which of the following recruitment sources involves sending an employer’s representatives to campuses to prescreen applicants and create an applicant pool from the graduating classes?
Seçenekler
A
Employment agencies
B
Job posting
C
College recruiting
D
Employee referrals
E
Online recruitment
Açıklama:
College recruiting. College recruitment involves sending an employer’s representatives to college campuses to prescreen applicants and create an applicant pool from the graduating classes. It is an important source for management to reach professional and technical employees. College recruiting could be expensive and time consuming if the recruiters are not experienced. Employers need to train recruiters in how to interview candidates, how to explain what the company has to offer, and how to put candidates at ease. The correct answer is C.
Soru 45
Which of the following shows the correct order of the steps of hiring process?
Seçenekler
A
selection, orientation, and recruitment.
B
orientation, recruitment, and selection.
C
recruitment, selection, and orientation.
D
selection, recruitment, and orientation.
E
recruitment, orientation, and selection
Açıklama:
Once the firm has determined its human resources needs via human resource planning, it needs to hire the most qualified employees to fill the available positions. The hiring process has three steps: recruitment, selection, and orientation. The correct answer is C.
Soru 46
Which of the following is an indirect reward given to an employee or a group of employees as a part of organizational membership?
Seçenekler
A
Benefit
B
Pay incentives
C
Bonus
D
Wage
E
Salary
Açıklama:
A benefit is an indirect reward given to an employee or a group of employees as a part of organizational membership. The correct answer is A.
Soru 47
A benefit is an indirect reward given to an employee or a group of employees as a part of organizational membership. Which of the following is not an example for benefits?
Seçenekler
A
Sales bonus
B
Dismissal pay
C
Marriage benefits
D
Duty travel allowances
E
Paid vacations
Açıklama:
In Turkey, some benefits defined by the law are funeral, birth and marriage benefits, duty travel allowances, mobile duty compensation, paid vacations, severance pay, unemployment insurance, medical leave, dismissal pay or collective payment in the form of severance pay. The correct answer is A.
Soru 48
Which of the following refers to a consistent payment made each period regardless of number of hours worked?
Seçenekler
A
Pay incentives
B
Wage payment
C
Benefits
D
Bonus
E
Salary
Açıklama:
A salary is a consistent payment made each period regardless of number of hours worked. The correct answer is E.
Soru 49
Which of the following is the total of all rewards provided for employees in return for work and services performed?
Seçenekler
A
Salary
B
Benefit
C
Wage
D
Bonus
E
Compansations
Açıklama:
Compensations is the total of all rewards provided employees in return for work and services performed. The correct answer is E.
Soru 50
Which of the following information about Human Resources is not true?
Seçenekler
A
Human Resources management is one of the key issues in business.
B
Companies tend to align their human resource management goals and policies with their strategic goals.
C
Strategic human resource management is the linking of the human resource function with the company’s strategies to achieve organizational goals.
D
Human resource managers must act independently to implement HRM policies and procedures.
E
Human resources management should treat each employee as an individual and present services and programs to meet individual needs.
Açıklama:
Dealing with human resource issues is not only the HR department’s responsibility. All managers are, in a sense, human resource managers because they all get involved in recruiting, interviewing, selecting, and training their employees. The success of any HRM program requires the cooperation of managers at different levels who must interpret and implement HRM policies and procedures. Even line supervisors select prospective employees, train them, make salary recommendations, and provide performance feedback. Without managerial support, HRM programs cannot succeed. Therefore, human resource managers need to understand clearly how to communicate their policies and procedures to other units of the organization.
The correct answer is D.
The correct answer is D.
Soru 51
Which of the following is one of the internal environmental factors that affect human resource management?
Seçenekler
A
Number of women in the US workforce
B
Top management of the organization
C
Globalization
D
Labor Law No.4857 in Turkey
E
The aging workforce
Açıklama:
Internal environmental factors are issues that are related with an organization’s internal environment. Internal environmental factors affecting HRM are personal characteristics, job characteristics, and organizational factors. Some of these factors are organizational, e.g. size of the organizations, environmental climate, top management, structure of the organization and the sector, and the characteristics of the industry that the organization operates. Thus, top management of the organization is an internal factor that affects HRM policies of the organization.
Number of women in the US workforce and the aging workforce are related with workforce diversity. Labor Law No.4857 in Turkey is a part go governmental regulations. Globalization is a factor that affects economic conditions. these are all external environmental factors.
The correct answer is B.
Number of women in the US workforce and the aging workforce are related with workforce diversity. Labor Law No.4857 in Turkey is a part go governmental regulations. Globalization is a factor that affects economic conditions. these are all external environmental factors.
The correct answer is B.
Soru 52
Which of the following is not one of the external factors that affect human resource management?
Seçenekler
A
Employees' motivation
B
Workforce demographics
C
Technological advancements
D
Economic conditions
E
Government regulations
Açıklama:
Employees' motivation is a part of personal characteristics, which is one of the internal environmental factors that affect human resource management. Workforce demographics, technological advancements, economic conditions and government regulations are among external factors.
The correct answer is A.
The correct answer is A.
Soru 53
Planners project that in five years an automobile factory that currently employs 100 engineers will need to employ a total of 200 engineers. Planners simply cannot assume that they will have to hire 100 engineers, during that period, some of the firm’s present engineers are likely to be promoted, leave the firm, or move to other jobs within the firm. Therefore, planners may project the supply of engineers in five years at 83, which means that the firm will have to hire a total of 117 new engineers.
Which of the following steps of human resource planning is defined above?
Which of the following steps of human resource planning is defined above?
Seçenekler
A
Conducting job analysis
B
Forecasting demand
C
Forecasting supply
D
Matching the demand and supply
E
Recruiting
Açıklama:
Labor supply is the availability of workers with the required skills in the future. The forecast of the supply of human resources must take into account both the present workforce and any changes that may occur within it. When forecasting the supply, planners should analyze the organization’s existing employees to determine who can be retained to perform the required tasks. Thus, in this example, the human resource department forecasts the supply of engineers needed in the future.
The correct answer is C.
The correct answer is C.
Soru 54
------------------------ is the systematic process of getting detailed information about the skills, duties, and knowledge required for performing jobs in an organization. A ---------------------------- is a document containing the minimum acceptable qualifications that a person should possess in order to perform a particular job.
Which of the following terms should replace the blanks in the above paragraph?
Which of the following terms should replace the blanks in the above paragraph?
Seçenekler
A
Job description / skills inventory
B
Labor demand / labor supply
C
Forecasting supply / skills inventory
D
Job analysis / job specification
E
Forecasting demand / replacement chart
Açıklama:
Job analysis is the systematic process of getting detailed information about the skills, duties, and knowledge required for performing jobs in an organization. Job analysis provides a summary of a job’s duties and responsibilities, its relationship to other jobs, the knowledge and skills required, and working conditions under which it is performed.
A job specification is a document containing the minimum acceptable qualifications that a person should possess in order to perform a particular job. Job specification includes job related information such as educational requirements, experience, personality traits, and physical abilities.
The correct answer is D.
A job specification is a document containing the minimum acceptable qualifications that a person should possess in order to perform a particular job. Job specification includes job related information such as educational requirements, experience, personality traits, and physical abilities.
The correct answer is D.
Soru 55
A company contacts the applicable industry or state licensing board to verify that the license of a potential employee and hasn’t lapsed or expired, and that the license is in good standing and there are no restrictions or violations associated with the license.
Which of the following procedures does this company carry out to verify the license of a candidate?
Which of the following procedures does this company carry out to verify the license of a candidate?
Seçenekler
A
Employment interview
B
Employment test
C
Preliminary screening
D
Physical examination
E
Background investigation
Açıklama:
A company performs background investigation to verify that a potential employee is who they claim to be to check a person’s criminal record, education, employment history, and other activities that happened in the past in order to confirm their validity. Checking the license with the licensing authority is a kind of background investigation that a company is likely to carry out before recruiting a candidate.
The correct answer is E.
The correct answer is E.
Soru 56
Which of the following is not one of the ways of external recruiting?
Seçenekler
A
Advertising
B
Employee referrals
C
Online recruitment
D
College recruiting
E
Employment agencies
Açıklama:
Internal recruiting or hiring from within the organization means using various sources developed and managed inside the organization. Hiring from within the organization generally relies on job posting and employee referrals. One of the best sources for individuals who will perform effectively on the job is a recommendation from a current employee. Many organizations have found that their employees can serve an important role in the recruitment process by actively soliciting applications from their friends and associates.
If a company cannot reach new employees by internal recruiting, it needs to open up recruiting activities to outside of the company. A number of methods are available for external recruitment methods. These are advertising, online recruitment, employment agencies, and college recruiting.
The correct answer is B.
If a company cannot reach new employees by internal recruiting, it needs to open up recruiting activities to outside of the company. A number of methods are available for external recruitment methods. These are advertising, online recruitment, employment agencies, and college recruiting.
The correct answer is B.
Soru 57
Which of the following is a form of on-the-job training?
Seçenekler
A
Internet-based training
B
Mobile training
C
Classroom lecture
D
Apprenticeship
E
Audiovisual training
Açıklama:
On-the-job-training (OJT) refers to new or inexperienced employees learning through observing peers or managers performing the job and trying to imitate their behavior. OJT is preferred especially for training newly hired employees, upgrading experienced employees’ skills when new technology is introduced, cross training employees within a department or work unit, and orienting transferred or promoted employees to their new jobs. The most widely used OJT technique is apprenticeship which is a work-study method. Such training is a formal and long term on-the-job-learning. It traditionally involves having the learner/apprentice study under the supervision of a master craftsperson.
The forms of training under other options are among off-the-job training methods.
The correct answer is D.
The forms of training under other options are among off-the-job training methods.
The correct answer is D.
Soru 58
For creating and setting effective and useful employee goals and objectives, the acronym “SMART” can be used in the performance appraisal process. It contains the characteristics of strategic goals and objectives that will be useful for managers and employees.
Which of the following is not one of the goals and objectives that constitute the acronym “SMART”?
Which of the following is not one of the goals and objectives that constitute the acronym “SMART”?
Seçenekler
A
Specific means that the target is clearly defined.
B
Measurable means that the target state is defined as a number.
C
Achievable means that the staff member can take the necessary actions to meet the objective.
D
Realistic means that the staff member has a fair chance to achieve the desired results.
E
Teamwork means that people try to cooperate, using their individual skills and providing constructive feedback.
Açıklama:
Specific, measurable, achievable and realistic are the characteristics that constitute the SMART principle. However, in this acronym, T refers to time-bound, which means that the target state is described with a time dimension.
The correct answer is E.
The correct answer is E.
Soru 59
A company provides training support, discounts for the company’s products, lunch, workplace medical services, and transportation to all its employees.
Which of the following is the term used to define such rewards provided to employees in return for work and performance?
Which of the following is the term used to define such rewards provided to employees in return for work and performance?
Seçenekler
A
Benefits
B
Internal equity
C
External equity
D
Pay incentive
E
Base compensation
Açıklama:
Compensation is the total of all rewards provided employees in return for work and services performed. Internal equity is assured when employees receive pay according to the relative value of their jobs within the same organization. External equity occurs when a firm’s employees receive pay comparable to workers who perform similar jobs in other firms.
The compensation program has three components: base compensation, pay incentives, and benefits.
The basic compensation that an employee receives, usually as a wage or salary, is called base pay. In addition to the basic wage, organizations that are committed to developing a compensation system may prefer to use incentive pay programs. Pay incentives can be defined as compensations that reward employees for their high performance.
Currently, employees expect more than just an hourly wage or salary from their employers; they expect additional considerations that will enrich their lives and support work-life balance. Therefore, many organizations offer benefit programs which are almost 40 percent of the typical total compensation package for employees. A benefit is an indirect reward given to an employee or a group of employees as a part of organizational membership. Training support, discounts for the company’s products, lunch, workplace medical services, and transportation are among benefits that a company provides to its employees.
The correct answer is A.
The compensation program has three components: base compensation, pay incentives, and benefits.
The basic compensation that an employee receives, usually as a wage or salary, is called base pay. In addition to the basic wage, organizations that are committed to developing a compensation system may prefer to use incentive pay programs. Pay incentives can be defined as compensations that reward employees for their high performance.
Currently, employees expect more than just an hourly wage or salary from their employers; they expect additional considerations that will enrich their lives and support work-life balance. Therefore, many organizations offer benefit programs which are almost 40 percent of the typical total compensation package for employees. A benefit is an indirect reward given to an employee or a group of employees as a part of organizational membership. Training support, discounts for the company’s products, lunch, workplace medical services, and transportation are among benefits that a company provides to its employees.
The correct answer is A.
Soru 60
Which of the following refers to the workforce within an organization responsible to perform certain duties assigned by the management for achieving organizational goals?
Seçenekler
A
Human resource
B
Marketing
C
Finance
D
Operations management
E
IT
Açıklama:
Human resource (HR) refers to the workforce within an organization responsible to perform certain duties assigned by the management for achieving organizational goals.
Soru 61
- Acquiring human resources
- Maintaining human resources
- Developing human resources
Seçenekler
A
Only I
B
I and II
C
II and III
D
I and III
E
I, II and III
Açıklama:
Human resource management (HRM) consists of all the activities involved in acquiring, maintaining, and developing an organization’s human resources.
Soru 62
Which of the following is the process of acquiring, training, appraising, and compensating employees, and of attending to their labor relations, health and safety, and fairness concerns?
Seçenekler
A
Human Resources Mangement
B
Operations Mangement
C
Management Accounting
D
Public Relations Management
E
Safety Management
Açıklama:
Human Resources Mangement(HRM) is the process of acquiring, training, appraising, and compensating employees, and of attending to their labor relations, health and safety, and fairness concerns.
Soru 63
Which of the following is required for the success of HRM program?
Seçenekler
A
The number of employees in HR Department
B
Cooperation of managers at different levels
C
The size of the Company
D
The success of Operations Management
E
The age of HR supervisor
Açıklama:
The success of any HRM program requires the cooperation of managers at different levels who must interpret and implement HRM policies and procedures.
Soru 64
- Increased competition
- Deregulation and increased indebtedness
- Technological innovation
- More knowledge work
Seçenekler
A
I and II
B
II and IV
C
I, II and IV
D
II, III and IV
E
I, II, III and IV
Açıklama:
- Increased competition
- Deregulation and increased indebtedness
- Technological innovation
- More knowledge work
Soru 65
Which of the following is an internal environmental factor affecting HRM?
Seçenekler
A
Job characteristic
B
Workforce trends
C
Demographic trends
D
Government regulations
E
Economic challenges and trends
Açıklama:
Internal environmental factors affecting HRM are personal characteristics, job characteristics, and organizational factors.
Soru 66
- Workforce diversity
- Personal characteristics
- Size of the organizations
- Economic conditions
Seçenekler
A
Only IV
B
I and IV
C
I, II and IV
D
II, III and IV
E
I, II, III and IV
Açıklama:
External environmental factors affecting HRM are workforce and demographic trends, government regulations, and economic challenges and trends.
Soru 67
- Determining how many people are needed
- Determining for how long they are needed
- Determining where the company can provide the employees it need
Seçenekler
A
Only I
B
I and II
C
II and III
D
I and III
E
I, II and III
Açıklama:
Primary human resource management challenges include determining how many people are needed and for how long, and where the company can provide the employees it needs.
Soru 68
Which of the following is not a concern of human resource planning process?
Seçenekler
A
Assessing the future human resource need
B
Determining the availability of the type of people needed
C
Creating plans for how to meet the need.
D
Determining occupation categories for recruitment
E
Selecting board members
Açıklama:
Human resource planning is the process of assessing the future human resource need, determining the availability of the type of people needed(occupation categories are included in this part) and creating plans for how to meet the need.
Soru 69
- Training
- Motivating
- Performance Appraisal
- Compensation
Seçenekler
A
I and II
B
II and III
C
I, II and III
D
II, III and IV
E
I, II, III and IV
Açıklama:
It is the human resource manager’s job to train, motivate, appraise and see that employees are rewarded fairly.
Soru 70
Which of the following is true about the concept of human resource management?
Seçenekler
A
Dealing with human resource issues is only the responsibility of HR department.
B
Without managerial support, HRM programs can succeed.
C
There is only one and the best way for managing human resources.
D
Organisations operate in a changing environment.
E
Managers do not need to consistently observe the business environment for opportunities and threats.
Açıklama:
Dealing with human resource issues is not the only the HR department’s responsibility. On the contrary, all managers are, in a sense, human resource managers because they all get involved in recruiting, interviewing, selecting, and training their employees. The success of any HRM program requires the cooperation of managers at different levels who must interpret and implement HRM policies and procedures. Without managerial support, HRM programs cannot succeed. Therefore, human resource managers need to understand clearly how to communicate their policies and procedures to other units of the organisation. There is not only one and the best way for managing human resources. Based on size, sector, employee numbers, financial situation, employee skills and location, each company develops its own HRM program. Organisations operate in a changing environment. Managers need to consistently observe the business environment for opportunities and threats affecting human resources and be prepared to react quickly to these challenges. The environmental factors influencing organisations and human resource management can be described in two main categories. They are internal environmental factors and external environmental factors. The correct answer is Choice D.
Soru 71
- Globalization
- Technological innovation
- Deregulation and increased indebtedness
Seçenekler
A
I
B
I-II
C
I-III
D
II-III
E
I-II-III
Açıklama:
Trends shaping human resource management are:
Globalization
Increased competition
Deregulation and increased indebtedness
Technological innovation
More high-tech jobs
More service jobs
More knowledge work
An aging workforce
Economic crises
Slower economic growth in many countries
Globalization
Increased competition
Deregulation and increased indebtedness
Technological innovation
More high-tech jobs
More service jobs
More knowledge work
An aging workforce
Economic crises
Slower economic growth in many countries
Soru 72
Which of the following is one of the internal environmental factors that affecting human resource management?
Seçenekler
A
government regulations
B
economic challenges
C
economic trends
D
workforce and demographic trends
E
Job characteristics
Açıklama:
Internal environmental factors are issues that can be found within an organization’s internal environment. These factors can be indicated as personal and organizational factors, job characteristics in the organization, and interpersonal relationships. External environmental factors affecting HRM are workforce and demographic trends, government regulations, and economic challenges and trends.
Soru 73
Which of the following processes is not related to human resource management?
Seçenekler
A
Insuring employees
B
Training employees
C
Appraising employees
D
Acquiring employees
E
Compensating employees
Açıklama:
Human resource management (HRM) is the process of acquiring, training, appraising, and compensating employees, and of attending to their labor relations, health and safety, and fairness concerns. The correct answer is A.
Soru 74
Which of the following refers to the linking of the human resource function with the company’s strategies to achieve organizational goals?
Seçenekler
A
Workforce diversity
B
Internal environmental factors
C
External environmental factors
D
Human resource planning
E
Strategic human resource management
Açıklama:
Strategic human resource management is the linking of the human resource function with the company’s strategies to achieve organizational goals. The correct answer is E.
Soru 75
- Localization
- Increased competition
- Technological innovation
- More service jobs
Seçenekler
A
I and II
B
III and IV
C
I, II, III
D
I, II, IV
E
II, III, IV
Açıklama:
The following are the trends that shape human resource management:
- Globalization
- Increased competition
- Deregulation and increased indebtedness
- Technological innovation
- More high-tech jobs
- More service jobs
- More knowledge work
- An aging workforce
- Economic crises
- Slower economic growth in many countries.
Soru 76
- Creating high performance work systems
- Taking steps to help the employer better manage challenging times
- Finding new ways to provide transactional services such as benefits administration
- Ignoring big picture issues to prevent potential decrease in workforce performance
Seçenekler
A
I and III
B
II and IV
C
I, II, III
D
I, II, IV
E
II, III, IV
Açıklama:
Employers expect HRM to:
- focus more on big picture issues such as helping the company achieve its strategic goals,
- find new ways to provide transactional services such as benefits administration,
- create high performance work systems,
- take steps to help the employer better manage challenging times,
- manage ethically,
- have the proficiencies required to do these things (for instance a command of strategic management and financial budgeting).
Soru 77
- Workforce
- Personal characteristics
- Job characteristics
- Demographic trends
- Organizational factors
Seçenekler
A
I, II, III
B
II, III, V
C
III, IV, V
D
I, II, III, IV
E
II, III, IV, V
Açıklama:
Internal environmental factors are issues that can be found within an organization’s internal environment. These factors can be indicated as personal and organizational factors, job characteristics in the organization, and interpersonal relationships. The correct answer is B.
Soru 78
Which of the following is not among the external environmental factors that affect HRM?
Seçenekler
A
Ethnicity of workers
B
Aging workforce
C
Interpersonal relations
D
Economic conditions
E
Gender of workers
Açıklama:
External environmental factors affecting HRM are workforce and demographic trends (gender, age, ethnicity, seniority, occupation, aging workforce), government regulations, and economic challenges and trends. The correct answer is C.
Soru 79
In which of the following is the human resource planning process ordered correctly?
Seçenekler
A
Strategic planning - HR demand - HR supply - variances - end
B
Variances - HR demand - HR supply - strategic planning - end
C
HR demand - HR supply - variances - strategic planning - end
D
HR demand - HR supply - strategic planning - variances - end
E
HR demand - strategic planning - HR supply - variances - end
Açıklama:
The order of the human resource planning process is as follows:
Strategic planning - HR demand - HR supply - variances (if surplus: decisions layoff, retirement, etc. ; if shortage: decisions overtime, recruitment) - end.
The correct answer is A.
Strategic planning - HR demand - HR supply - variances (if surplus: decisions layoff, retirement, etc. ; if shortage: decisions overtime, recruitment) - end.
The correct answer is A.
Soru 80
Which of the following is a document containing the minimum acceptable qualifications that a person should possess in order to perform a particular job?
Seçenekler
A
Job description
B
Job specification
C
Labor demand
D
Labor supply
E
Skills inventory
Açıklama:
A document containing the minimum acceptable qualifications that a person should possess in order to perform a particular job is called a job specification. The correct answer is B.
Soru 81
- Interview
- Observation
- Skills inventory
- Replacement chart
Seçenekler
A
I and II
B
I and III
C
I and IV
D
II and III
E
III and IV
Açıklama:
The two most commonly used techniques for forecasting human resources supply are the replacement chart and skills inventories. The replacement chart lists each important managerial position, who occupies it, how long that person will likely stay in the job, and who is qualified as a replacement. A skills inventory (human resource information system) is a computerized databank containing information on the education, skills, and experience of all present employees. The correct answer is E.
Soru 82
Which of the following assesses the effectiveness of the employee’s performance using specific examples of good or bad behaviors at work, often referred to as critical incidents?
Seçenekler
A
Trait appraisal instruments
B
Behavioral appraisal instruments
C
Behavioral anchored rating scales
D
Outcome appraisal instruments
E
360-degree feedback performance
Açıklama:
Behavioral anchored rating scales assess the effectiveness of the employee’s performance using specific examples of good or bad behaviors at work, often referred to as critical incidents. The main advantage of this approach is that it is closely focused on concrete aspects of job performance. The correct answer is C.
Soru 83
Which of the following can be an example for a human resource supply in the planning process?
Seçenekler
A
Existing employment inventory
B
Economic forecasts
C
Organizational planning
D
Occupation categories
E
Annual employment
Açıklama:
When Ivancevich and Duening's (2004) Human Resource Planning Process is taken into account, it can be seen that technological forecasts, economic forecasts, organizational planning, and investment planning fall into the category: strategic planning. On the other hand, annual employment, requirements, numbers, skills, occupation categories into HR Demand; also existing employment inventory, after application of expected loss and attrition rates into HR Supply category. Thus, the correct answer is Choice A.
Soru 84
Which of the following is the word for "the systematic process of determining the skills, duties, and knowledge required for performing specific jobs in an organization."?
Seçenekler
A
Labor demand
B
Replacement chart
C
Job analysis
D
Labor supply
E
Skills inventory
Açıklama:
Job analysis is the systematic process of determining the skills, duties, and knowledge required for performing specific jobs in an organization. The correct answer is Choice C.
Soru 85
What is the normal working time in a week, noted in the Turkish Labor Law No.4857?
Seçenekler
A
41
B
42
C
43
D
44
E
45
Açıklama:
If the company makes people work overtime because of the labor shortage, it must to take into account the labor law which is related to overtime work. As noted in Turkish Labor Law No.4857, the normal working time in a week is 45 hours. Wages for each hour of overtime is remunerated at one and a half times the normal hourly rate. Total overtime work cannot be more than 270 hours in a year. The correct answer is Choice E.
Soru 86
Which of the following is the first step in the hiring process?
Seçenekler
A
Orientation
B
Preliminary screening
C
Selection
D
Recruitment
E
Employment interview
Açıklama:
Once the firm has determined its human resources needs via human resource planning, it needs to hire the most qualified employees to fill the available positions. The hiring process has three steps: recruitment, selection, and orientation. Recruitment, the first step in the hiring process, consists of a set of activities that improves the number and quality of people who apply for employment, as well as the probability that qualified and compatible applicants will accept employment offers.
Soru 87
Which of the following can be an example for external recruiting source disadvantage?
Seçenekler
A
Inbreeding
B
Possible morale problems of those not promoted
C
“Political”infighting for promotions
D
Need for a management development program
E
Longer“adjustment”or orientation time.
Açıklama:
When the examples given in the Mathis and Jackson's (2003) Advantages and Disadvantages of Internal and External Recruiting Sources categorization chart is taken into account, it can be noticed that the disadvantages of external recruiting sources are: May not select someone who will “fit” the job or organization; May cause morale problems for internal candidates not selected; Longer“adjustment”or orientation time. Inbreeding; Possible morale problems of those not promoted; “Political”infighting for promotions; Need for a management development program are examples for the disadvantages of internal recruiting sources. The correct answer is Choice E.
Soru 88
- to fill entry-level jobs
- to acquire skills not possessed by current employees
- to obtain employees with different backgrounds to provide a diversity of ideas
Seçenekler
A
I
B
II
C
I-II
D
II-III
E
I-II-III
Açıklama:
If a company cannot reach new employees by internal recruiting, it needs to open up recruiting activities to outside of the company. External recruitment becomes essential in organizations that are growing rapidly and have expanding workforce requirements. The following needs require external recruitment: (1) to fill entry-level jobs; (2) to acquire skills not possessed by current employees; and (3) to obtain employees with different backgrounds to provide a diversity of ideas. The corrrect answer is Choice E.
Soru 89
Which of the following is considered to be the most widely used selection technique?
Seçenekler
A
Preliminary screening
B
Employment interview
C
Employment test
D
Physical examination
E
Reference check
Açıklama:
The most widely used selection technique is the employment interview. Job candidates are interviewed by at least one member of the HRM staff and by the person for whom they will be working. Employment interviews provide an opportunity for applicants and the firm to learn more about each other. While the interviewer may get more information about the candidate’s abilities and attitudes, the candidate may be informed also about the job and work environment. The correct answer is Choice B.
Ünite 5
Soru 1
- identifying and creating needs, wants, and desires of consumers in B2C (businessto-consumer) and B2B (business-to-business) markets
- promoting the product by way of integrated communication techniques
- delivering the product by appropriate sales points in either brick-andmortar retail locations or virtual outlets
Seçenekler
A
I, II and III
B
I and II
C
I and III
D
II and III
E
Only I
Açıklama:
The basic activities and functions of marketing and specifies that marketers deal with (1) identifying and creating needs, wants, and desires of consumers in B2C (businessto-consumer) and B2B (business-to-business) markets, (2) promoting the product by way of integrated communication techniques, and (3) delivering the product by appropriate sales points in either brick-andmortar retail locations or virtual outlets.
Soru 2
"Marketing is defined as ........."
Which of the following cannot fill in the blank?
Which of the following cannot fill in the blank?
Seçenekler
A
creation of goods
B
maintenance of goods
C
promotion and delivery of goods
D
services directed towards consumers
E
services directed towards businesses
Açıklama:
Marketing is typically defined as the creation, promotion, and delivery of goods and services directed towards consumers and businesses.
Soru 3
Which of the following is not a process of marketing?
Seçenekler
A
creating
B
communicating
C
designing
D
delivering
E
exchanging
Açıklama:
The American Marketing Association offers the following formal definition: “Marketing is the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large” (Approved July 2013).
Soru 4
"Marketing is all about building a relationship with ............. and requires a deep understanding of ............ behavior." Which of the following pair fills in the blanks correctly?
Seçenekler
A
firms/consumer
B
partners/consumer
C
customers/partner
D
customers/consumer
E
producers/consumer
Açıklama:
Marketing is all about building a relationship with customers and requires a deep understanding of consumer behavior.
Soru 5
- Events
- Places
- Organizations
- Persons
- Experiences
Seçenekler
A
I, II, III and IV
B
II, III, IV and IV
C
I, II, IV and IV
D
I, III, IV and IV
E
I, II, III, IV ve V
Açıklama:
Scope of marketing is not limited with products (good and services), which are intended to be commercially sold. The following are also in the scope of marketing: • Events, such the Olympics where different types of sports are played by thousands of different players from around the world, • Places, such as Paris as the most romantic destination for honeymoon, • Organizations, such as the World Wild Life, trying to lead initiatives on preserving wild life on earth, • Persons, such as Marilyn Monroe, who has become the icon for beauty and the symbol of “dumb blonde” character in Hollywood, • Experiences, such as Disneyland theme park, with over 650 million visitors since it opened.
Soru 6
- Unique product
- Basic product
- Broad
- Narrow
Seçenekler
A
I and II
B
I and III
C
I and IV
D
II and IV
E
IV and V
Açıklama:
STRATEGIC ADVANTAGE ; Unique product , Basic product
Soru 7
Which of the following concept/definition pair is correctly given?
Seçenekler
A
Targeting / refers to offering extra value in addition to the basic features offered in the product.
B
Segmentation / attempts to capture a smaller segment in the market.
C
Focus strategy / involves the careful selection of at least one segment by considering a variety of different factors.
D
Scale economies / state that a company can produce at a lower cost per unit of production if it is able to use the capacity further.
E
Differentiation / is the task of dividing this population into sub-groups in a way that can meaningfully separate consumers in terms of their consumption patterns.
Açıklama:
Scale economies state that a company can produce at a lower cost per unit of production if it is able to use the capacity further.
Soru 8
- Product
- Price
- Place
- Promotion
- Performance
Seçenekler
A
I, II, III and IV
B
I, II, III and V
C
I, II, IV and V
D
I, III, IV and V
E
II, III, IV and V
Açıklama:
Four Ps are identified to be the initial letters of the most fundamental marketing actions, namely, product, price, place (distribution), and promotion.
Soru 9
Considering product categories, which of the following is an example of Shopping and Durable product?
Seçenekler
A
Shoehorn
B
Jewelry
C
Refrigerator
D
Shroud
E
Detergent
Açıklama:
Shopping products require more effort on the part of consumers since they are less frequently purchased. Refrigerator is a shopping - durable product.
Soru 10
Which of the following is a new trend in marketing?
Seçenekler
A
Brand personality
B
Big-data
C
Brand value
D
Positioning
E
Perceptual maps
Açıklama:
“Big-data” in this new era represents large and complex sets of data collected through primary data collection methods and data readily available on the web.
Soru 11
Which of the followings refers to offering extra value in addition to the basic features offered in the product?
Seçenekler
A
Marketing
B
Branding
C
Product
D
Promotion
E
Differentiation
Açıklama:
Differentiation refers to offering extra value in addition to the basic features offered in the product.
Soru 12
Which of the followings is the purpose of “focus strategy”?
Seçenekler
A
To do marketing towards a certain positioning.
B
To capture a smaller segment in the market.
C
To divide the population into sub-groups.
D
To categorize consumers on the basis of how they purchase and use a particular product or brand.
E
To compensate for all the costs related to marketing research, strategic organization, and sales.
Açıklama:
Focus
Focus strategy attempts to capture a smaller segment in the market.
Focus strategy attempts to capture a smaller segment in the market.
Soru 13
Which of the followings is the task of dividing the population into sub-groups in a way that can meaningfully separate consumers in terms of their consumption patterns?
Seçenekler
A
Segmentation
B
Branding
C
Product
D
Promotion
E
Differentiation
Açıklama:
Strategic Segmentation and Target Customers
Segmentation is the task of dividing this population into sub-groups in a way that can meaningfully separate consumers in terms of their consumption patterns.
Segmentation is the task of dividing this population into sub-groups in a way that can meaningfully separate consumers in terms of their consumption patterns.
Soru 14
Which of the followings involves the careful selection of at least one segment by considering a variety of different factors?
Seçenekler
A
Segmentation
B
Branding
C
Targeting
D
Promotion
E
Differentiation
Açıklama:
Targeting involves the careful selection of at least one segment by considering a variety of different factors.
Soru 15
Which of the followings usually works with extended hours and sells a limited range of product categories intended to supply items of emergency and instant purchase such as bandages and cigarettes?
Seçenekler
A
A convenience store
B
A department store
C
A discount store
D
E-tailer
E
A shopping mall
Açıklama:
Place (Distribution)
A convenience store usually works with extended hours and sells a limited range of product categories intended to supply items of emergency and instant purchase such as bandages and cigarettes.
A convenience store usually works with extended hours and sells a limited range of product categories intended to supply items of emergency and instant purchase such as bandages and cigarettes.
Soru 16
Which of the followings sells a large range of products at moderate prices?
Seçenekler
A
A convenience store
B
A department store
C
A discount store
D
E-tailer
E
A shopping mall
Açıklama:
Place (Distribution)
A department store sells a large range of products at moderate prices.
A department store sells a large range of products at moderate prices.
Soru 17
Which of the followings is the most expensive but the most effective (in terms of the number of people reached with one message) contact method?
Seçenekler
A
Segmentation
B
Advertising
C
Retailing
D
Branding
E
Differentiation
Açıklama:
Promotion
Advertising is the most expensive but the most effective (in terms of the number of people reached with one message) contact method.
Advertising is the most expensive but the most effective (in terms of the number of people reached with one message) contact method.
Soru 18
Which of the followings is not a tool of communication available for marketers?
Seçenekler
A
Advertising
B
Sales promotions
C
Segmentation
D
Public relations and publicity
E
Personal sales
Açıklama:
Promotion
The tools of communication available for marketers are: (1) advertising, (2) sales promotions, (3) public relations and publicity, and (4) personal sales.
The tools of communication available for marketers are: (1) advertising, (2) sales promotions, (3) public relations and publicity, and (4) personal sales.
Soru 19
Which of the followings is a term reflecting the brand’s worth in the eyes of consumers, usually reflected in the price?
Seçenekler
A
Pricing
B
Brand equity
C
Promotion
D
Positioning
E
Targeting
Açıklama:
BRANDING
Brand equity is a term reflecting the brand’s worth in the eyes of consumers, usually reflected in the price.
Brand equity is a term reflecting the brand’s worth in the eyes of consumers, usually reflected in the price.
Soru 20
Which of the followings refers to the creation, publishing, and distribution of digital content for a targeted audience online?
Seçenekler
A
Content marketing
B
Big-data
C
Brand personality
D
Positioning
E
Targeting
Açıklama:
NEW TRENDS IN MARKETING
Content marketing refers to the creation, publishing, and distribution of digital content for a targeted audience online.
Content marketing refers to the creation, publishing, and distribution of digital content for a targeted audience online.
Soru 21
What refers to offering extra value in addition to the basic features offered in the product?
Seçenekler
A
Differentiation
B
Segmentation criteria
C
Focus strategy
D
Cost leadership
E
Scale economies
Açıklama:
Differentiation refers to offering extra value in addition to the basic features offered in the product.
Soru 22
Which one is FALSE about marketing?
Seçenekler
A
Marketing is typically defined as the creation, promotion, and delivery of goods and services directed towards consumers and businesses.
B
Marketing is simply the process of selling consumer goods and services to customers.
C
Marketers deliver the product by appropriate sales points in either brick-and- mortar retail locations or virtual outlets.
D
Marketers promote the product by way of integrated communication techniques.
E
Marketers deal with identifying and creating needs, wants, and desires of consumers and markets.
Açıklama:
Marketing is typically defined as the creation, promotion, and delivery of goods and services directed towards consumers and businesses.1 This definition reflects upon the basic activities and functions of marketing and specifies
that marketers deal with (1) identifying and creating needs, wants, and desires of consumers in B2C (business-to-consumer) and B2B (business-to-business) markets, (2) promoting the product by way of integrated communication techniques, and (3) delivering the product by appropriate sales points in either brick-and- mortar retail locations or virtual outlets.
Option B is about retailing.
that marketers deal with (1) identifying and creating needs, wants, and desires of consumers in B2C (business-to-consumer) and B2B (business-to-business) markets, (2) promoting the product by way of integrated communication techniques, and (3) delivering the product by appropriate sales points in either brick-and- mortar retail locations or virtual outlets.
Option B is about retailing.
Soru 23
What is called when customers are looking for a few basic things being offered in a product?
Seçenekler
A
Differentiation
B
Cost leadership strategy
C
Focus strategy
D
Psychographics
E
Segmentation approach
Açıklama:
Cost leadership strategy is that in each industry, customers are looking for a few basic things being offered in a product.
Soru 24
In order to talk about a useful segmentation, which one is NOT appropriate?
Seçenekler
A
People in the same group should be homogenous.
B
Some data should be available for each segment.
C
The segments should be substantial only in terms of number (sales potential).
D
People in different groups should be heterogeneous.
E
The segments should also be accessible.
Açıklama:
In order to talk about a useful segmentation, the following conditions must be met:
- People in the same group should be homogenous, i.e. similar to each other in one way of another. This is in fact the basis of effective segmentation: each segment must be similar in terms of needs or chosen characteristics.
- People in different groups should be heterogeneous. Together with the first point, this would demonstrate that consumers are effectively divided into sets of differentneeds.
- Some data should be available for each segment so that measurements can be made as regards to the size of the market, the general characteristics of consumers constituting that market, details of their buying behavior, and thus, the overall attractiveness of the segment.
- The segments should be substantial either in terms of number (sales potential) or in terms profit per unit sold (profit potential). Each company is likely to have a “minimum” requirement to be profitable.
- The segments should also be accessible so that an effective distribution and communication strategy can be established.
Soru 25
In what do companies first figure out the cost of producing one item, and then add a profit margin to arrive the price to be used in the marketplace?
Seçenekler
A
Branding
B
Advertising
C
Promotion
D
Retailing
E
Cost-based pricing
Açıklama:
The simplest method is called cost-based pricing where companies first figure out the cost of producing one item, and then add a profit margin to arrive the price to be used in the marketplace.
Soru 26
What entails the activities that attempt to establish some sort of a relationship with target customers, and all shareholders involved, and try to win the heart and loyalty of consumers?
Seçenekler
A
Branding
B
Public relations
C
Advertising
D
Promotion
E
Positioning
Açıklama:
Promotion entails the activities that attempt to establish some sort of a relationship with target customers, and all shareholders involved, and try to win the heart and loyalty of consumers. Promotion aims to promote the product in the market.
Soru 27
Which one is FALSE about PR specialist?
Seçenekler
A
Building on company reputation
B
Managing the web site and social media content
C
Managing interviews
D
Reporting customer complaints to the manager
E
Preparing news release
Açıklama:
Among the activities that PR specialists do include the following:
- Preparing news releases,
- Managing interviews,
- Acting as the spokesperson of the company,
- Managing the web site and social media content,
- Responding to customer complaints,
- Building on company reputation,
- Engaging in crisis management when necessary,
- Helping in the process of event management.
Soru 28
In what does the brand try to capture the attention and win the hearts of consumers by focusing on ego identification, social belonging, life meaningfulness, and emotional attachments?
Seçenekler
A
Branding
B
Perceptual maps
C
Symbolic positioning
D
Experiential positioning
E
Functional positioning
Açıklama:
Symbolic positioning: The brand tries to capture the attention and win the hearts of consumers by focusing on ego identification, social belonging, life meaningfulness, and emotional attachments. For instance, Dove soap has positioned itself in a way that all women around the world should feel beautiful and proud. Dove does not position itself to make women beautiful, but rather make women feel at peace with their bodies.
Soru 29
What refers to the creation, publishing, and distribution of digital content for a targeted audience online?
Seçenekler
A
Content marketing
B
Big-data
C
Brand personality
D
Brand value
E
Positioning
Açıklama:
Content marketing refers to the creation, publishing, and distribution of digital content for a targeted audience online.
Soru 30
There are a lot of issues raised as regards to marketing ethics. Which one is NOT one of them?
Seçenekler
A
Product safety issues
B
Branding
C
Bribery
D
Planned obsolescence
E
Materialism
Açıklama:
There are a lot of issues raised as regards to marketing ethics. The following list is not exhaustive:
- Invasion of privacy in marketing research
- Stereotyping in segmentation and targeting
- Uncontrolled marketing efforts towards
vulnerable consumers, such as the elderlychildren, illiterate people, and financially disadvantaged people - Unethical pricing tactics such as price fix-ing, price wars, and price collusion
- Ethically questionable and insensitive con-duct in advertising and promotion
- Deceptive advertising and marketing tactics such as by strong emotions like fearand sex
- Product safety issues
- Irreversible corruption of the nature and
natural resources - Misleading packaging
- Low-quality export/import products
- Bribery
- Over-booking and over-selling
- Intentionally creating limited supply
- Fake products
- Planned obsolescence
• Materialism
• Created needs and
• Cultural corruption.
Soru 31
What is typically defined as the creation, promotion, and delivery of goods and services directed towards consumers and businesses?
Seçenekler
A
Business
B
Management
C
Branding
D
Marketing
E
Advertising
Açıklama:
One can define marketing from a variety of perspectives. Marketing is typically defined as the creation, promotion, and delivery of goods and services directed towards consumers and businesses.1 This definition reflects upon the basic activities and functions of marketing and specifies that marketers deal with (1) identifying and creating needs, wants, and desires of consumers in B2C (businessto-consumer) and B2B (business-to-business) markets, (2) promoting the product by way of integrated communication techniques, and (3) delivering the product by appropriate sales points in either brick-andmortar retail locations or virtual outlets. The correct answer is D.
Soru 32
The scope of marketing is not limited to products. Which of the following options describes a correct example for other scopes of marketing?
Seçenekler
A
Experiences such as the World Wild Life, trying to lead initiatives on preserving wild life on earth.
B
Organizations such as Paris as the most romantic destination for honeymoon.
C
Organizations such as the Olympics where different types of sports are played by thousands of different players from around the world.
D
Experiences such as Paris as the most romantic destination for honeymoon.
E
Experiences such as Disneyland theme park, with over 650 million visitors since it opened.
Açıklama:
Scope of marketing is not limited with products (good and services), which are intended to be commercially sold. The following are also in the scope of marketing: • Events, such the Olympics where different types of sports are played by thousands of different players from around the world, • Places, such as Paris as the most romantic destination for honeymoon, • Organizations, such as the World Wild Life, trying to lead initiatives on preserving wild life on earth, • Persons, such as Marilyn Monroe, who has become the icon for beauty and the symbol of “dumb blonde” character in Hollywood, • Experiences, such as Disneyland theme park, with over 650 million visitors since it opened.
Therefore option E has the correct description.
Therefore option E has the correct description.
Soru 33
When different aspects of consumer behavior are taken into consideration, which of the following options is a correct matching?
Seçenekler
A
Consumers may become hungry : Desire
B
Consumers may become hungry : Want
C
Consumers may become hungry : Need
D
Consumers want to eat vegetables because they are on a diet : Desire
E
Consumers actually want to eat a mixed pizza with all toppings : Demand
Açıklama:
Consumers may become hungry (need), want to eat vegetables because they are on a diet (want), actually want to eat a mixed pizza with all toppings (desire), and go to the cashier at the fast-food restaurant to buy a hamburger (demand) because her budget is quite short. Beware of consumer behavior from different aspects: need, want, desire, and demand. The correct answer is C.
Soru 34
Which of the following refers to offering extra value in addition to the basic features offered in the product?
Seçenekler
A
Marketing
B
Differentiation
C
Cost Leadership Strategy
D
Strategic marketing
E
Marketing Mix
Açıklama:
Differentiation refers to offering extra value in addition to the basic features offered in the product.Differentiation strategy requires that the point being differentiated has specific characteristics. For instance, the so-called differentiation as the company argues may not be meaningful for the target customers. If the consumer is not willing to pay for it, then the company has to start from scratch to find a meaningful advantage. The correct answer is B.
Soru 35
What enables marketers to closely “know” consumers and understand their psychological and social predispositions?
Seçenekler
A
Segmentation
B
Targeting
C
Psychographics
D
Marketing
E
Branding
Açıklama:
Psychographics enable marketers to closely “know” consumers and understand their psychological and social predispositions.The most useful approach in segmenting consumers is on the basis of psychographic information. With psychographics, marketers become able to closely “know” consumers and understand their psychological and social predispositions. The correct answer is C.
Soru 36
Which of the following is the 4Ps (marketing mix) of marketing?
Seçenekler
A
Product-Price-Promotion-Place
B
Product-Price-Promotion-People
C
Product-Price-Promotion-Payment
D
Product-Payment-Promotion-Place
E
Product-Payment-Promotion-People
Açıklama:
Marketing mix can be considered as the tactical-level marketing facilities, which are directed towards a certain target group, identified in the phase of strategic decisions. Four Ps are identified to be the initial letters of the most fundamental marketing actions, namely, product, price, promotion and place. The correct answer is A.
Soru 37
_______ is the offering in the market, created and sold in order to solve a problem or satisfy a need or want.
Which of the following completes the description above?
Which of the following completes the description above?
Seçenekler
A
Marketing
B
Product
C
Promotion
D
Branding
E
Demand
Açıklama:
Product (good or service) is the offering in the market, created and sold in order to solve a problem or satisfy a need or want. A commodity can be a product, such as salt or bread, can be successfully branded by a company. In business terms, a product can be tangible (like soap) or intangible (like education). The correct answer is B.
Soru 38
Which of the following is the most expensive but the most effective (in terms of the number of people reached with one message) contact method ?
Seçenekler
A
Marketing
B
Promotion
C
Branding
D
Advertising
E
Dumping
Açıklama:
Advertising is the most expensive but the most effective (in terms of the number of people reached with one message) contact method. It is the most well-known mass method of conveying a message. The most important advantage lies in the fact that marketers are able to dramatize the brand meaning, such as by having actual people play a role, having animated images, and all sorts of videos and visual effects. One disadvantage is that there is no control over who is watching the advertisement and the single reaction on each view by each viewer.The correct answer is D.
Soru 39
Which of the following is a term reflecting the brand’s worth in the eyes of consumers, usually reflected in the price?
Seçenekler
A
Brand image
B
Brand identity
C
Brand popularity
D
Brand equity
E
Brand position
Açıklama:
Branding involves a set of marketing and promotion activities that promote the brand, aiming to have a persistent image in consumers’ minds. Branding is the most strategic investment of the company. Brand equity is a term reflecting the brand’s worth in the eyes of consumers, usually reflected in the price. Brand identity is the set of all individual components of a brand, specifically including the imagery, slogans, colors, and all other types of imagery. The correct answer is D.
Soru 40
Which of the following is an example of functional positioning?
Seçenekler
A
Oral-B electric toothbrush claims to reach each and every spot over one’s teeth, and promises a clean, hygienic, and healthy mouth.
B
At Starbucks, baristas take names and chat with customers.
C
Disney TV channel have children around a big toy bear inspecting it like a doctor.
D
Game of Thrones have different games, films, parks, and events.
E
A toy store may invite children to play with toys to understand what they like and do not like.
Açıklama:
Experiential positioning: The brand tries to provide stimulation throughout the purchasing and consumption process. For instance, a toy store may invite children to play with toys to understand what they like and do not like (sensory experience); a smart phone brand may provide in-store experience booths where consumers can explore their needs and wants (cognitive experience), and a theme park may attempt to make consumers have different experiences stimulating a variety of different emotions including joy, happiness, excitement, and thrill (emotional experience). A lot of brands have experiential elements included in their brand positioning such as Starbucks (baristas taking names and chatting with customers), Doc McStuffin (Disney TV channel having children around a big toy bear inspecting it like a doctor), and Game of Thrones (different games, films, parks, and events).Functional positioning: The brand promises to solve a problem and provide a functional benefit to customers. For instance, Oral-B electric toothbrush claims to reach each and every spot over one’s teeth, and promises a clean, hygienic, and healthy mouth. The correct answer is A.
Soru 41
Which of the following is NOT in the definition of marketing?
Seçenekler
A
Creation of goods and services
B
Control of goods and services
C
Delivery of goods and services
D
Directed towards consumers
E
Directed towards businesses
Açıklama:
Marketing is typically defined as the creation, promotion, and delivery of goods and services directed towards consumers and businesses.
Soru 42
Which of the following is the way of doing marketing towards a certain positioning?
Seçenekler
A
Marketing vision
B
Marketin goal
C
Marketing perspective
D
Marketing strategy
E
Marketing system
Açıklama:
Marketing strategy, from this perspective, is the way of doing marketing towards
a certain positioning.
a certain positioning.
Soru 43
I. Generic marketing
II. Differentiation
III. Cost leadership
IV. Scale economy
Which of the above are among generic marketing strategies?
II. Differentiation
III. Cost leadership
IV. Scale economy
Which of the above are among generic marketing strategies?
Seçenekler
A
I, II
B
II, III
C
III, IV
D
I, III
E
II, IV
Açıklama:
Firms develop their strategy in at least one of three dimensions: (1) cost leadership, (2) differentiation, and (3) focus.
Soru 44
Which of the following is NOT a condition for a successful segmentation?
Seçenekler
A
Homogenous group of people
B
Heterogeneous people in different groups
C
Available data for each segment
D
Substantial segments in number and profit potential
E
Confidential segments for advantage
Açıklama:
In order to talk about a useful segmentation, the following conditions must be met:
- People in the same group should be homogenous, i.e. similar to each other in one way of another. This is in fact the basis of effective segmentation: each segment must be similar in terms of needs or chosen characteristics.
- People in different groups should be heterogeneous. Together with the first point, this would demonstrate that consumers are effectively divided into sets of different needs.
- Some data should be available for each segment so that measurements can be made as regards to the size of the market, the general characteristics of consumers constituting that market, details of their buying behavior, and thus, the overall attractiveness of the segment.
- The segments should be substantial either in terms of number (sales potential) or in terms profit per unit sold (profit potential). Each company is likely to have a “minimum” requirement to be profitable.
- The segments should also be accessible so that an effective distribution and communication strategy can be established.
Soru 45
"_________________ enable marketers to closely “know” consumers and understand their psychological and social predispositions."
Which of the following option fills the gap correctly?
Which of the following option fills the gap correctly?
Seçenekler
A
Segmentation
B
Focusing
C
Psychographics
D
Targeting
E
Categorization
Açıklama:
Psychographics enable marketers to closely “know” consumers and understand their psychological and social predispositions.
Soru 46
Which of the following is NOT a criterion for a targeted segment?
Seçenekler
A
accessible
B
substantial
C
actionable
D
adaptable
E
measurable
Açıklama:
The targeted segment should be measurable, substantial, accessible, differentiable, actionable.
Soru 47
Which of the following is NOT one of the 5P's of marketing?
Seçenekler
A
Perspective
B
Promotion
C
Place
D
Price
E
Product
Açıklama:
Four Ps are identified to be the initial letters of the most fundamental marketing actions, namely, product, price, place (distribution), and promotion.
Soru 48
Which of the following is a perishable product?
Seçenekler
A
Detergent
B
Refrigerator
C
Insurance
D
Shroud
E
Shoehorn
Açıklama:
Detergent is a perishable product.
Soru 49
a better pricing strategy is competition-based pricing, where marketers try to understand the market conditions, a reference price by which consumers can compare other prices, and the ongoing price of different types of offerings in the same market.
Seçenekler
A
Cost-based pricing
B
Cost-plus pricing
C
Competition-based pricing
D
Cost-oriented pricing
E
Psychological pricing
Açıklama:
A pricing strategy is competition-based pricing, where marketers try to understand the market conditions, a reference price by which consumers can compare other prices, and the ongoing price of different types of offerings in the same market.
Soru 50
Which of the following in NOT a tool of communication available for marketers?
Seçenekler
A
Advertising
B
Sales promotions
C
Public relation and publicity
D
Personal sales
E
Social media
Açıklama:
The tools of communication available for marketers are: (1) advertising, (2) sales promotions, (3) public relations and publicity, and (4) personal sales.
Soru 51
- creation of goods
- promotion of goods
- delivery of goods
- services directed towards customers
- services directed towards businesses
Seçenekler
A
I - II - III - IV - V
B
II - III - IV - V
C
I - II - III - IV
D
I - III - IV - V
E
I - II - III - V
Açıklama:
Marketing is typically defined as the creation, promotion, and delivery of goods and services directed towards consumers and businesses.
Soru 52
- cost leadership
- differentiation
- focus
Seçenekler
A
I
B
I and II
C
I and III
D
II and III
E
I, II ve III
Açıklama:
Firms needs to choose a specific strategy, a way of doing business so that they can concentrate their efforts and resources on certain areas.3 In his argument, firms failing to do this would “stuck in the middle,” vaguely perceived by consumers as a strong brand (Figure 5.1). Firms which stuck in the middle fail to develop their strategy in at least one of three dimensions: (1) cost leadership, (2) differentiation, and (3) focus. Companies should build competitive advantage in order to remain distinctive in the market and hold the advantage for a long period of time.
Soru 53
"..........attempts to capture a smaller segment in the market."
Which of the following fills in the blank correctly?
Which of the following fills in the blank correctly?
Seçenekler
A
Scale economies
B
Cost leadership strategy
C
Focus strategy
D
Marketing
E
Differentiation strategy
Açıklama:
Focus strategy attempts to capture a smaller segment in the market.
Soru 54
- People in the same group should be homogenous, i.e. similar to each other in one way of another. This is in fact the basis of effective segmentation: each segment must be similar in terms of needs or chosen characteristics.
- People in different groups should be heterogeneous. Together with the first point, this would demonstrate that consumers are effectively divided into sets of different needs.
- Some data should be available for each segment so that measurements can be made as regards to the size of the market, the general characteristics of consumers constituting that market, details of their buying behavior, and thus, the overall attractiveness of the segment.
- The segments should be substantial either in terms of number (sales potential) or in terms profit per unit sold (profit potential). Each company islikely to have a “minimum” requirement to be profitable.
- The segments should also be accessible so that an effective distribution and communication strategy can be established.
Seçenekler
A
I - II - III - IV - V
B
I - II - III - IV
C
I - II - III
D
III - IV - V
E
II - III - IV - V
Açıklama:
In order to talk about a useful segmentation, the following conditions must be met: 1. People in the same group should be homogenous, i.e. similar to each other in one way of another. This is in fact the basis of effective segmentation: each segment must be similar in terms of needs or chosen characteristics. 2. People in different groups should be heterogeneous. Together with the first point, this would demonstrate that consumers are effectively divided into sets of different needs. 3. Some data should be available for each segment so that measurements can be made as regards to the size of the market, the general characteristics of consumers constituting that market, details of their buying behavior, and thus, the overall attractiveness of the segment. 4. The segments should be substantial either in terms of number (sales potential) or in terms profit per unit sold (profit potential). Each company islikely to have a “minimum” requirement to be profitable. 5. The segments should also be accessible so that an effective distribution and communication strategy can be established.
Soru 55
- geographic
- demographic
- categorizing consumers
- psychographic information
- segmentation
Seçenekler
A
I - II - III - IV - V
B
I - II - III - IV
C
I - II - III
D
II - III - IV - V
E
I - IV - V
Açıklama:
The criteria for segmentation may differ from one company to another. One of the most convenient methods is geographic segmentation.
A more sophisticated yet still simple criterion for segmentation is demographic (and in the case of B2B markets, firmographics).
A more useful approach is categorizing consumers on the basis of how they purchase and use a particular product or brand.
The most useful approach in segmenting consumers is on the basis of psychographic information.
An ideal segmentation approach combines different strategies (including demographics and psychographics) to arrive at groups with the highest level of differentiation.
A more sophisticated yet still simple criterion for segmentation is demographic (and in the case of B2B markets, firmographics).
A more useful approach is categorizing consumers on the basis of how they purchase and use a particular product or brand.
The most useful approach in segmenting consumers is on the basis of psychographic information.
An ideal segmentation approach combines different strategies (including demographics and psychographics) to arrive at groups with the highest level of differentiation.
Soru 56
Which of the following is not one of the 4Ps (Marketing Mix)?
Seçenekler
A
Product
B
Plan
C
Price
D
Place
E
Promotion
Açıklama:
Marketing mix can be considered as the tactical-level marketing facilities, which are directed towards a certain target group, identified in the phase of strategic decisions. Four Ps are identified to be the initial letters of the most fundamental marketing actions, namely, product, price,place (distribution), and promotion.
Soru 57
Which of the following pair is correctly given?
Seçenekler
A
Customer value - Promotion
B
Customer value - Place
C
Cost to the customer - Product
D
Convenience - Price
E
Communication - Promotion
Açıklama:
When evaluated from the consumer’s perspective, marketing mix is called “Four Cs”, representing customer value (product), cost to the customer (price), convenience (place), and communication (promotion).
Soru 58
Which of the following gives the correct order of the product layers?
Seçenekler
A
Generic - Core - Expected - Augmented - Potential
B
Core - Generic - Augmented - Potential - Expected
C
Core - Generic - Potential - Expected - Augmented
D
Core - Generic - Expected - Augmented - Potential
E
Augmented - Potential - Generic - Expected - Core
Açıklama:
Core - Generic - Expected - Augmented - Potential
Soru 59
"............. involves a set of marketing and promotion activities that promote the brand, aiming to have a persistent image in consumers’ minds. Branding is the most strategic investment of the company."
Which of the following fills in the blank correctly?
Which of the following fills in the blank correctly?
Seçenekler
A
Brand Equity
B
Branding
C
Brand identity
D
Positioning
E
Brand Value
Açıklama:
Branding involves a set of marketing and promotion activities that promote the brand, aiming to have a persistent image in consumers’ minds. Branding is the most strategic investment of the company.
Soru 60
"...........refers to the set of human characteristics attributable to a brand."
Which of the following fills in the blank correctly?
Which of the following fills in the blank correctly?
Seçenekler
A
Branding
B
Brand identity
C
Brand value
D
Brand personality
E
Brand Equity
Açıklama:
Brand personality refers to the set of human characteristics attributable to a brand.
Soru 61
Which of the following two are the key decisions that marketers need to make to combine all marketing goals into one plan?
Seçenekler
A
Generic marketing strategy / Segmentation and targeting
B
Cost leadership / Differentiation
C
Unique product / Basic Product
D
Marketing strategy / Scale economy
E
Focus strategy / Differentiation
Açıklama:
Marketing strategy is the way of doing marketing towards a certain positioning. For marketers to decide on this “way,” they have to combine all marketing goals into one comprehensive plan. Two key decisions that marketers have to make in this regard are (1) generic marketing strategy and (2) segmentation and targeting.
The correct answer is A.
The correct answer is A.
Soru 62
An insurance company specializes in ‘crop insurance’ only. Which of the following marketing strategies does this company follow?
Seçenekler
A
Cost leadership strategy
B
Differentiation strategy
C
Scale economy
D
Strategic segmentation
E
Focus strategy
Açıklama:
Focus strategy attempts to capture a smaller segment in the market; however offering a very specific product designed according to the particular needs of this segment, it is highly possible that people with that need would buy from this focused company. A company using a focus strategy may concentrate on a particular group of customers or on a particular product line segment.
Thus, the correct answer is E.
Thus, the correct answer is E.
Soru 63
Which of the following is not an element of the marketing mix?
Seçenekler
A
Price
B
Product
C
Promotion
D
Prospection
E
Place
Açıklama:
Marketing mix, also known as the 4Ps of marketing, constitutes the set of all marketing activities a company engages itself in pursuing its marketing goals and objectives. Four Ps are the initial letters of the most fundamental marketing actions, namely, product, price, place (distribution), and promotion. Prospection is not one of these elements.
The correct answer is D.
The correct answer is D.
Soru 64
With which of the following marketing mix activities are newsletters, catalogues and company websites closely associated?
Seçenekler
A
Distribution
B
Pricing
C
Product
D
Promotion
E
Retailing
Açıklama:
Promotion entails the activities that attempt to establish some sort of a relationship with target customers, and all shareholders involved, and try to win the heart and loyalty of consumers. Promotion aims to promote the product in the market. Various methods have been used to inform the target audience about the product, including newsletters, direct mails and catalogues.
The correct answer is D.
The correct answer is D.
Soru 65
In September 2015, the EPA issued a report stating that Volkswagen falsified emissions numbers. As the news spread, the public no longer viewed the brand as trustworthy, nor as adhering to their promises to be environmentally friendly.
This constitutes an example of -------------------------------.
This constitutes an example of -------------------------------.
Seçenekler
A
Brand identity
B
Positioning
C
Brand equity
D
Branding
E
Perception
Açıklama:
Brand equity is a term reflecting the brand’s worth in the eyes of consumers, usually reflected in the price. After it became known that VW falsified emission numbers, Volkswagen lost brand equity.
The correct answer is C.
The correct answer is C.
Soru 66
Apple is artistic, sophisticated and creative. Apple products are elegant, as is its packaging, software and marketing.
Nike is exciting, provocative, innovative and durable.
Volvo has been associated with being responsible, trustworthy, reliable, and family-man.
Which of the following brand-related terms are these descriptions associated with?
Nike is exciting, provocative, innovative and durable.
Volvo has been associated with being responsible, trustworthy, reliable, and family-man.
Which of the following brand-related terms are these descriptions associated with?
Seçenekler
A
Brand identity
B
Brand value
C
Brand equity
D
Brand positioning
E
Brand personality
Açıklama:
Brand personality refers to the set of human characteristics attributable to a brand. It may be considered as a general framework through which the company can study consumer perceptions and the current positioning of the brand. Personality of a brand, just like the personality of a human being, is the way a brandspeaks and behaves; therefore, brand personalityusually refers to the emotional associations of a brand, rather than its tangible and functional attributes although demographic characteristics can be used to assess brand personality.
The correct answer is E.
The correct answer is E.
Soru 67
BuzzFeed is an American Internet media, news and entertainment company with a focus on digital media. A lot of quizzes by Buzzfeed make consumers discover their own realities, go through a list of exciting questions, and then share the results if they want to.
Which of the following terms is defined above?
Which of the following terms is defined above?
Seçenekler
A
Content marketing
B
Big data
C
Brand personality
D
Social media management
E
Positioning
Açıklama:
Content marketingrefers to the creation, publishing, and distribution of digital content for a targeted audience online.
The correct answer is A.
The correct answer is A.
Soru 68
Which of the following is not one of the main characteristics of big data?
Seçenekler
A
Volume
B
Variety
C
Velocity
D
Value
E
Veracity
Açıklama:
Big data represents large and complex sets of data collected through primary data collection methods and data readily available on the web. Big data can be described by five characteristics:15 the volume (the quantity of data), variety (type and nature of data), velocity (the speed of data generation), variability (inconsistency of data), and veracity (the quality of data).
Value is not one of the main characteristics of big data.
The correct answer is D.
Value is not one of the main characteristics of big data.
The correct answer is D.
Soru 69
Half of Bosch’s research and development budget is invested in creating environmental protection technology. By 2021 the company will have invested €50 million to support universities and research programs that are focused on the environment, energy and mobility in Germany, India, the U.S and China. This is a good example of ------------------------ in marketing.
Which of the following terms best completes the above paragraph?
Which of the following terms best completes the above paragraph?
Seçenekler
A
Content marketing
B
Corporate social responsibility
C
Customer relationship management
D
Brand personality
E
Brand identity
Açıklama:
Corporate social responsibility (CSR), also called corporate citizenship, denotes the integration of a self-regulation mechanism in all conducts and ideas of doing business. The basic form of CSR is philanthropy, i.e. providing monetary donations. However, there may be other forms of CSR, e.g. raising social awareness with regard to environmental protection, sustainability, and protection of human rights.
The correct answer is B.
The correct answer is B.
Soru 70
Which of the following is an example of convenience and perishable products?
Seçenekler
A
Shampoo
B
Refrigerator
C
Pharmaceuticals
D
Credit card
E
Special winery
Açıklama:
Consumers purchase convenience products on a frequent basis. They are usually cheap products, which require minimum effort. Shopping products, on the other hand, require more effort on the part of consumers since they are less frequently purchased. Specialty products require much more time andmoney; therefore, consumers may compare brands and prices and may necessitate different promotionand distribution strategies. Lastly, unsought products are not normally wanted by consumers, as the name implies. They are not products to be consumed with joy, but bought because of an obligation.
Thus, shampoo falls under the category of convenience products. Having fixed life time, it is also a perishable product.
The correct answer is A.
Thus, shampoo falls under the category of convenience products. Having fixed life time, it is also a perishable product.
The correct answer is A.
Ünite 6
Soru 1
........is the transformation or conversion of a set of inputs, such as raw materials, labor, knowledge, into one or more outputs such as tables, cars, and banking services.
Which of the following can fill the blank appropriately?
Which of the following can fill the blank appropriately?
Seçenekler
A
production
B
system
C
implementation
D
operation
E
equipment
Açıklama:
Production is the transformation or conversion of a set of inputs, such as raw materials, labor, knowledge, into one or more outputs such as tables, cars, and banking services.
Soru 2
I. Production is an organized activity. II. The system transforms the various inputs to useful outputs. III. It operates in isolation from the other organizational systems.
Which one/s is/are the characterisctic/s of the production system?
Which one/s is/are the characterisctic/s of the production system?
Seçenekler
A
Only I
B
Only III
C
I and II
D
I and III
E
I, II and III
Açıklama:
The production system has the following characteristics:
• Production is an organized activity; thus every production system has an objective.
• The system transforms the various inputs to useful outputs.
• It does not operate in isolation from the other organizational systems.
• There exists a feedback about the production activities, which is essential to control and improve system performance.
• Production is an organized activity; thus every production system has an objective.
• The system transforms the various inputs to useful outputs.
• It does not operate in isolation from the other organizational systems.
• There exists a feedback about the production activities, which is essential to control and improve system performance.
Soru 3
Which option is not a sub-function of the transformation process?
Seçenekler
A
design
B
scheduling
C
operation
D
transformation control
E
location
Açıklama:
During the transformation process, the production function in the company involves four specific sub-functions which are design, scheduling, operation, and transformation control.
Soru 4
I. Systems that produce tangible goods usually rely more heavily on raw materials inputs than do service systems. II. Services usually can be stored for later use and transported over space before the ultimate use, whereas goods usually cannot. III. Consumers of goods have little, if any, direct involvement with the production of the goods.
Which information above is true for production system?
Which information above is true for production system?
Seçenekler
A
Only I
B
I and III
C
II and III
D
Only III
E
I, II and III
Açıklama:
Some of the main differences of the production of goods and services are as follows:
• Systems that produce tangible goods usually rely more heavily on raw materials inputs than do service systems.
• Goods usually can be stored for later use and transported over space before the ultimate use, whereas services usually cannot.
• Consumers of goods have little, if any, direct involvement with the production of the goods. In contrast, most services require close involvement of the customer with the production process and in many cases actual physical contact is essential.
• Systems that produce tangible goods usually rely more heavily on raw materials inputs than do service systems.
• Goods usually can be stored for later use and transported over space before the ultimate use, whereas services usually cannot.
• Consumers of goods have little, if any, direct involvement with the production of the goods. In contrast, most services require close involvement of the customer with the production process and in many cases actual physical contact is essential.
Soru 5
Which information is not true for services (intangible products)?
Seçenekler
A
Reselling services is unusual
B
Many services cannot be inventoried
C
Service is often difficult to automate
D
Location of a facility is important for cost
E
Many aspects of quality are difficult to measure
Açıklama:
Services (Intangible Products)
-Reselling services is unusual
-Many services cannot be inventoried
-Many aspects of quality are difficult to measure
- Selling is often a part of the production of service
- Service provider, not the service itself, is often transportable
- Location of a facility is not important
-Service is often difficult to automate
-Revenue is generated primarily from the intangible services even though there are some goods which are associated with services
-Reselling services is unusual
-Many services cannot be inventoried
-Many aspects of quality are difficult to measure
- Selling is often a part of the production of service
- Service provider, not the service itself, is often transportable
- Location of a facility is not important
-Service is often difficult to automate
-Revenue is generated primarily from the intangible services even though there are some goods which are associated with services
Soru 6
I. Flow process II. Job-shop process III. Cellular process IV. Project process
There are several different processes that manufacturers use to produce goods. Which of the above are included in this classification?
There are several different processes that manufacturers use to produce goods. Which of the above are included in this classification?
Seçenekler
A
I and II
B
I, II and III
C
II, III and IV
D
III and IV
E
I, II, III and IV
Açıklama:
There are several different processes manufacturers use to produce goods. Although there are different types of processes, in the literature, the processes are classified according to their physical configuration, material and product flow, flexibility and volume expectations in this chapter. The four types of processes are: Flow process; Job-shop process; Cellular process; and Project process.
Soru 7
Which of the following is the place that first physical flexible manufacturing system established?
Seçenekler
A
Britain
B
United States
C
Germany
D
Japan
E
France
Açıklama:
The concept of flexible manufacturing system (FMS) was conceived in Britain in the early 1960s, and the first physical FMS was established around 1967 in the United States.
Soru 8
Which one of the following terms refers to the production of goods using less human effort, less manufacturing space, less investment in tools, and less engineering time to develop a new product?
Seçenekler
A
Lean production
B
Part family
C
Flexible manufacturing system
D
Production management
E
Supply chain management
Açıklama:
Lean production is the production of goods using less human effort, less manufacturing space, less investment in tools, and less engineering time to develop a new product.
Soru 9
Which one of the following production system is based on having the right items of the right quality and quantity in the right place and the right time?
Seçenekler
A
Flexible Manufacturing System
B
Lean Production System
C
Just-In-Time Production System
D
Computer Integrated Manufacturing
E
Mass Customization
Açıklama:
Just-In-Time (JIT) production is a Japanese management philosophy applied in manufacturing which involves having the right items of the right quality and quantity in the right place and the right time.
Soru 10
I. Continuous profit
II. Participation
III. Customer satisfaction
Which one of the items above is among the key components of total quality management?
II. Participation
III. Customer satisfaction
Which one of the items above is among the key components of total quality management?
Seçenekler
A
Only I
B
Only II
C
Only III
D
I-II
E
II-III
Açıklama:
Key components of the TQM philosophy: continuous improvement; participation;
customer satisfaction.
customer satisfaction.
Soru 11
Which of the following is called the transformation of tangible and intangible inputs into goods or services?
Seçenekler
A
Production.
B
System.
C
Feedback.
D
Control.
E
Scheduling.
Açıklama:
Production is defined as the transformation of tangible and intangible inputs into goods or services. In other words, production is the transformation or conversion of a set of inputs, such as raw materials, labor, knowledge, into one or more outputs such as tables, cars, and banking services.
Soru 12
Which of the following is true regarding the characteristics of the production system?
Seçenekler
A
The feedback about the production activities is totally unnecessary.
B
It operates in isolation from the other organizational systems.
C
The system transforms the various inputs to useful outputs.
D
Production is not an organized activity.
E
Not every production system has an objective.
Açıklama:
The production system has the following characteristics: 1) Production is an organized activity; thus every production system has an objective. 2) The system transforms the various inputs to useful outputs. 3) It does not operate in isolation from the other organizational systems. 4) There exists a feedback about the production activities, which is essential to control and improve system performance.
Soru 13
Which of the following is not one of the sub-functions involved in the production function in a company during the transformation process?
Seçenekler
A
Scheduling.
B
Design.
C
Operation.
D
Feedback.
E
Transformation control.
Açıklama:
During the transformation process, the production function in the company involves four specific sub-functions which are design, scheduling, operation, and transformation control.Feedback mechanisms are required to monitor the performance of the transformation process. There may be some random disturbances hampering the transformation process of converting the inputs into desired outputs.
Soru 14
Which of the following is false regarding production management?
Seçenekler
A
The application of management to the field of production has been the result of the creation of the factory system for producing goods.
B
Production management stems from the development of the large corporation with multiple owners and the necessity to hire people for operating businesses.
C
Facility design, job design, schedule design, quality control, inventory control, work study and cost and budgetary control are some application examples for the production management.
D
Production management plays a strategic role in an organization’s competitive success.
E
Production management is a process that produces families of parts within a single line or cell of machines operated by operators who work only within the line or the cell.
Açıklama:
Cellular manufacturing is a process that produces families of parts within a single line or cell of machines operated by operators who work only within the line or the cell. Production management involves the application of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling the production process.
Soru 15
Which of the following is one of the disadvantages of the flow process?
Seçenekler
A
Operations are inefficient.
B
Initial costs are high.
C
Work-in process inventories are large.
D
Quality conformance is very hard to achieve.
E
Space utilization is inefficient.
Açıklama:
Advantages of the flow processes: Operations are efficient; workers can benefit from repetition of a narrow range of tasks; material handling can be simplified; work-in process inventories are small; space utilization is efficient; quality conformance is easier to achieve; and production scheduling and coordination are relatively easy. Disadvantages of the flow processes: Initial costs are high; work can become tedious and boring; and the production system is extremely vulnerable.
Soru 16
Who was first introduced the concept of 'division of labor'?
Seçenekler
A
Henry Ford.
B
Henry Gannt.
C
Adam Smith.
D
Eli Whitney.
E
Frederick W. Taylor.
Açıklama:
Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations (1776) proposed the division of labor, in which the production process was broken down into a series of small tasks, each performed by a different worker. The specialization of the workers on limited, repetitive tasks allowed them to become very proficient at those tasks and further encouraged the development of specialized machinery.
Soru 17
Which of the following is true regarding flexible manufacturing system (FMS)?
Seçenekler
A
The first physical FMS was established in Britain.
B
FMS does not require communication and cooperation among customers and employees throughout the company.
C
Flexible manufacturing systems typically address high-volume and high-variety production.
D
It is impossible for FMS to adjust itself in response to changing requirements in production.
E
FMS flexibility is limited to the production of a single part family or a limited range of part families.
Açıklama:
The FMS is based on the concept of group technology, as it is designed to produce parts within a specific range of styles, sizes, and processes. Thus, FMS flexibility is limited to the production of a single part family or a limited range of part families. A part family is defined as a number of parts with similar dimensions, geometric features, and tolerances or processing requirements or both.
Soru 18
'Materials requirement planning....'
Finish the sentence with the appropriate option below.
Finish the sentence with the appropriate option below.
Seçenekler
A
Is only concerned with production scheduling.
B
Is applicable in situations of multiple items with complex bills of materials.
C
Is useful for job shops.
D
Increases material waste even if it is applied correctly.
E
Was pioneered in the 2000’s with the work of Orlicky.
Açıklama:
MRP is concerned with both production scheduling and inventory control. It is a material control system that attempts to keep adequate inventory levels to assure that required materials are available when needed. MRP is applicable in situations of multiple items with complex bills of materials. MRP is not useful for job shops or for continuous processes that are tightly linked. MRP was pioneered in the 1970’s with the work of Orlicky. Later evolved or became part of integrated to Manufacturing Resource Planning systems (or MRPII).
Soru 19
Which of the characteristics mentioned below does not depend on the effectiveness of management information?
Seçenekler
A
Relevance.
B
Quality.
C
Timeliness.
D
Variety.
E
Completeness.
Açıklama:
The effectiveness of management information depends on four characteristics: Quality, Completeness, Timeliness, and Relevance.
Soru 20
'A companywide network, closed to public access, that uses the infrastructure and standards of the Internet and the Web is called.....'
Which of the following appropriately could complete the sentence above?
Which of the following appropriately could complete the sentence above?
Seçenekler
A
Intranet.
B
Internet.
C
Extranet.
D
Management support system.
E
Information system.
Açıklama:
Internal network, referred to as intranet, is a companywide network, closed to public access, that uses the infrastructure and standards of the Internet and the Web. It may consist of many interlinked local area networks and also use leased lines in the wide area network. Typically, an intranet includes connections through one or more gateway computers to the outside Internet. The main purpose of an intranet is to share company information and computing resources among employees. Employees in the company can communicate to each other and access company information by intranet.
Soru 21
Which of the followings is a collection of interacting, interrelated or interdependent components that are organized for a common purpose?
Seçenekler
A
Production
B
System
C
Lean production
D
Process
E
Function
Açıklama:
PRODUCTION, PRODUCTION SYSTEM, AND PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT
A system is a collection of interacting, interrelated or interdependent components that are organized for a common purpose.
A system is a collection of interacting, interrelated or interdependent components that are organized for a common purpose.
Soru 22
Which of the followings is the transformation or conversion of a set of inputs, such as raw materials, labor, knowledge, into one or more outputs such as tables, cars, and banking services?
Seçenekler
A
Production
B
System
C
Organization
D
Process
E
Function
Açıklama:
PRODUCTION, PRODUCTION SYSTEM, AND PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT
Production is the transformation or conversion of a set of inputs, such as raw materials, labor, knowledge, into one or more outputs such as tables, cars, and banking services.
Production is the transformation or conversion of a set of inputs, such as raw materials, labor, knowledge, into one or more outputs such as tables, cars, and banking services.
Soru 23
Which of the followings is the main purpose of production systems?
Seçenekler
A
To manage the production systems and subsytems effectively.
B
To produce goods and/or services.
C
To design cells in such a way that some measure of performance is optimized.
D
To perform the steps in the designated sequence for all the products.
E
To characterize and classify products.
Açıklama:
Production System
The main purpose of production systems is to produce goods and/or services.
The main purpose of production systems is to produce goods and/or services.
Soru 24
Which of the following feature of the transformation process in the production system can be in entertainment?
Seçenekler
A
Physical
B
Locational
C
Physiological
D
Psychological
E
Informational
Açıklama:
Production System
The transformation process in the production
system can be:
• Physical: in manufacturing operations,
• Locational: in transportation or warehouse
operations,
• Exchange: in retail operations,
• Physiological: in health care,
• Psychological: in entertainment,
• Informational: in communication.
The transformation process in the production
system can be:
• Physical: in manufacturing operations,
• Locational: in transportation or warehouse
operations,
• Exchange: in retail operations,
• Physiological: in health care,
• Psychological: in entertainment,
• Informational: in communication.
Soru 25
Which of the following feature of the transformation process in the production system can be in communication?
Seçenekler
A
Physical
B
Locational
C
Physiological
D
Psychological
E
Informational
Açıklama:
Production System
The transformation process in the production
system can be:
• Physical: in manufacturing operations,
• Locational: in transportation or warehouse
operations,
• Exchange: in retail operations,
• Physiological: in health care,
• Psychological: in entertainment,
• Informational: in communication.
The transformation process in the production
system can be:
• Physical: in manufacturing operations,
• Locational: in transportation or warehouse
operations,
• Exchange: in retail operations,
• Physiological: in health care,
• Psychological: in entertainment,
• Informational: in communication.
Soru 26
Which of the following does not involve the specific sub-functions of the production function in the company during the transformation process?
Seçenekler
A
Design
B
Application of planning
C
Scheduling
D
Operation
E
Transformation control
Açıklama:
Production System
During the transformation process, the production function in the company involves four specific sub-functions which are design, scheduling, operation, and transformation control.
During the transformation process, the production function in the company involves four specific sub-functions which are design, scheduling, operation, and transformation control.
Soru 27
Which of the following feature of services for intangible products is not true?
Seçenekler
A
Reselling services is usual
B
Many services cannot be inventoried
C
Many aspects of quality are difficult to measure
D
Location of a facility is not important
E
Service is often difficult to automate
Açıklama:
Production System
Reselling services is unusual
Reselling services is unusual
Soru 28
Which of the following feature is related to tangible goods?
Seçenekler
A
Some aspects of quality are measurable.
B
Location of a facility is not important.
C
Many aspects of quality are difficult to measure.
D
Reselling services is unusual.
E
Service is often difficult to automate.
Açıklama:
Production System
Some aspects of quality are measurable in goods.
Some aspects of quality are measurable in goods.
Soru 29
Which of the following step is not in the production management?
Seçenekler
A
Application of planning
B
Organizing
C
Design
D
Directing
E
Controlling the production process
Açıklama:
Production Management
Production management involves the application of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling the production process.
Production management involves the application of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling the production process.
Soru 30
Which of the following process is usually used in process industries such as paper, chemicals, bulk foods, petroleum and water?
Seçenekler
A
Continuous flow process
B
Repetitive flow process
C
Discrete flow process
D
Batch flow process
E
Disconnected flow process
Açıklama:
Types of flow processes
Continuous flow process: This type of flow process is usually used in process industries such as paper, chemicals, bulk foods, petroleum and water.
Continuous flow process: This type of flow process is usually used in process industries such as paper, chemicals, bulk foods, petroleum and water.
Soru 31
Which of the following process is used when a company manufactures several different products that require different types of processing and processing for different products is performed in different sequences?
Seçenekler
A
Cellular Process
B
Job-Shop Process
C
Project Process
D
Continuous flow process
E
Disconnected flow process
Açıklama:
The job-shop process is used when a company manufactures several different products that require different types of processing and processing for different products is performed in different sequences.
Soru 32
Which of the followings is the ultimate goal of production management?
Seçenekler
A
To provide high-quality goods and services instantaneously in response to customer demand by the lowest possible cost.
B
To produce high quality goods while decreasing its need for resources.
C
To drive all ques toward zero in order to minimize inventory investment, shorten production lead times.
D
To make a unique product or provide a specific service to specific individuals.
E
To buy products among a wide variety of produts but with lowest possible cost.
Açıklama:
NEW TRENDS IN PRODUCTION PROCESSES
The ultimate goal of production management is to provide high-quality goods and services instantaneously in response to customer demand by the lowest possible cost.
The ultimate goal of production management is to provide high-quality goods and services instantaneously in response to customer demand by the lowest possible cost.
Soru 33
Which of the followings aims to make a unique product or provide a specific service to specific individuals?
Seçenekler
A
Computer Integrated Manufacturing
B
Just-In-Time Production System
C
Mass Customization
D
E-manufacturing
E
Lean Production System
Açıklama:
Customization aims to make a unique product or provide a specific service to specific individuals. Although it once may have seemed impossible, mass customization, which means tailoring products to meet the needs of a large number of individual customers, is now practiced widely.
Soru 34
During the transformation process, the production function in the company does not involve this specific sub-function:
Seçenekler
A
Design.
B
Scheduling.
C
Operation.
D
Transformation control.
E
Exchange.
Açıklama:
During the transformation process, the production function in the company involves four specific sub-functions which are design, scheduling, operation, and transformation control.
Soru 35
Which of the following is true regarding tangible products (goods)?
Seçenekler
A
Reselling them is impossible.
B
Some aspects of quality are measurable.
C
Selling is a part of the production of goods.
D
It is often difficult to automate productio of goods.
E
Location of facility is not important for cost.
Açıklama:
Some of goods can be resold, some aspects of their quality are measurable, selling is distinct from production of goods, location of a facility is important for cost, it is often easy to automate production of goods.
Soru 36
Which of the following is the correct definition of "production"?
Seçenekler
A
Production is about involving the application of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling the production process.
B
Production is involving four specific sub-functions which are design, scheduling, operation, and transformation control.
C
Production is to involve making decisions on equipment selection, type of production process, and work flow patterns.
D
Production is the transformation or conversion of a set of inputs, such as raw
materials, labor, knowledge, into one or more outputs
materials, labor, knowledge, into one or more outputs
E
Production is a collection of interacting, interrelated or interdependent components that are organized for a common purpose.
Açıklama:
Production is the transformation or conversion of a set of inputs, such as raw
materials, labor, knowledge, into one or more outputs such as tables, cars, and
banking services.
materials, labor, knowledge, into one or more outputs such as tables, cars, and
banking services.
Soru 37
Which of the following is not a characteristic of "transformation process"?
Seçenekler
A
Phonological
B
Physical
C
Locational
D
Exchange
E
Psychological
Açıklama:
Transformation process in the production system can be:
• Physical: in manufacturing operations,
• Locational: in transportation or warehouse operations,
• Exchange: in retail operations,
• Physiological: in health care,
• Psychological: in entertainment,
• Informational: in communication
• Physical: in manufacturing operations,
• Locational: in transportation or warehouse operations,
• Exchange: in retail operations,
• Physiological: in health care,
• Psychological: in entertainment,
• Informational: in communication
Soru 38
Which of the following definitions is not a main characteristic of production management?
Seçenekler
A
It is the process of effective planning operations of the production section of an enterprise
B
Production management involves the application of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling the marketting process.
C
Production management provides decisions to the production process to ensure that the resulting goods are produced in accordance with the quantitative specifications
D
Production management is a set of general principles for production economics
E
It is the process of effective regulating operations of the production section of an enterprise
Açıklama:
Following definitions explain main characteristics of production management:
• It is the process of effective planning and regulating operations of the production section of an enterprise which is responsible for the act transforming materials into finished products.
• Production management provides decisions to the production process for ensuring that the resulting goods and services are produced in accordance with the quantitative specifications and demand schedule with minimum cost.
• Production management is a set of general principles for production economics. Facility design, job design, schedule design, quality control, inventory control, work study, and cost and budgetary control are some application examples for the production management. This definition
explains the main areas of an enterprise where the principles of production management can be applied.
• It is the process of effective planning and regulating operations of the production section of an enterprise which is responsible for the act transforming materials into finished products.
• Production management provides decisions to the production process for ensuring that the resulting goods and services are produced in accordance with the quantitative specifications and demand schedule with minimum cost.
• Production management is a set of general principles for production economics. Facility design, job design, schedule design, quality control, inventory control, work study, and cost and budgetary control are some application examples for the production management. This definition
explains the main areas of an enterprise where the principles of production management can be applied.
Soru 39
Which of the following is not one of the disadvantages of flow process?
Seçenekler
A
Operations are efficient
B
Initial costs are high
C
Work can be tedious
D
The work can be boring
E
The production system is extremely vulnerable.
Açıklama:
Disadvantages of the flow processes: Initial costs are high; work can become tedious and boring; and the production system is extremely vulnerable.
Advantages of the flow processes: Since specialized equipment is used, operations are efficient; workers can benefit from repetition of a narrow range of tasks; material handling can be simplified; work-in process inventories are small; space utilization is efficient; quality conformance is easier to achieve; and production scheduling and coordination are relatively easy.
Advantages of the flow processes: Since specialized equipment is used, operations are efficient; workers can benefit from repetition of a narrow range of tasks; material handling can be simplified; work-in process inventories are small; space utilization is efficient; quality conformance is easier to achieve; and production scheduling and coordination are relatively easy.
Soru 40
Which of the following is true for "Cellular manufacturing"?
Seçenekler
A
The field of cellular manifacturing was born to manage the flow of information, products, and services across a network ofcustomers, enterprises and supply chain partners.
B
During the cellular manifacturing, many new inventions are implemented
that allow goods to be manufactured with greater ease and speed.
that allow goods to be manufactured with greater ease and speed.
C
Cellular manifacturing is characterised by a low degree of job customisation, a
large scope for each project, and rarely need for substantial resources to complete the project
large scope for each project, and rarely need for substantial resources to complete the project
D
Organizations capture all of the efficiencies of flow processes and the
flexibility of job-shop processes, which is called cellular process.
flexibility of job-shop processes, which is called cellular process.
E
Cellular manufacturing is a process that produces families of parts within a
single line or cell of machines operated by operators who work only within the line or the cell.
single line or cell of machines operated by operators who work only within the line or the cell.
Açıklama:
Cellular manufacturing is a process that produces families of parts within a single line or cell of machines operated by operators who work only within the line or the cell. A cell is a small scale, clearly-defined production unit within a larger factory. This unit has complete responsibility for producing a family of like parts or a product
Soru 41
"Supply chain management was born to..........." Which of the following appropriately completes the statement above?
Seçenekler
A
concentrate on input and output dimensions of transformation processes.
B
manage the flow of information, products, and services across a network of customers, enterprises and supply chain partners
C
change the rules of production from mass production to lean production
D
delegate the function of manufacturing to technical specialists who ignored changes in the consumer environment
E
shorten product life cycles and product development times, changes in technology, more customized products, and segmented markets.
Açıklama:
The field of supply chain management was born to manage the flow of information, products, and services across a network of customers, enterprises and supply chain partners. Supply chain management concentrates on input and output dimensions of transformation processes. Increasingly, however, as the transformation process is performed by suppliers who can be located around the world, the supply chain manager is also concerned with the timeliness, quality, and legalities of the suppliers’ operations
Soru 42
"Just-In-Time production is.........." Which of the following completes the statement above most apropriately?
Seçenekler
A
is defined as a number of parts with similar dimensions, geometric features, and
tolerances or processing requirements or both
tolerances or processing requirements or both
B
is the production of goods using less human effort, less manufacturing space, less investment in tools, and less engineering time to develop a new product
C
was introduced in response to a new demand for more variety and for greater responsiveness to changes in products, production technology, and markets.
D
is a Japanese management philosophy applied in manufacturing which involves having the right items of the right quality and quantity in the right place and the right time.
E
is to provide high-quality goods and services instantaneously in response to customer demand by the lowest possible cost.
Açıklama:
Just-In-Time (JIT) is a Japanese management philosophy which has been applied in practice since the early 1970s in many Japanese manufacturing companies. It was first developed and perfected within the Toyota manufacturing plants by Taiichi Ohno as a means of meeting consumer demands with minimum delays. Just-In-Time production is a Japanese management philosophy applied in manufacturing which involves having the right items of the right quality and quantity in the right place and the right time. It has been widely reported that the proper use of JIT production has resulted in increases in quality, productivity, and efficiency, improved communication and decreases in costs and wastes. The potential of gaining these benefits has made many organizations question and consider this approach to manufacturing. For these reasons, JIT has become a very popular subject currently being investigated by many worldwide organizations.
Soru 43
"Supply chain management ..............." Which of the following most appropriately completes the statement above?
Seçenekler
A
is the oversight of materials, information, and finances as they move in a process from supplier to manufacturer, wholesaler, retailer, and consumer.
B
is concerned with the determination of production, inventory, and work force levels to meet fluctuating demand requirements over a planning horizon
C
determines the quantities needed to meet demands from all sources and governs key decisions and activities throughout the organization.
D
controls the levels of inventory by determining how much to order and when to order
E
is a material control system that attempts to keep adequate inventory levels to assure that required materials are available when needed.
Açıklama:
Supply chain management (SCM) is the oversight of materials, information, and finances as they move in a process from supplier to manufacturer, wholesaler, retailer, and consumer. Supply chain management coordinates and integrates these flows both within and among companies. One argument is that the ultimate goal of any effective supply chain management system is to reduce inventory (with the assumption that products are available when needed). SCM represents an effort by suppliers to develop and implement supply chains that are as efficient and economical as possible.
Soru 44
Which of the following is not one of the characteristics of the effectiveness of management information?
Seçenekler
A
Quality
B
Completeness
C
Effectiveness
D
Timeliness
E
Relevance
Açıklama:
The effectiveness of management information depends on four characteristics:
1. Quality: The information must be accurate and reliable. If not, the solution of the problems will generate new problems.
2. Completeness: The information must be enough to allow the decision maker to make the right decision but not so much as to confuse the issue. Today, having excessive information rather than too little is a significant problem for business managers.
3. Timeliness: Managers can reach the information rapidly and on time. E-mail, instant messaging, and other social media tools make it possible for companies to hear about a problem immediately.
4. Relevance: Every decision maker needs a different variety of information. However, the problem is to have too much data by information systems. ecision makers must be careful about the questions they ask to get the answers they need.
1. Quality: The information must be accurate and reliable. If not, the solution of the problems will generate new problems.
2. Completeness: The information must be enough to allow the decision maker to make the right decision but not so much as to confuse the issue. Today, having excessive information rather than too little is a significant problem for business managers.
3. Timeliness: Managers can reach the information rapidly and on time. E-mail, instant messaging, and other social media tools make it possible for companies to hear about a problem immediately.
4. Relevance: Every decision maker needs a different variety of information. However, the problem is to have too much data by information systems. ecision makers must be careful about the questions they ask to get the answers they need.
Soru 45
Which of the following is true for "Enterprise resource planning software"?
Seçenekler
A
It combines all of a company’s computerized functions into a single, integrated software program that runs off a single database
B
It allows personal computers to obtain needed information from huge databases in a central computer
C
It is a network of networks, connecting hundreds of thousands of corporate, educational, and research computer networks around the world.
D
It is a companywide network, closed to public access, that uses the infrastructure and standards of the Internet and the Web
E
It is a private network that uses Internet technology and the public
telecommunication system to securely share part of a business’s information
telecommunication system to securely share part of a business’s information
Açıklama:
Business people generally use software for writing, manipulating numbers, filling and retrieving data, presenting information visually, communicating, and accounting. Today, many large and midsized companies have made capital investments in the enterprise systems. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) software, which is a form of integrated software, combines all of a company’s computerized functions into a single, integrated software program that runs off a single database, allowing various departments to easily share information and communicate with each other.
Soru 46
The concept proposed by Adam Smith, in which the production process was broken down into a series of small tasks, was called:
Seçenekler
A
Assembly line.
B
Division of labor.
C
Supply chain.
D
Production management.
E
Flexible manufacturing system.
Açıklama:
Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations (1776) proposed the division of labor in which the production process was broken down into a series of small tasks, each performed by a different worker. The specialization of the workers on limited, repetitive tasks allowed them to become very proficient at those tasks and further encouraged the development of specialized machinery.
Soru 47
The production of goods using less human effort, less manufacturing space, less investment in tools and less engineering time to develop a new product is called:
Seçenekler
A
Just-In-Time (JIT) production.
B
Flexible Manufacturing.
C
Computer Integrated Manufacturing.
D
Lean Production.
E
Mass Customization
Açıklama:
Lean production is the production of goods using less human effort, less manufacturing space, less investment in tools, and less engineering time to develop a new product.
A company can be accepted as making lean production by continuously increasing its capacity to produce high quality goods while decreasing its need for resources. Lean
production is based on the premise that nothing will be produced until it is needed.
A company can be accepted as making lean production by continuously increasing its capacity to produce high quality goods while decreasing its need for resources. Lean
production is based on the premise that nothing will be produced until it is needed.
Soru 48
Financially the most efficient and effective production process is:
Seçenekler
A
Job-shop process.
B
Flow process.
C
Cellular process.
D
Project process.
E
Flexible manufacturing process.
Açıklama:
The flow process is a very common method of production. This type of process is used when the product is built up through many separated stages in a sequence. This production method is financially the most efficient and effective because there is less of a need for skilled workers.
Soru 49
Which of the following is one of the advantages of job-shop process?
Seçenekler
A
Low material handling costs.
B
More efficiency of general purpose equipment.
C
Wide variety of products produced.
D
Low material flow distance.
E
Low production costs.
Açıklama:
Some of the important advantages of the job-shop process: Wide variety of products are produced; operators become more skilled; full potential of operators can be utilized; opportunity exists for creative methods and innovative ideas; and since machines are grouped, therefore supervision task becomes more effective.
Soru 50
In computer integrated manufacturing, manufacturing engineers are required to achieve these objectives to be competitive in a global context, except:
Seçenekler
A
Increase in inventory.
B
Lower the cost of the product.
C
Reduce waste.
D
Improve quality.
E
Increase flexibility in manufacturing.
Açıklama:
Manufacturing engineers are required to achieve objectives to be competitive in a global context:
• Reduction in inventory
• Lower the cost of the product
• Reduce waste
• Improve quality
• Increase flexibility in manufacturing to achieve immediate and rapid response to
product changes, production changes, process changes, equipment changes and
the change of personnel.
• Reduction in inventory
• Lower the cost of the product
• Reduce waste
• Improve quality
• Increase flexibility in manufacturing to achieve immediate and rapid response to
product changes, production changes, process changes, equipment changes and
the change of personnel.
Soru 51
"The oversight of materials, information, and finances as they move in a process from supplier to manufacturer, wholesaler, retailer and consumer" is called:
Seçenekler
A
Total quality management.
B
Master production schedule.
C
Aggregate planning.
D
Materials requirement planning.
E
Supply chain management.
Açıklama:
Supply chain management (SCM) is the oversight of materials, information, and finances as they move in a process from supplier to manufacturer, wholesaler, retailer,
and consumer. Supply chain management coordinates and integrates these flows both within and among companies.
and consumer. Supply chain management coordinates and integrates these flows both within and among companies.
Soru 52
"A private network that uses Internet technology and the public telecommunication system to securely share part of a business’s information or operations with suppliers, vendors, partners, customers, or other businesses" is called:
Seçenekler
A
Intranet.
B
Enterprise resource planning software.
C
Extranet.
D
Internet.
E
Network computing system.
Açıklama:
An extranet is a private network that uses Internet technology and the public telecommunication system to securely share part of a business’s information or operations with suppliers, vendors, partners, customers, or other businesses. An extranet can be viewed as part of a company’s intranet that is extended to users outside the company. Some extranets can not be accessed by the general public.
Soru 53
"To process business transactions, control industrial processes, support enterprise communications and collaborations and update corporate databases in a company" is the function of:
Seçenekler
A
Operation support systems.
B
Management information systems.
C
Decision support systems.
D
Expert systems.
E
Executive information systems.
Açıklama:
Companies use operations support systems to maintain records and otherwise support operations and decisions at a nonstrategic level. Operations support systems produce a variety of information products for internal and external use; however, they do not emphasize the specific information products that can best be used by managers. Further processing by management information systems is usually required. The role of a company’s operations support systems is to process business transactions, control industrial processes, support enterprise communications and collaborations, and update corporate databases
Soru 54
Which of the following is the transformation or conversion of a set of inputs, such as raw materials, labor, knowledge, into one or more outputs such as tables, cars, and banking services?
Seçenekler
A
Production
B
System
C
Flow process
D
feedback
E
Transformation
Açıklama:
Production is the transformation or conversion of a set of inputs, such as raw materials, labor, knowledge, into one or more outputs such as tables, cars, and banking services. The correct answer is A.
Soru 55
Which of the following is one of the tangible products' characteristics?
Seçenekler
A
Unusual
B
Inventoried
C
Often difficult to automate
D
Many aspects of quality are difficult to measure
E
Location of a facility is not important
Açıklama:
Goods can be inventoried. The correct answer is B.
Soru 56
Which of flow process is usually used in process industries such as paper, chemicals, bulk foods, petroleum and water?
Seçenekler
A
Batch flow process
B
Repetitive flow process
C
Continuous flow process
D
Disconnected flow process
E
Discrete flow process
Açıklama:
Continuous flow process is usually used in process industries such as paper, chemicals, bulk foods, petroleum and water. The correct answer is C.
Soru 57
Which of the following is used when a company manufactures several different products that require different types of processing and the processing for different products is performed in different sequences?
Seçenekler
A
Division of labor
B
Project Process
C
Cellular manufacturing
D
Job-Shop Process
E
Continuous flow process
Açıklama:
The job-shop process is used when a company manufactures several different products that require different types of processing and the processing for different products is performed in different sequences. The correct answer is D.
Soru 58
Which of the following is a process that produces families of parts within a single line or cell of machines operated by operators who work only within the line or the cell?
Seçenekler
A
Supply chain management
B
Transformation process
C
Disconnected or batch flow process
D
Job-Shop Process
E
Cellular manufacturing
Açıklama:
Cellular manufacturing is a process that produces families of parts within a single line or cell of machines operated by operators who work only within the line or the cell. The correct answer is E.
Soru 59
Which of the following is used when there is a high level of customisation, low volume and one-of-a kind product like bridges or cargo airplanes?
Seçenekler
A
Project process
B
Supply chain management
C
Flexible manufacturing system
D
Part family
E
Job-Shop Process
Açıklama:
When there is a high level of customisation, low volume and one-of-a kind product like bridges or cargo airplanes, project processes are used. The correct answer is A.
Soru 60
Which of the following emphasizes flexibility and quality?
Seçenekler
A
Flexible Manufacturing System
B
Lean production
C
E-manufacturing
D
Mass Customization
E
Just-In-Time Production System
Açıklama:
Lean production emphasizes flexibility and quality. The correct answer is B.
Soru 61
Which of the following first developed and perfected within the Toyota manufacturing plants by Taiichi Ohno as a means of meeting consumer demands with minimum delays?
Seçenekler
A
E-manufacturing
B
Mass Customization
C
Just-In-Time Production System
D
Computer Integrated Manufacturing
E
Lean Production System
Açıklama:
Just-In-Time Production System first developed and perfected within the Toyota manufacturing plants by Taiichi Ohno as a means of meeting consumer demands with minimum delays. The correct answer is C.
Soru 62
Which of the following means tailoring products to meet the needs of a large number of individual customers?
Seçenekler
A
Lean Production System
B
Just-In-Time Production System
C
Computer Integrated Manufacturing
D
Mass customization
E
E-manufacturing
Açıklama:
Mass customization means tailoring products to meet the needs of a large number of individual customers. The correct answer is D.
Soru 63
Which of the following is the oversight of materials, information, and finances as they move in a process from supplier to manufacturer, wholesaler, retailer, and consumer?
Seçenekler
A
Information system
B
Data warehouse
C
Knowledge technology
D
Business intelligence
E
Supply chain management
Açıklama:
Supply chain management is the oversight of materials, information, and finances as they move in a process from supplier to manufacturer, wholesaler, retailer, and consumer. The correct answer is E.
Soru 64
Which of the following is not one of the sub-functions of the production function during the transformation process in a production system?
Seçenekler
A
Design
B
Scheduling
C
Operation
D
Control
E
Feedback
Açıklama:
During the transformation process, the production function in the company involves four specific sub-functions which are design, scheduling, operation, and transformation control. Feedback mechanisms are required to monitor the performance of the transformation process. It is not one of the sub-functions of the transformation process.
The correct answer is E.
The correct answer is E.
Soru 65
EqruConcept is a business which makes and sells customizable wood products for home decor. They manufacture each product upon demand from the customer according to needs and interests of the customer.
This constitutes an example of ----------------------------------.
This constitutes an example of ----------------------------------.
Seçenekler
A
Cellular process
B
Job-shop process
C
Project process
D
Flow process
E
Production system
Açıklama:
The job-shop process is used when a company manufactures several different products that require different types of processing and the processing for different products is performed in different sequences. Maximum flexibility can be achieved by this process. General purpose machines are suitable in job - shops because they are capable of performing many different types of operations and thus capable of producing a wide variety of products with small lot sizes. Machines which perform similar function grouped together such as lathe machines in one department, milling machines in another department, and so forth. There is a high customisation, high flexibility of equipment, and skilled labor in a job-shop process. A tool and die shop is an example of job-shop, where job process is carried out to produce one-of-a kind tools or customised printed products. Furniture, and custom-made chemicals are other examples of this type of process.
Project process is also related with customization in production. However, this process is generally characterised by a large scope for each project, and need for substantial resources to complete the project.
Thus EqruConcept manufactures goos based on the job-shop process. The correct answer is B.
Project process is also related with customization in production. However, this process is generally characterised by a large scope for each project, and need for substantial resources to complete the project.
Thus EqruConcept manufactures goos based on the job-shop process. The correct answer is B.
Soru 66
In which of the following books, the division of labor, in which the production process was broken down into a series of small tasks, was proposed?
Seçenekler
A
The Intelligent Investor
B
Wealth of Nations
C
Capitalism and Freedom
D
The Money Game
E
An Empire of Wealth
Açıklama:
Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations (1776) proposed the division of labor, in which the production process was broken down into a series of small tasks, each performed by a different worker. The specialization of the workers on limited, repetitive tasks allowed them to become very proficient at those tasks and further encouraged the development of specialized machinery.
The correct answer is B.
The correct answer is B.
Soru 67
The ----------------------------------- was introduced in response to a new demand for more variety and for greater responsiveness to changes in products, production technology, and markets. The objective of this system is to carry out on a single system fabrication of several types of parts that can change over time with small conversion in time, at the required volume and quality, and with the aim of achieving productivity and flexibility at the same time.
Which of the following trends in manufacturing is defined above?
Which of the following trends in manufacturing is defined above?
Seçenekler
A
Just-In-Time Production System
B
Lean production system
C
Flexible manufacturing system
D
Computer integrated manufacturing
E
Mass customization
Açıklama:
The concept of flexible manufacturing system (FMS) was conceived in Britain in the early 1960s, and the first physical FMS was established around 1967 in the United States. The flexible manufacturing system was introduced in response to a new demand for more variety and for greater responsiveness to changes in products, production technology, and markets. The objective of an FMS is to
carry out on a single system fabrication of several types of parts that can change over time with small conversion in time, at the required volume and quality, and with the aim of achieving productivity and flexibility at the same time.
The correct answer is C.
carry out on a single system fabrication of several types of parts that can change over time with small conversion in time, at the required volume and quality, and with the aim of achieving productivity and flexibility at the same time.
The correct answer is C.
Soru 68
A sportswear company uses an online tool to allow its customers to design their own footwear - namely they can apply certain options to base models. Products are produced on a highly automated production line that supports unique designs. this is an example of -------------------------------.
Seçenekler
A
Mass customization
B
E-manufacturing
C
Computer integrated manufacturing
D
Just-in-time production system
E
Lean production system
Açıklama:
Mass customization means tailoring products to meet the needs of a large number of individual customers. Companies prefer to produce standard products in high volumes by low costs. On the other hand, customers want to buy products among a wide variety of products but with lowest possible cost. This situation creates a big problem for the companies and need to be solved. This can be achieved by mass customization, a strategy of producing standardized goods or services, but incorporating some degree of customization in the final product or service.
The correct answer is A.
The correct answer is A.
Soru 69
----------------------------- is concerned with the determination of production, inventory, and work force levels to meet fluctuating demand requirements over a planning horizon that ranges from six months to one year.
Which of the following terms related to production management is defined above?
Which of the following terms related to production management is defined above?
Seçenekler
A
Capacity planning
B
Facility location
C
Inventory management
D
Materials requirement planning
E
Aggregate planning
Açıklama:
Aggregate planning is concerned with the determination of production, inventory, and work force levels to meet fluctuating demand requirements over a planning horizon that ranges from six months to one year.
Aggregate planning begins with a forecast of aggregate demand for the intermediate range. This is followed by a general plan to meet the demand requirements by setting output, employment, and finished goods inventory levels. Aggregate plans are updated periodically, often monthly, to take into account the updated forecasts and other changes.
The correct answer is E.
Aggregate planning begins with a forecast of aggregate demand for the intermediate range. This is followed by a general plan to meet the demand requirements by setting output, employment, and finished goods inventory levels. Aggregate plans are updated periodically, often monthly, to take into account the updated forecasts and other changes.
The correct answer is E.
Soru 70
Which of the following is not one of the activities of business intelligence?
Seçenekler
A
Data mining
B
Online analytical processing
C
Querying
D
Marketing
E
Reporting
Açıklama:
As knowledge technology became more sophisticated in the mid-2000s it became better known as business intelligence (BI). BI refers to a variety of software applications that analyze an organization’s raw data and take out useful insights from it. Business intelligence (BI) activities include data mining, online analytical process, querying and reporting. Marketing is one of the fields where BI is used, but not one of the activities of BI.
The correct answer is D.
The correct answer is D.
Soru 71
Which of the following is a private network that uses Internet technology and the public telecommunication system to securely share part of a business’s information or operations with suppliers, vendors, partners, customers, or other businesses?
Seçenekler
A
Extranet
B
Intranet
C
Enterprise resource planning (ERP) software
D
Public domain software
E
Internet
Açıklama:
An extranet is a private network that uses Internet technology and the public telecommunication system to securely share part of a business’s information or
operations with suppliers, vendors, partners, customers, or other businesses.
The correct answer is A.
operations with suppliers, vendors, partners, customers, or other businesses.
The correct answer is A.
Soru 72
Which of the following systems does a farmer who takes advantage of crop-planning tools to determine the best time to plant, fertilize and reap uses?
Seçenekler
A
Management information system
B
Transaction processing system
C
Decision support system
D
Process control system
E
Database management system
Açıklama:
As part of management information, businesses need decision support systems to support decision making. They focus on problems that are unique and rapidly changing, for which the procedure for arriving at a solution may not be fully predefined in advance. DSS use internal and external information together to answer the questions for decision making.
The correct answer is C.
The correct answer is C.
Soru 73
------------------------------ is a decision support system used to help top managers in decision-making processes in the company. The decision-making process is done by providing easy access to important data needed to achieve strategic goals in an organization.
Which of the following types of support systems is defined above?
Which of the following types of support systems is defined above?
Seçenekler
A
Expert system
B
Executive information system
C
Management support system
D
Transaction processing system
E
Process control system
Açıklama:
An executive information system (EIS) is a decision support system used to help senior executives in decision-making processes in the company. The decision-making process is done by providing easy access to important data needed to achieve strategic goals in an organization.
The correct answer is B.
The correct answer is B.
Ünite 7
Soru 1
Which of the following is called the act of recording and organizing financial transactions in the accounting system in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles?
Seçenekler
A
Transaction.
B
Sales document.
C
Financial statement.
D
Bookkeeping.
E
Managerial accounting.
Açıklama:
Many people confuse bookkeeping and accounting. They think that bookkeeping is accounting. Actually it is not. Bookkeeping is the act of recording and organizing financial transactions in the accounting system in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). It ensures that records of the individual financial transactions are correct, up-to-date, and comprehensive. In modern accounting systems, bookkeeping is processed by computer software.
Soru 2
Which of the following are external users of accounting information?
Seçenekler
A
Company officers.
B
Marketing managers.
C
Production supervisors.
D
Prospective investors.
E
Finance directors.
Açıklama:
Internal users of accounting information are managers who plan, organize, and run a business. They include marketing managers, production supervisors, finance directors, and company officers. External users are individuals and organizations outside a company who need financial information about the company. The two most common types are investors and creditors. Current and prospective investors (owners) use accounting information to make decisions to buy, hold, or sell stock.
Soru 3
Which of the following is true regarding financial accounting?
Seçenekler
A
It provides information in order to aid management in running day-to-day operations and in planning future operations.
B
It must follow GAAP and be certified by external, independent auditors.
C
It is future oriented.
D
It reports to those inside the organization.
E
Emphasizes detailed segment reports about departments, products, and customers.
Açıklama:
Financial accounting focuses on reporting to external parties such as stockholders, investors, governmental agencies, creditors, banks, and suppliers. Financial accounting measures and records business transactions and provides financial statements that are based on generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP).
Soru 4
Which of the following is regulated through Accountancy Profession in Turkey?
Seçenekler
A
Law No. 6102.
B
Law No. 5220
C
Law No. 3568.
D
Law No. 8755
E
Law No. 2588
Açıklama:
All professions have regulations. Accountancy profession in Turkey is regulated through the law No. 3568, “The Law of Independent Accountancy, Certified Public Accountancy, and Sworn-in Certified Public Accountancy”. It was enacted in 1989. The law establishes accounting and auditing as a profession and defines those who are rendering services in these fields as professionals.
Soru 5
Which of the following institution is empowered to award professional licenses that Turkey’s accountants must have to render professional services?
Seçenekler
A
The Union of Chambers of Certified Public Accountants of Turkey.
B
The Public Oversight, Accounting and Auditing Standards Board of Turkey.
C
The Turkish Capital Markets Board.
D
The Banking Regulation and Supervision Agency.
E
The Undersecretariat of Treasury
Açıklama:
The Union of Chambers of Certified Public Accountants of Turkey (TÜRMOB) is the national umbrella organization for the 81 local chambers of CPAs (SMMMs) and Chambers of Sworn-in CPAs (YMMs). The Union is empowered to award professional licenses that Turkey’s accountants must have to render professional services.
Soru 6
Which of the following is called the set of steps that are repeated in the same order every period to keep track of what happened in the business and to report the financial effect of those transactions?
Seçenekler
A
Income statement.
B
Transaction analysis.
C
Accounting system.
D
Accounting equation.
E
Accounting cycle.
Açıklama:
The accounting cycle is a set of steps that are repeated in the same order every period to keep track of what happened in the business and to report the financial effect of those transactions. The accounting cycle is the financial process starting with obtaining data from business transactions and leading up to preparation of financial statements. This cycle starts when a business transaction occurs. It will end when the transaction has been included in the financial statements or reports of the company.
Soru 7
Which of the following formulas represents the accounting equation?
Seçenekler
A
liabilities = assets + owners’ equity
B
assets = liabilities + owners’ equity
C
owners’ equity = assets / liabilities.
D
owners’ equity = assets + liabilities.
E
liabilities = owner's equity / assets.
Açıklama:
The accounting equation is the formula used to capture the company’s financial position at any point in time. The accounting equation shows how assets, liabilities, and owners’ equity are related to each other: assets = liabilities + owners’ equity.
Soru 8
Which of the following is called the book holding all the accounts with their balances?
Seçenekler
A
Journal
B
Posting
C
Entry
D
Financial statement
E
Ledger
Açıklama:
A journal is the chronological record of transactions A ledger is the book holding all the accounts with their balances. Posting is the process of copying from the journal to the ledger
Soru 9
If the person X decides to open a company as a proprietorship and invests $10,000 in cash, which of the following would be the result on the business's accounting equation?
Seçenekler
A
A 10.000 dollar increase in assets and a 10.000 dollar increase in owner’s equity.
B
A 10.000 dollar decrease in assets and a 10.000 dollar increase in owner’s equity.
C
A 10.000 dollar increase in liabilities and a 10.000 dollar increase in owner’s equity.
D
A 10.000 dollar decrease in liabilities and a 10.000 dollar decrease in owner’s equity.
E
A 10.000 dollar increase in assets and a 10.000 dollar decrease in owner’s equity.
Açıklama:
This transaction increases both the assets (in this case, cash) and the owner’s equity (capital) of the business by 10.000 dollars.
Soru 10
Which of the following gives definition of net working capital (NWC)?
Seçenekler
A
It measures the ability of the firm to pay its current liabilities.
B
It is a firm’s ability to meet short term obligations with its most liquid assets.
C
It is the excess of the current assets of a business over its current liabilities.
D
It measures the average number of days it takes for the company to collect revenue from its credit sales.
E
It measures the percentage of total financing provided by creditors.
Açıklama:
The excess of the current assets of a business over its current liabilities is called net working capital (NWC). The net working capital is often used in evaluating a company’s ability to meet currently maturing debts. Net working capital is the difference between current assets and current liabilities.
Soru 11
Which one of the following is among the outputs of an accounting system process?
Seçenekler
A
Sales documents
B
Balance sheet
C
Purchasing documents
D
Payroll records
E
Bank records
Açıklama:
Outputs of accounting system;
• Balance sheet
• Income statement
• Cash flows statement
• Other reports
• Balance sheet
• Income statement
• Cash flows statement
• Other reports
Soru 12
I. Journalizing
II. Posting
III. Purchasing
Which of the statements above are part of the processsing of an accounting system?
II. Posting
III. Purchasing
Which of the statements above are part of the processsing of an accounting system?
Seçenekler
A
Only I
B
Only II
C
Only III
D
I-II
E
I-III
Açıklama:
Processing;
• Journalizing
• Posting
• All accounts are summarized
• Journalizing
• Posting
• All accounts are summarized
Soru 13
Which one of the following terms refers to the recording of a firm’s financial transactions that usually involves only the recording of budgetary events?
Seçenekler
A
Financial statements
B
Accounting system
C
Accounting
D
Journalizing
E
Bookkeeping
Açıklama:
Bookkeeping is the recording of a firm’s financial transactions which usually involves only the recording of budgetary events.
Soru 14
Which one of the following is not among the internal users of accounting information?
Seçenekler
A
Creditors
B
Marketing managers
C
Production supervisors
D
Finance directors
E
Company officers
Açıklama:
Internal users of accounting information are managers who plan, organize, and run a business. They include marketing managers, production supervisors, finance directors, and company officers.
Soru 15
Which one of the following types of accounting measures and records business transactions and provides financial statements that are based on generally accepted accounting principles?
Seçenekler
A
managerial accounting
B
cost accounting
C
financial accounting
D
tax accounting
E
not-for profit accounting
Açıklama:
Financial accounting measures and records business transactions and provides financial statements that are based on generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP)
Soru 16
Which one of the following is not among the issues of managerial accounting taht help managers make decisions to fulfill an organization’s goals?
Seçenekler
A
Planning
B
Advertising
C
Directing and motivating
D
Controlling
E
Performance evaluation
Açıklama:
Help managers make decisions to fulfill an organization’s goals. Reports to those inside the organization for:
• Planning
• Directing and motivating
• Controlling
• Performance evaluation
• Planning
• Directing and motivating
• Controlling
• Performance evaluation
Soru 17
Which one of the following term refers to the set of steps that are repeated in the same order every period to keep track of what happened in the business and to report the financial effect of those transactions?
Seçenekler
A
accounting system
B
accounting cycle
C
accounting equation
D
auditing
E
assests
Açıklama:
The accounting cycle is a set of steps that are repeated in the same order every period to keep track of what happened in the business and to report the financial effect of those transactions.
Soru 18
I. Enter the transaction information in a journal
II. Transfer the journal information to the appropriate accounts in the ledger
III. Analyze each transaction for its effects on the accounts
Which one of the following presents the correct order of the basic steps in the recording process listed above?
II. Transfer the journal information to the appropriate accounts in the ledger
III. Analyze each transaction for its effects on the accounts
Which one of the following presents the correct order of the basic steps in the recording process listed above?
Seçenekler
A
II-I-III
B
I-III-II
C
III-II-I
D
III-I-II
E
I-II-III
Açıklama:
In practically every business, there are three basic steps in the recording process:
1. Analyze each transaction for its effects on the accounts,
2. Enter the transaction information in a journal,
3. Transfer the journal information to the appropriate accounts in the ledger
1. Analyze each transaction for its effects on the accounts,
2. Enter the transaction information in a journal,
3. Transfer the journal information to the appropriate accounts in the ledger
Soru 19
Which one of the following is the book holding all the accounts with their balances?
Seçenekler
A
journal
B
ledger
C
posting
D
balance sheet
E
cash flows statement
Açıklama:
A ledger is the book holding all the accounts with their balances.
Soru 20
Which one of the following shows the amount of sales, all the costs incurred in making those sales and all the overhead costs incurred in running the operations of the company?
Seçenekler
A
income statement
B
revenues
C
expenses
D
cost of sales
E
gross profit
Açıklama:
The income statement shows the amount of sales, all the costs incurred in making those sales and all the overhead costs incurred in running the operations of the company so it would be able to deliver on its promises to customers
Soru 21
Which of the following is the information system that provides reports to decision makers about the economic activities and condition of a business?
Seçenekler
A
Accounting
B
Bookkeeping
C
Planning
D
Audit
E
Ledger
Açıklama:
Accounting is an information system that provides reports to decision makers about the economic activities and condition of a business.
Soru 22
Which one of the following is one of the outputs of the Accounting System Process?
Seçenekler
A
Balance sheet
B
Payroll records
C
Purchasing documents
D
Posting
E
Journalizing
Açıklama:
Accounting system process:
Inputs accounting system:
• Sales documents • Purchasing documents
• Payroll records • Bank records • Others
Processing:
• Journalizing • Balance sheet • Income statement • Cash flows statement
• Other reports • Posting • All accounts are summarized
Outputs:
• Balance sheet • Income statement • Cash flows statement
• Other reports
Inputs accounting system:
• Sales documents • Purchasing documents
• Payroll records • Bank records • Others
Processing:
• Journalizing • Balance sheet • Income statement • Cash flows statement
• Other reports • Posting • All accounts are summarized
Outputs:
• Balance sheet • Income statement • Cash flows statement
• Other reports
Soru 23
Which of the following wants to know whether the owners have the ability to pay increased wages and benefits in accounting?
Seçenekler
A
Creditor
B
Internal user
C
Labor union
D
Client
E
Regulatory agency
Açıklama:
Labor unions want to know whether the owners have the ability to pay increased wages and benefits.
Soru 24
I.Planning
II. Decision making
III. Control
Which one/s of the above is/are the main purpose/s of managerial accounting information?
II. Decision making
III. Control
Which one/s of the above is/are the main purpose/s of managerial accounting information?
Seçenekler
A
Only III
B
I, III
C
I, II
D
II, III
E
I, II, III
Açıklama:
We can summarize the main purposes of managerial accounting information that is used within a business as follows:
- Planning: An example of planning is budgeting. Budgeting is the process of forecasting future financial needs. This process is based on the funds that the com- pany expects to collect as a result of sales and how much will be paid to purchase materials, for salaries, and wages etc.
- Decision Making: Managerial account- ing information will be helpful to evaluate various alternatives available. For example, management may be considering whether to purchase or lease an equipment.
- Control: Management also uses account- ing information to determine whether the business is operating according to its plans and identifies the differences.
Soru 25
Which one of the following is the examination of a company’s financial records?
Seçenekler
A
Ledger
B
Transaction
C
Liability
D
Audit
E
Asset
Açıklama:
An audit is an examination of a company’s financial records.
Soru 26
Which one of the following is not one of the items of accounting cycle?
Seçenekler
A
Transactions
B
Posting
C
Adjusted Trial Balance
D
Owners’ Equity
E
Journal Entries
Açıklama:
The transaction is recorded chronologically in the journal. All the transactions are recorded through journal entries. The third step is to post each journal
entry to the appropriate ledger accounts. The journalized transactions are posted to the account that it impacts. The accounting cycle requires summarizing of the entries pertaining to a particular period in a trial balance. A trial balance is essentially a list of all accounts and provides an overview of the various types of financial transactions entered into by any organization during a period. After preparation of trial balance, the next step is recording the adjustments like adjusting prepaid/outstanding expenses, recording advance/accrued income, etc. The purpose of adjusting entries is to match incomes with expense during the accounting period. One of the most important steps of the accounting process involve preparing the financial statements. Final step of the accounting process involves closing the books for the revenue and expense accounts which leads to begin again the entire cycle with zero balances.
entry to the appropriate ledger accounts. The journalized transactions are posted to the account that it impacts. The accounting cycle requires summarizing of the entries pertaining to a particular period in a trial balance. A trial balance is essentially a list of all accounts and provides an overview of the various types of financial transactions entered into by any organization during a period. After preparation of trial balance, the next step is recording the adjustments like adjusting prepaid/outstanding expenses, recording advance/accrued income, etc. The purpose of adjusting entries is to match incomes with expense during the accounting period. One of the most important steps of the accounting process involve preparing the financial statements. Final step of the accounting process involves closing the books for the revenue and expense accounts which leads to begin again the entire cycle with zero balances.
Soru 27
Which of the following is the event that affects the financial position of the enterprise and requires recording?
Seçenekler
A
Asset
B
Liability
C
Transaction
D
Liquidity
E
Revenue
Açıklama:
A transaction is an event that affects the financial position of the enterprise and requires recording.
Soru 28
Which ones are the items of the operating cycle?
I. Cash II. Inventory III. Journalizing
IV. Accounts Receivable V. Retained earnings
I. Cash II. Inventory III. Journalizing
IV. Accounts Receivable V. Retained earnings
Seçenekler
A
I, II, III
B
I, II, IV
C
I, III, V
D
III, IV, V
E
II, III, V
Açıklama:
Operating cycle consists of : I. Cash II. Inventory IV. Accounts Receivable
Soru 29
Which of the following is the profit that the owners do not take out of the business but instead save for use by the business?
Seçenekler
A
Retained earning
B
Expense
C
Revenue
D
Income statement
E
Contributed capital
Açıklama:
Retained earnings are the profits that the owners do not take out of the business but instead save for use by the business.
Soru 30
Which of the following is the firm’s ability to meet short-term obligations?
Seçenekler
A
Asset turnover
B
Efficiency
C
Quick ratio
D
Current ratio
E
Liquidity
Açıklama:
Liquidity is a firm’s ability to meet short- term obligations. The greater the level of current assets available relative to current liabilities, the greater the firm’s liquidity.
Soru 31
Which is not true for bookkeeping?
Seçenekler
A
Bookkeeping and accounting are the same processes.
B
It is the act of recording and organizing financial transactions in the accounting system.
C
It ensures that records of the individual financial transactions are correct, up-to-date, and comprehensive.
D
It is the recording of a firm’s financial transactions which usually involves only the recording of budgetary events.
E
It is in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP).
Açıklama:
Bookkeeping is the act of recording and organizing financial transactions in the accounting system in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). It ensures that records of the individual financial transactions are correct, up-to-date, and comprehensive. In modern accounting systems, bookkeeping is processed by computer software.
-Bookkeeping and accounting are not the same processes.
-Bookkeeping is the recording of a firm’s financial transactions which usually involves only the recording of budgetary events.
-Bookkeeping and accounting are not the same processes.
-Bookkeeping is the recording of a firm’s financial transactions which usually involves only the recording of budgetary events.
Soru 32
Which is not true for accountancy profession in Turkey?
Seçenekler
A
It is regulated through the law No. 3568, “The Law of Independent Accountancy, Certified Public Accountancy, and Sworn-in Certified Public Accountancy”.
B
It was enacted in 1989.
C
It recognizes two qualifications of accounting and auditing professionals granted by the Union of Chambers of Certified Public Accountants (TÜRMOB).
D
Only accountants awarded a license by TÜRMOB are entitled to render professional services.
E
CPA, Serbest Muhasebeci Mali Müşavirler-SMMM can perform tax audits and provide consulting services.
Açıklama:
Accountancy profession in Turkey is regulated through the law No. 3568, “The Law of Independent Accountancy, Certified Public Accountancy, and Sworn-in Certified Public Accountancy”. It was enacted in 1989.
-The Law defines accounting and auditing as a profession and recognizes two qualifications of accounting and auditing professionals granted by the Union of Chambers of Certified Public Accountants (TÜRMOB): Certified Public Accountant (CPA, Serbest Muhasebeci Mali Müşavirler-SMMM) and Swornin Certified Public Accountant (Sworn-in CPAs, Yeminli Mali Müşavirler-YMM). Only accountants who have been awarded a license by TÜRMOB are entitled to render professional services.
-In distinguishing between the two titles, SMMMs may keep books, prepare financial statements, and conduct general audits, but cannot perform tax audits nor provide consulting services.
-The Law defines accounting and auditing as a profession and recognizes two qualifications of accounting and auditing professionals granted by the Union of Chambers of Certified Public Accountants (TÜRMOB): Certified Public Accountant (CPA, Serbest Muhasebeci Mali Müşavirler-SMMM) and Swornin Certified Public Accountant (Sworn-in CPAs, Yeminli Mali Müşavirler-YMM). Only accountants who have been awarded a license by TÜRMOB are entitled to render professional services.
-In distinguishing between the two titles, SMMMs may keep books, prepare financial statements, and conduct general audits, but cannot perform tax audits nor provide consulting services.
Soru 33
............ is an examination of a company’s financial records. Please complete the sentence with the appropriate term.
Seçenekler
A
An audit
B
An accounting system
C
The accounting cycle
D
The trial balance
E
The accounting equation
Açıklama:
An audit is an examination of a company’s financial records. The independent accountants then issue an opinion that states whether or not the financial statements give a fair picture of the company’s financial situation.
Soru 34
Which is true for the accounting equation? I. Assets must equal the sum of liabilities and owner’s equity. II. The accounting equation is the formula used to capture the company’s financial position at any point in time. III. Liabilities appear after owners’ equity in the basic accounting equation.
Seçenekler
A
Only II
B
Only III
C
I and II
D
II and III
E
I, II and III
Açıklama:
The accounting equation is the formula used to capture the company’s financial position at any point in time. The accounting equation shows how assets, liabilities, and owners’ equity are related to each other.Assets must equal the sum of liabilities and owner’s equity. Liabilities appear before owners’ equity in the basic accounting equation because they are paid first if a business is liquidated.
Soru 35
............ is an event that affects the financial position of the enterprise and requires recording. Which term is defined above?
Seçenekler
A
Asset
B
The accounting equation
C
A transaction
D
An account
E
The T-account
Açıklama:
A transaction is an event that affects the financial position of the enterprise and requires recording.
Soru 36
Which term and its definition is not true?
Seçenekler
A
Current liabilities are all debts of the company that are expected to be paid within the next 12 months.
B
Non-current liabilities are obligations that a company expects to pay after one year.
C
Non-current assets include long-term investments, property, plant and equipment (fixed assets).
D
Contributed capital is a financial statement that reports a business’s assets, liabilities, and equity on a specific date.
E
Retained earnings are the profits that the owners do not take out of the business but instead save for use by the business.
Açıklama:
Contributed capital is the amount that the owners have invested in the company.
A balance sheet or statement of financial position is a financial statement that reports a business’s assets, liabilities, and equity on a specific date.
A balance sheet or statement of financial position is a financial statement that reports a business’s assets, liabilities, and equity on a specific date.
Soru 37
Which is an example of non-current assets?
Seçenekler
A
inventories
B
cash and cash equivalents
C
prepaid expenses
D
intangible assets
E
assets held for sale
Açıklama:
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents
Trade receivables
-Due from related parties
-Trade receivables, third parties
Derivative instruments
Inventories
Prepaid expenses
Current income tax assets
Other current assets
Assets held for sale
Non-current assets:
Financial investments
Trade receivables
Derivate instruments
Associates
Investment properties
Property, plant and equipment
Intangible assets
-Goodwill
-Other intangible assets
Deferred tax assets
Cash and cash equivalents
Trade receivables
-Due from related parties
-Trade receivables, third parties
Derivative instruments
Inventories
Prepaid expenses
Current income tax assets
Other current assets
Assets held for sale
Non-current assets:
Financial investments
Trade receivables
Derivate instruments
Associates
Investment properties
Property, plant and equipment
Intangible assets
-Goodwill
-Other intangible assets
Deferred tax assets
Soru 38
............ measure how efficiently a firm manages its assets. Which term is defined above?
Seçenekler
A
The accounts receivable turnover ratios
B
Activity ratios
C
The total assets turnover ratios
D
Inventory turnover ratios
E
Solvency ratios
Açıklama:
Efficiency ratios (Activity ratios) measure how efficiently a firm manages its assets. Efficiency ratios use turnover measures to show how efficiently
a company operates and uses its assets.
a company operates and uses its assets.
Soru 39
A measure of the amount of long-term financing provided by debt relative toequity is called the ................ Please complete the sentence with the appropriate term.
Seçenekler
A
debt-to-equity ratio
B
profitability ratio
C
gross profit margin
D
operating profit margin
E
return on assets ratio
Açıklama:
A measure of the amount of long-term financing provided by debt relative to equity is called the debt-to-equity ratio.
Soru 40
Which information is true for operating profit? I. It is also known as earnings before interest and tax. II. It is a part of a company’s income statement. III. It is any income directly related to the operations of the business.
Seçenekler
A
Only II
B
Only III
C
I and II
D
I and III
E
I, II and III
Açıklama:
Operating profit also known as earnings before interest and tax (EBIT) is a part of a company’s income statement. The operating profit margin is an important indicator of the company’s earning power from its current operations. Operating profit is any income directly related to the operations of the business. The operating profit margin (OPM) is a measure of overall operating efficiency and incorporates all of the expenses associated with ordinary business activities.
Soru 41
Which of the followings is the recording of a firm’s financial transactions which usually involves only the recording of budgetary events.
Seçenekler
A
Bookkeeping
B
Financial statement
C
Accounting
D
Accounting system
E
Financial accounting
Açıklama:
Definition of Bookkeeping
Bookkeeping is the recording of a firm’s financial transactions which usually involves only the recording of budgetary events.
Bookkeeping is the recording of a firm’s financial transactions which usually involves only the recording of budgetary events.
Soru 42
Which of the followings is one of the outputs of the accounting system process?
Seçenekler
A
Sales documents
B
Payroll records
C
Cash flows statement
D
Journalizing
E
Bank records
Açıklama:
ACCOUNTING - TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
Cash flows statement is one of the outputs of the accounting system process
Cash flows statement is one of the outputs of the accounting system process
Soru 43
Which of the followings is one of the inputs accounting documents of the accounting system process?
Seçenekler
A
Sales documents
B
Balance sheet
C
Income statement
D
Cash flows statement
E
Posting
Açıklama:
ACCOUNTING - TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
Sales documents are one of the inputs accounting documents of the accounting system process
Sales documents are one of the inputs accounting documents of the accounting system process
Soru 44
Which of the following users use accounting information to make decisions to buy, hold, or sell stock
Seçenekler
A
Internal users
B
Customers or clients
C
Current and prospective investors
D
Creditors
E
Taxing authorities
Açıklama:
External Users
Current and prospective investors (owners) use accounting information to make decisions to buy, hold, or sell stock.
Current and prospective investors (owners) use accounting information to make decisions to buy, hold, or sell stock.
Soru 45
Which of the following users wants to know whether the owners have the ability to pay increased wages and benefits
Seçenekler
A
Regulatory agencies
B
Labor unions
C
Customers
D
Taxing authorities
E
Creditors
Açıklama:
External Users
Labor unions want to know whether the owners have the ability to pay increased wages and benefits.
Labor unions want to know whether the owners have the ability to pay increased wages and benefits.
Soru 46
Which of the followings is the primary user of "Managerial Accounting"?
Seçenekler
A
Owners
B
Investors
C
Banks
D
Regulators
E
Managers
Açıklama:
Managers are the primary users of "Managerial Accounting"
Soru 47
Which of the followings is a list of all accounts and provides an overview of the various types of financial transactions entered into by any organization during a period in the accounting cycle?
Seçenekler
A
Journal
B
Ledger account
C
Trial balance
D
Adjustment recording
E
Posting
Açıklama:
The accounting cycle requires summarizing of the entries pertaining to a particular period in a trial balance. A trial balance is essentially a list of all accounts and provides an overview of the various types of financial transactions entered into by any organization during a period.
Soru 48
Which of the followings is the formula used to capture the company’s financial position at any point in time?
Seçenekler
A
Accounting equation
B
Assets
C
Transaction
D
Liabilities
E
Double-entry system
Açıklama:
The accounting equation is the formula used to capture the company’s financial position at any point in time.
Soru 49
Which of the followings is the time between buying and/or creating a product or service and receiving the cash on its sale of a business?
Seçenekler
A
Operating cycle
B
Balance sheet
C
Ledger
D
Journal
E
Posting
Açıklama:
Balance sheet classification
The operating cycle of a business is the time between buying and/or creating a product or service and receiving the cash on its sale.
The operating cycle of a business is the time between buying and/or creating a product or service and receiving the cash on its sale.
Soru 50
Which of the followings is the difference between net sales and the cost of goods sold?
Seçenekler
A
Sales and marketing expenses
B
General and administrative expenses
C
Operating income
D
Gross profit
E
Operating expenses
Açıklama:
Income Statement
Gross profit is the difference between net sales and the cost of goods sold
Gross profit is the difference between net sales and the cost of goods sold
Soru 51
What are the three basic activities of accounting?
Seçenekler
A
Identifying, recording and communicating
B
Identifying, specifying and solving
C
Identifying, measuring and communicating
D
Measuring, recording and communicating
E
Measuring, recording and solving
Açıklama:
Accounting consists of three basic activitieS; it identifies, records and communicates the economic events of an organization to interested users. The correct answer is A.
Soru 52
Which of the following is NOT among the external users of accounting information?
Seçenekler
A
Investors
B
Production supervisors
C
Creditors
D
Customers
E
Labor unions
Açıklama:
External users of accounting are:
- Current and prospective investors
- Creditors
- Taxing authorities
- Customers or clients
- Labor unions
- Regulatory agencies
Soru 53
- Regulatory agencies
- Marketing managers
- Finance directors
Seçenekler
A
Only II
B
I & II
C
I & III
D
II & III
E
I, II & III
Açıklama:
Internal users of accounting include marketing managers, production supervisors, finance directors, and company officers. The correct answer is D.
Soru 54
What are the three main purposes of managerial accounting information?
Seçenekler
A
Planning, motivating and analyzing
B
Determining, evaluating and operating
C
Planning, decision making and controlling
D
Determining, evaluating and changing
E
Planning, decision making and summarizing
Açıklama:
The main purposes of managerial accounting information are:
- Planning
- Decision making
- Control
Soru 55
Which area of accounting measures and records business transactions and provides financial statements that are based on generally accepted accounting principles?
Seçenekler
A
Social accounting
B
Cost accounting
C
International accounting
D
Managerial accounting
E
Financial accounting
Açıklama:
Financial accounting measures and records business transactions and provides financial statements that are based on generally accepted accounting principles. The correct answer is E.
Soru 56
What is the final step of the accounting process?
Seçenekler
A
Posting journal entries
B
Preparing financial statements
C
Recording adjustments
D
Closing the books
E
Identifying and analyzing business transactions
Açıklama:
Final step of the accounting process is closing the books. The correct answer is D.
Soru 57
What is 'the book holding all the accounts with their balances' called?
Seçenekler
A
Balance sheet
B
Entry
C
Posting
D
Journal
E
Ledger
Açıklama:
A ledger is the book holding all the accounts with their balances. The correct answer is E.
Soru 58
Which of the following measures the overall profitability of assets in terms of the income earned on each dollar invested in assets?
Seçenekler
A
Operating profit margin
B
Net profit margin
C
The return on assets ratio
D
Return on equity
E
Debt-to-equity ratio
Açıklama:
The return on assets ratio measures the overall profitability of assets in terms of the income earned on each dollar invested in assets. The correct answer is C.
Soru 59
Which of the given is the chronological record of transactions?
Seçenekler
A
Journal
B
Ledger
C
Posting
D
Statement
E
Balance sheet
Açıklama:
A journal is the chronological record of transactions. The correct answer is A.
Soru 60
Which of the following measures the overall profitability of assets?
Seçenekler
A
Return on assets ratio
B
Operating profit margin
C
Net profit margin
D
Debt-to-equity ratio
E
Return on equity
Açıklama:
The return on assets ratio measures the overall profitability of assets in terms of the income earned on each dollar invested in assets. The correct answer is A.
Soru 61
Which of the following is an example of the outcomes in the accounting system process?
Seçenekler
A
Sales documents
B
Purchasing documents
C
Payroll records
D
Bank records
E
Income statement
Açıklama:
In the accounting system process examples for inputs Accounting Documents are sales documents, purchasing documents, payroll records, and bank records. Income statement is an example for the outputs. The correct answer is Choice E.
Soru 62
Which of the terms below is used for accounting?
Seçenekler
A
The language of business
B
The target of business
C
The way of business
D
The strategy of business
E
The road of business
Açıklama:
Accounting is famously known as the “the language of business”. is is because accounting is the means by which business information is communicated to all information users. e better our understanding of the language, the better we can understand what is happening with our finances, our businesses, or our investments. The correct answer is Choice A.
Soru 63
- It is accounting.
- It usually involves only the recording of budgetary events.
- It is the method used to record and summarise the accounting data into report.
Which of the statements above is/are true about bookkeeping?
Seçenekler
A
I
B
II
C
III
D
I-II
E
II-III
Açıklama:
Many people confuse bookkeeping and accounting. They think that bookkeeping is accounting. Actually it is not. Bookkeeping is the act of recording and organising financial transactions in the accounting system in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). Bookkeeping usually involves only the recording of budgetary events. The correct answer is Choice B.
Soru 64
Which of the following is an example for the external users of accounting information?
Seçenekler
A
Marketing managers
B
Production supervisors
C
Finance directors
D
Investors
E
Company officers
Açıklama:
Internal users of accounting information are managers who plan, organise, and run a business. They include marketing managers, production supervisors, finance directors, and company officers. External users are individuals and organisations outside a company who needs financial information about the company. There are several types of external users of accounting information. e two most common types are investors and creditors. The correct answer is Choice D.
Soru 65
Which of the following may be the reason for labor unions to use accounting information?
Seçenekler
A
Making decisions to buy, hold, or sell stock.
B
Evaluating the risks of selling on credit or lending money.
C
Knowing whether the company complies with the tax laws.
D
Knowing whether the company is operating within prescribed rules.
E
Knowing whether the owners have the ability to pay increased wages and benefits.
Açıklama:
External users are individuals and organisations outside a company who needs financial information about the company. ere are several types of external users of accounting information. e two most common types are investors and creditors. e information needs and questions of external users are quite different. Current and prospective investors (owners) use accounting information to make decisions to buy, hold, or sell stock. Creditors such as suppliers and banks use accounting information to evaluate the risks of selling on credit or lending money.11 Taxing authorities want to know whether the company complies with the tax laws. Customers or clients are interested in whether a company will continue to honor product warranties. Labor unions want to know whether the owners have the ability to pay increased wages and benefits. Regulatory agencies, such as the Securities and Exchange Commission or the Federal Trade Commission, want to know whether the company is operating within prescribed rules. The correct answer is Choice E.
Soru 66
- Financial accounting and managerial accounting have the same goals.
- Financial accounting is concerned with providing information to internal decision makers, such as company managers.
- Managerial accounting uses both financial accounting and estimated data to aid management in running day-to-day operations and in planning future operations.
Which of the statements above is/are true about financial and managerial accounting?
Seçenekler
A
I
B
II
C
III
D
I-II
E
I-III
Açıklama:
Financial accounting and managerial accounting have different goals. Financial accounting focuses on reporting to external parties such as stockholders, investors, governmental agencies, creditors, banks, and suppliers. Financial accounting measures and records business transactions and provides financial statements that are based on generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). Managerial accounting is concerned with providing information to internal decision makers, such as company managers. Managerial accounting uses both financial accounting and estimated data to aid management in running day-to-day operations and in planning future operations. The correct answer is Choice C.
Soru 67
Which of the following is true about managerial accounting?
Seçenekler
A
It emphasizes financial consequences of past activities.
B
It emphasizes precision.
C
It must follow GAAP and be certified by external, independent auditors.
D
It emphasizes detailed segment reports about departments, products, and customers.
E
It emphasizes objectivity and verifiability.
Açıklama:
In financial accounting the focus and emphasis are on the past; thus, it is past-oriented. It emphasizes financial consequences of past activities. However, managerial accounting is future-oriented. It emphasizes decisions affecting the future. Financial accounting emphasizes precision and managerial accounting the timelines. Financial accounting must follow GAAP and be certified by external, independent auditors. Managerial accounting, on the other hand, does not need to follow GAAP but are based on cost-benefit analysis. Financial accounting emphasizes summary data concerning the entire organization. Managerial accounting emphasizes detailed segment reports about departments, products, and customers. Fianacial accounting emphasizes objectivity and verifiability. Managerial accounting emphasizes relevance. The correct answer is Choice D.
Soru 68
Which of the following sets financial reporting requirements for entities under its purview?
Seçenekler
A
The Union of Chambers of Certified Public Accountants
B
Certified Public Accountant
C
Sworn-in Certified Public Accountant
D
The Under Secretariat of Treasury
E
The Banking Regulation and Supervision Agency
Açıklama:
The Union of Chambers of Certified Public Accountants of Turkey (TÜRMOB) is the national umbrella organization for the 81 local chambers of CPAs (SMMMs) and Chambers of Sworn-in CPAs (YMMs). e Union is empowered to award professional licenses that Turkey’s accountants must have to render professional services. The Law defines accounting and auditing as a profession and recognizes two qualifications of accounting and auditing professionals granted by the Union of Chambers of Certified Public Accountants (TÜRMOB): Certified Public Accountant (CPA, Serbest Muhasebeci Mali Müşavirler-SMMM) and Sworn- in Certified Public Accountant (Sworn-in CPAs, Yeminli Mali Müşavirler-YMM). The Banking Regulation and Supervision Agency sets financial reporting requirements for entities under its purview, while the Under Secretariat of Treasury supervises insurance, reinsurance companies as well as pension funds. The correct answer is Choice E.
Soru 69
Which of the following is used for the process of the examination of a company’s financial records?
Seçenekler
A
Inspection
B
Audit
C
Examination
D
Survey
E
Report
Açıklama:
Companies want to be profitable and financially strong to attract investors, so there is a conflict of interest here. To provide reliable information, financial statements of companies must be audited by independent accountants. An audit is an examination of a company’s financial records. The correct answer is Choice B.
Soru 70
Which of the following is the first step of accounting cycle?
Seçenekler
A
Transactions
B
Financial Statements
C
Trial Balance
D
Adjusted Trial Balance
E
Journal Entries
Açıklama:
The accounting process starts with identifying and analyzing business transactions
andevents. Transactions can include the sale of a product or the purchase of supplies, equipment, land, etc for business activities that impact the financial position of company. e transaction is recorded chronologically in the journal. All
the transactions are recorded through journal entries. e third step is to post each journal entry to the appropriate ledger accounts. The journalized transactions are posted to the account that it impacts. e accounting cycle requires summarizing of the entries pertaining to a particular period in a trial balance. A trial balance is essentially a list of all accounts and provides an overview of the various types of financial transactions entered into by any organization during a period. After preparation of trial balance, the next step is recording the adjustments like adjusting prepaid/outstanding expenses, recording advance/accrued income, etc. e purpose of adjusting entries is to match incomes with expense during the accounting period. One of the most important steps of the accounting process involve preparing the financial statements. Final step of the accounting process involves closing the books for the revenue and expense accounts which leads to begin again the entire cycle with zero balances. The correct answer is Choice A.
andevents. Transactions can include the sale of a product or the purchase of supplies, equipment, land, etc for business activities that impact the financial position of company. e transaction is recorded chronologically in the journal. All
the transactions are recorded through journal entries. e third step is to post each journal entry to the appropriate ledger accounts. The journalized transactions are posted to the account that it impacts. e accounting cycle requires summarizing of the entries pertaining to a particular period in a trial balance. A trial balance is essentially a list of all accounts and provides an overview of the various types of financial transactions entered into by any organization during a period. After preparation of trial balance, the next step is recording the adjustments like adjusting prepaid/outstanding expenses, recording advance/accrued income, etc. e purpose of adjusting entries is to match incomes with expense during the accounting period. One of the most important steps of the accounting process involve preparing the financial statements. Final step of the accounting process involves closing the books for the revenue and expense accounts which leads to begin again the entire cycle with zero balances. The correct answer is Choice A.
Ünite 8
Soru 1
Decisions about how much profit to distribute as well as how to finance the resources of the company are part of:
Seçenekler
A
Operating decisions.
B
Financing decisions.
C
Investment decisions.
D
Management decisions.
E
Assets decisions.
Açıklama:
Financing decisions involve decisions about how much profit to distribute as well as how to finance the resources of the company. As businesses invest in assets to carry on their operations, they must make decisions regarding how to finance these resources.
Soru 2
Markets where short-term securities like commercial paper and treasury bills are traded are called:
Seçenekler
A
Capital markets.
B
Primary markets.
C
Secondary markets.
D
Money markets.
E
Operating markets.
Açıklama:
Financial markets can be classified as:
• Money markets: Markets where short-term securities like commercial paper and treasury bills are traded.
• Capital markets: Markets where long-term securities like bonds and stocks are traded.
They can also be classified as:
• Primary markets: Markets in which securities are offered for the first time.
• Secondary markets: Markets in which currently outstanding securities are traded.
• Money markets: Markets where short-term securities like commercial paper and treasury bills are traded.
• Capital markets: Markets where long-term securities like bonds and stocks are traded.
They can also be classified as:
• Primary markets: Markets in which securities are offered for the first time.
• Secondary markets: Markets in which currently outstanding securities are traded.
Soru 3
According to self-liquidating principle:
Seçenekler
A
Temporary investments are financed with temporary sources while permanent asset investments are financed with permanent sources.
B
Prices of financial assets are formed in the market by the interaction of demand and supply for these securities.
C
Decisions on the mix of debt financing and equity financing are made based on the type of the industry in which the company operates and general economic conditions as well.
D
The preferred stockholders are given the right to purchase new shares of stock proportionate with their existing share of ownership.
E
Companies can create value if they can achieve economic returns above the cost of capital on their existing and new investments.
Açıklama:
Companies usually utilize the self-liquidating principle to maintain a proper level of working capital. According to this principle, temporary investments are financed with temporary sources while permanent asset investments are financed with permanent sources.
Soru 4
Forecasted assets and total financing provided by debt and equity financing at a future date are displayed in:
Seçenekler
A
Investment portfolio.
B
Capital budgeting.
C
Preemptive rights sheet.
D
Pro forma income statement.
E
Pro forma balance sheet.
Açıklama:
Pro forma income statement exhibits forecasted revenues and expenses for a future period. Pro forma balance sheet displays forecasted assets and total financing provided by debt and equity financing at a future date.
Soru 5
Which of the following is not one of the 5 C’s of credit, based on which banks assess the credit worthiness of companies?
Seçenekler
A
Capacity.
B
Credibility.
C
Collateral.
D
Character.
E
Conditions.
Açıklama:
Banks usually assess the credit worthiness of companies to establish a credit relationship with companies by in view of 5 C’s of credit. These are: character, capacity, capital, collateral and conditions.
Soru 6
Which of the following is true regarding stocks?
Seçenekler
A
A stock is a promissory note with a fixed interest rate, contractual payments and principal.
B
Stocks may be sold for a value equal to the par value or maturity value.
C
Stocks represent ownership interest in the business and its assets.
D
Issuing shares of stock provides debt financing for companies.
E
If shares are sold below the par value, they are called discount shares. If the price or market value is above the par value, they are called premium shares.
Açıklama:
Firms may issue shares of stock to raise capital as a form of equity financing. Stocks represent ownership interest in the business and its assets. Companies raise capital by issuing shares of stock. Financing decisions involve debt or equity financing. Bond issuances provide debt financing whereas issuing shares of stock provides equity financing.
Soru 7
A project should be accepted if its Internal Rate of Return (IRR):
Seçenekler
A
Is above the shareholders’ required rate of return.
B
Is below the shareholders’ required rate of return.
C
Is equal to the shareholders’ required rate of return.
D
Is positive.
E
Is less than 1.
Açıklama:
Another widely used technique closely related to NPV is the Internal Rate of Return (IRR). IRR is the discount rate that equates the present value of future cash flows with the initial outlay of the project. If the IRR is above the shareholders’ required rate of return, then the project should be accepted. However, if the IRR of the project is below the required rate of return, it should be rejected.
Soru 8
Risk that can arise from a company’s ordinary business is called:
Seçenekler
A
Credit risk.
B
Default risk.
C
Market risk.
D
Political risk.
E
Operational risk.
Açıklama:
Although there are many types of risk classes, basic types of risk for a business can be classified as: credit risk (default risk), market risk, political risk and operational risk. Various risks that can arise from a company’s ordinary business are called operational risks.
Soru 9
Economic value added (EVA) is calculated with the formula:
Seçenekler
A
EVA = Cash Flow / Market Value of Capital Employed.
B
EVA= NOPAT / (Capital Base, net of depreciation)
C
EVA= NOPAT / (Capital Base, net of depreciation * WACC)
D
EVA= NOPAT / (Capital Base, net of depreciation * Cash flow)
E
EVA = Cash Flow * Market Value of Capital Employed.
Açıklama:
The following formula is used to calculate EVA:
EVA= NOPAT / (Capital Base, net of depreciation * WACC)
NOPAT: Net Operating Profit After Tax
WACC : Weighted Average Cost of Capital
If EVA is positive, then it means the company is adding value.
EVA= NOPAT / (Capital Base, net of depreciation * WACC)
NOPAT: Net Operating Profit After Tax
WACC : Weighted Average Cost of Capital
If EVA is positive, then it means the company is adding value.
Soru 10
Capital Markets Board of Turkey’s Corporate Governance Principles consist of the following main sections, except:
Seçenekler
A
Shareholders.
B
Stakeholders.
C
Disclosure and transparency.
D
Board of directors.
E
Investment decisions.
Açıklama:
Capital Markets Board of Turkey’s Corporate Governance Principles consist of four main sections, namely shareholders, disclosure and transparency, stakeholders and board of directors.
Soru 11
Which of the following is false for "business finance decisions"?
Seçenekler
A
Business finance decisions are related to the resources of a business
B
Business finance decisions can be grouped as investment decisions, financing decisions and operating decisions
C
Investment decisions are about making sound investment choices in line with
business strategies and economic analysis
business strategies and economic analysis
D
Operating decisions are about employing the resources of the business to
efficiently generate profits
efficiently generate profits
E
Financing decisions are about selecting only the external funds to finance the investments of the business
Açıklama:
Business finance decisions are related to the resources of a business and they can be grouped as investment decisions, financing decisions and operating decisions.
• Investment decisions: Making sound investment choices in line with
business strategies and economic analysis.
• Financing decisions: Selecting the optimum mix of internal and
external funds to finance the investments of the business.
• Operating decisions: Employing the resources of the business to
efficiently generate profits.
• Investment decisions: Making sound investment choices in line with
business strategies and economic analysis.
• Financing decisions: Selecting the optimum mix of internal and
external funds to finance the investments of the business.
• Operating decisions: Employing the resources of the business to
efficiently generate profits.
Soru 12
Which of the following is not one of the factors that the best mix of debt financing and equity financing depends on?
Seçenekler
A
The type of the industry in which the company operates
B
General economic conditions of the company
C
Level of risk that management can be assumed in case of unpredicted events
D
Costs of debt financing and equity financing at the time of capital structure decisions
E
Financial regulations of the state in which the company operates
Açıklama:
The best mix of debt financing and equity financing depends on the type of the industry in which the company operates and general economic conditions as well. Moreover, it depends on the following factors:
• Level of risk that management can be assumed in case of unpredicted events.
• Level of earnings to cover the interest payments associated with debt financing and dividend payments associated with equity financing.
• Level of control that management seeks to maintain as issuing new shares of stock brings new shareholders to the company who have voting rights as owners of the company.
• Costs of debt financing and equity financing at the time of capital structure decisions.
• Conditions in the financial markets.
• Level of risk that management can be assumed in case of unpredicted events.
• Level of earnings to cover the interest payments associated with debt financing and dividend payments associated with equity financing.
• Level of control that management seeks to maintain as issuing new shares of stock brings new shareholders to the company who have voting rights as owners of the company.
• Costs of debt financing and equity financing at the time of capital structure decisions.
• Conditions in the financial markets.
Soru 13
Which of the following is not one of the roles of financial markets?
Seçenekler
A
Efficient allocation of capital
B
Competitive superiority
C
Price discovery
D
Liquidity
E
Risk Sharing
Açıklama:
Financial markets serve many roles among which are:
• Efficient allocation of capital: Financial markets help channel funds into profitable investments and boost economic growth
• Price discovery:Prices of financial assets are formed in the market by the interaction of demand and supply for these securities.
• Liquidity: Investors can sell their investments and turn them into cash in financial markets.
• Risk Sharing: Financial institutions such as commercial banks, mutual funds, and pension funds create and sell assets with different risk characteristics for different type of investors
• Efficient allocation of capital: Financial markets help channel funds into profitable investments and boost economic growth
• Price discovery:Prices of financial assets are formed in the market by the interaction of demand and supply for these securities.
• Liquidity: Investors can sell their investments and turn them into cash in financial markets.
• Risk Sharing: Financial institutions such as commercial banks, mutual funds, and pension funds create and sell assets with different risk characteristics for different type of investors
Soru 14
"Net Working Capital.............."
Which of the following appropriately completes the sentence above?
Which of the following appropriately completes the sentence above?
Seçenekler
A
exhibits forecasted revenues and expenses for a future period
B
refers to the current assets of the firm less the current liabilities
C
displays forecasted assets and total financing provided by debt and equity financing at a future date
D
includes long-term securities like bonds and stocks
E
includes short-term securities like commercial paper and treasury bills
Açıklama:
Working capital includes current asset investments of the firm, which comprises assets that can be converted into cash within one year. Current assets include cash, marketable securities, accounts receivables, inventory, and other short-term investments of the firm. Companies need to sustain a sufficient level of working capital to ensure that short-term obligations are met on time. Net Working Capital on the other hand refers to the current assets of the firm less the current liabilities.
Soru 15
Which of the following is not one of the long-term resources which could be used for long-term financing?
Seçenekler
A
Company assets
B
Long-term trade credit
C
Long-term leasing
D
Long-term bank loans
E
Bonds
Açıklama:
Companies usually finance their long-term assets with long-term resources such as long-term trade credit extended by their suppliers, long-term leasing, long-term bank loans, or by issuing bonds or stocks
Soru 16
Which of the following is not one of the grants that stocks provide for holders?
Seçenekler
A
Preemptive rights
B
Claim on assets if the business goes bankrupt
C
Claim on income in the form of dividends
D
The election of the CEO
E
Limited liability in case of bankruptcy
Açıklama:
Stocks grant the holders:
• Limited liability in case of bankruptcy (limited with the amount of investment).
• Claim on income in the form of dividends.
• Claim on assets if the business goes bankrupt.
• Voting rights in the election of the Board of Directors.
• Preemptive rights.
Preemptive rights gives the preferred stockholders the right to purchase new shares of stock proportionate with their existing share of ownership.
• Limited liability in case of bankruptcy (limited with the amount of investment).
• Claim on income in the form of dividends.
• Claim on assets if the business goes bankrupt.
• Voting rights in the election of the Board of Directors.
• Preemptive rights.
Preemptive rights gives the preferred stockholders the right to purchase new shares of stock proportionate with their existing share of ownership.
Soru 17
"Efficient markets............." Which of the following most appropriately completes the statement above?
Seçenekler
A
are markets where all valid information is available to all participants at the same time, and where prices respond immediately to available information
B
show the amount of wealth that is expected to be created if the project is undertaken
C
give the preferred stockholders the right to purchase new shares of stock proportionate with their existing share of ownership
D
involve debt or equity financing. Bond issuances provide debt financing whereas issuing shares of stock provide equity financing
E
are the discount rates that make the NPV of the project equal to zero
Açıklama:
Efficient markets are markets where all valid information is available to all participants at the same time, and where prices respond immediately to available information.
Soru 18
Which of the following is not one of the risk types for a business?
Seçenekler
A
Credit risk
B
Market risk
C
Political risk
D
Operational risk
E
Structural risk
Açıklama:
Although there are many types of risk classes, basic types of risk for a business can be classified as:
• Credit risk (Default risk)
The risk that a company or individual will not be able to pay the contractual interest or principal on its debt obligations.
• Market risk
The risk that the value of an investment to fluctuate due to general market conditions.
• Political risk
The risk that a country’s government will suddenly change its policies.
• Operational risk
Various risks that can arise from a company’s ordinary business
• Credit risk (Default risk)
The risk that a company or individual will not be able to pay the contractual interest or principal on its debt obligations.
• Market risk
The risk that the value of an investment to fluctuate due to general market conditions.
• Political risk
The risk that a country’s government will suddenly change its policies.
• Operational risk
Various risks that can arise from a company’s ordinary business
Soru 19
"Chief Risk Officer..........."
Which of the following most appropriately completes the sentence above?
Which of the following most appropriately completes the sentence above?
Seçenekler
A
is the discount rate that makes the NPV of the project equal to zero
B
has the highest responsibility for overseeing the centralized risk management function
C
is the number of years needed to recover the initial investment outlay
D
is the expected benefits of the investment in the form of cash flows
E
is usually measured by standard deviation or variance, which is the square of
standard deviation
standard deviation
Açıklama:
Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) is an integrated risk management approach, which considers risks in the context of business strategy and manages them with a portfolio perspective through well-defined risk responsibilities and strong risk monitoring processes. In ERM, there is a senior level position usually called Chief Risk Officer (CRO) who has the highest responsibility for overseeing the centralized risk management function.
Soru 20
Which of the following is not one of the steps involved in the implementation of internal controls?
Seçenekler
A
Identification of possible internal and external threats
B
Identification of internal processes
C
Identification of process gaps using control assessment tools
D
Implementing internal controls to fill gaps with strong control processes
E
Testing the controls with periodical implementations
Açıklama:
To fight against fraud and corruption, companies can establish internal control systems. Typically, implementation of internal controls involve the following steps:22
• Identification of possible internal and external threats,
• Identification of internal processes,
• Identification of process gaps using control assessment tools,
• Implementing internal controls to fill gaps with strong control processes,
• Testing the controls with an early warning system.
• Identification of possible internal and external threats,
• Identification of internal processes,
• Identification of process gaps using control assessment tools,
• Implementing internal controls to fill gaps with strong control processes,
• Testing the controls with an early warning system.
Soru 21
What type of decisions involve decisions about how much profit to distribute as well as how to finance the resources of the company?
Seçenekler
A
Financing decisions
B
Distribution decisions
C
Profit decisions
D
Investment decisions
E
Operational decisions
Açıklama:
Financing decisions involve decisions about how much profit to distribute as well as how to finance the resources of the company. As businesses invest in assets to carry on their operations, they must make decisions regarding how to finance these resources.
Soru 22
What combination of funds creates the capital structure of a company?
Seçenekler
A
Internal and external
B
Fixed and current
C
Long-term and short-term
D
Debt financing and equity financing
E
Optimum and maximum
Açıklama:
The combination of internal funds and external funds creates the financing structure, in other words the capital structure of the company.
Soru 23
What type of decisions focus on the efficient use of resources to create competitive advantage in the market by developing effective and cost efficient
systems and processes such as production, service, information, and technology?
systems and processes such as production, service, information, and technology?
Seçenekler
A
Financing decisions
B
Operating decisions
C
Capital investment decisions
D
Financial risk decisions
E
Investment decisions
Açıklama:
Operating decisions focus on the efficient use of resources to create competitive advantage in the market by developing effective and cost efficient systems and processes such as production, service, information, and technology.
Soru 24
Which of the following is NOT among the functions of financial markets?
Seçenekler
A
Efficient allocation of capital
B
Price discovery
C
Liquidity
D
Risk Sharing
E
Security
Açıklama:
Financial markets serve many roles among which are:
• Efficient allocation of capital
Financial markets help channel funds into profitable investments and boost economic growth
• Price discovery
Prices of financial assets are formed in the market by the interaction of demand and supply for these
securities.
• Liquidity
Investors can sell their investments and turn them into cash in financial markets. "Security" is not one of these roles or functions.
• Efficient allocation of capital
Financial markets help channel funds into profitable investments and boost economic growth
• Price discovery
Prices of financial assets are formed in the market by the interaction of demand and supply for these
securities.
• Liquidity
Investors can sell their investments and turn them into cash in financial markets. "Security" is not one of these roles or functions.
Soru 25
Which of the following is NOT a type of financial market?
Seçenekler
A
Money markets
B
Capital markets
C
Primary markets
D
Secondary markets
E
Tertiary markets
Açıklama:
Financial markets can be classified as:
• Money markets: Markets where short-term securities like commercial paper and treasury bills are traded.
• Capital markets: Markets where long-term securities like bonds and stocks are traded.
They can also be classified as:
• Primary markets: Markets in which securities are offered for the first time.
• Secondary markets: Markets in which currently outstanding securities are traded. There is no such thing as a "tertiary market."
• Money markets: Markets where short-term securities like commercial paper and treasury bills are traded.
• Capital markets: Markets where long-term securities like bonds and stocks are traded.
They can also be classified as:
• Primary markets: Markets in which securities are offered for the first time.
• Secondary markets: Markets in which currently outstanding securities are traded. There is no such thing as a "tertiary market."
Soru 26
Which of the following is NOT among the 5 C's of credit?
Seçenekler
A
Contract
B
Collateral
C
Capital
D
Capacity
E
Character
Açıklama:
The 5 C's of credit are the following:
• Character. Banks evaluate the experience and track record of the business owners and managers
in the industry.
• Capacity. Capacity refers to considering your other debts when determining the ability to repay
the loan.
• Capital. Capital refers to the value of your assets less your liabilities. In simple terms, capital
reflects to how much you own (for example, car, real estate, cash, and investments) minus how
much you owe.
• Collateral. Collateral refers to any asset of a borrower a lender can use to pay the debt if the borrower is unable pay back the loan.
• Conditions. Banks may evaluate the industry and competition as well as general economic conditions.
"Contract" is not one of these 5 C's.
• Character. Banks evaluate the experience and track record of the business owners and managers
in the industry.
• Capacity. Capacity refers to considering your other debts when determining the ability to repay
the loan.
• Capital. Capital refers to the value of your assets less your liabilities. In simple terms, capital
reflects to how much you own (for example, car, real estate, cash, and investments) minus how
much you owe.
• Collateral. Collateral refers to any asset of a borrower a lender can use to pay the debt if the borrower is unable pay back the loan.
• Conditions. Banks may evaluate the industry and competition as well as general economic conditions.
"Contract" is not one of these 5 C's.
Soru 27
What type of rights gives the preferred stockholders the right to purchase new shares of stock proportionate with their existing share of ownership?
Seçenekler
A
Preemptive rights
B
Purchasing rights
C
Limited liability rights
D
Capital investment rights
E
Voting rights
Açıklama:
Preemptive rights gives the preferred stockholders the right to purchase new shares of stock proportionate with their existing share of ownership.
Soru 28
What is Internal Rate of Return (IRR)?
Seçenekler
A
The discount rate that equates the present value of future cash flows with the initial outlay of the project.
B
The number of years needed to recover the initial investment outlay.
C
The expected benefits of the investment in the form of cash flows.
D
The indicator that helps a company to evaluate the performance of an investment or product.
E
It is any asset of a borrower a lender can use to pay the debt if the borrower is unable pay back the loan.
Açıklama:
IRR is the discount rate that equates the present value of future cash flows with the initial outlay of the project. If the IRR is above the shareholders’ required rate of return, then the project should be accepted. However, if the IRR of the project is below the required rate of return, it should be rejected.
Soru 29
What type of risk is defined by "the risk that the value of an investment to fluctuate due to general market conditions"?
Seçenekler
A
Credit risk
B
Market risk
C
Political risk
D
Operational risk
E
Investment risk
Açıklama:
Market risk is "the risk that the value of an investment to fluctuate due to general market conditions."
Soru 30
What type of risk is defined by "the risk that a company or individual will not be able to pay the contractual interest or principal on its debt obligations"?
Seçenekler
A
Default risk
B
Market risk
C
Political risk
D
Operational risk
E
Investment risk
Açıklama:
Credit risk (Default risk) is defined as "the risk that a company or individual will not be able to pay the contractual interest or principal on its debt obligations".
Soru 31
Which one of the following focuses on employing the resources of the business to efficiently generate profits?
Seçenekler
A
Investment decisions
B
Financing decisions
C
Operating decisions
D
External funds
E
Financial markets
Açıklama:
• Operating decisions
Employing the resources of the business to efficiently generate profits.
Employing the resources of the business to efficiently generate profits.
Soru 32
Which one of the following terms refers to the financing structure of the company created by the combination of internal funds and external funds?
Seçenekler
A
capital structure
B
fixed asset
C
money market
D
net working capital
E
trade credit
Açıklama:
The combination of internal funds and external funds creates the financing structure, in other words the capital structure of the company.
Soru 33
Which one of the following is not among the functions of financial markets?
Seçenekler
A
Efficient allocation of capita
B
Price discovery
C
Investment decision
D
Liquidity
E
Risk Sharing
Açıklama:
Financial markets serve many roles among which are:
• Efficient allocation of capital
Financial markets help channel funds into profitable investments and boost economic growth
• Price discovery
Prices of financial assets are formed in the market by the interaction of demand and supply for these securities.
• Liquidity
Investors can sell their investments and turn them into cash in financial markets.
• Risk Sharing
• Efficient allocation of capital
Financial markets help channel funds into profitable investments and boost economic growth
• Price discovery
Prices of financial assets are formed in the market by the interaction of demand and supply for these securities.
• Liquidity
Investors can sell their investments and turn them into cash in financial markets.
• Risk Sharing
Soru 34
I. Accrued wages and salaries
II. Accrued taxes
III. Long-term loans provided from commercial banks
Which one(s) of the sources above is/are used to finance working capital?
II. Accrued taxes
III. Long-term loans provided from commercial banks
Which one(s) of the sources above is/are used to finance working capital?
Seçenekler
A
Only I
B
Only II
C
Only III
D
I-II
E
I-III
Açıklama:
Working capital can be financed by:
• Accrued wages and salaries,
• Accrued taxes,
• Short-term loans provided from commercial banks, finance companies or factors,
• Issuing commercial papers (short-term promissory notes).
• Accrued wages and salaries,
• Accrued taxes,
• Short-term loans provided from commercial banks, finance companies or factors,
• Issuing commercial papers (short-term promissory notes).
Soru 35
Which one of the following refers to the plan to show how much money a person or organization will earn and how much they will need or be able to spend?
Seçenekler
A
Budget
B
Leasing
C
Pro forma income statement
D
Loan
E
Capital lease
Açıklama:
A budget is a plan to show how much money a person or organization will earn and how much they will need or be able to spend.
Soru 36
Banks usually assess the credit worthiness of companies to establish a credit relationship with companies by in view of 5 C’s of credit. Which one of the following refers to any asset of a borrower a lender can use to pay the debt if the borrower is unable pay back the loan?
Seçenekler
A
Character
B
Capacity
C
Capital
D
Collateral
E
Conditions
Açıklama:
Collateral: Collateral refers to any asset of a borrower a lender can use to pay the debt if the borrower is unable pay back the loan
Soru 37
Which one of the following terms is used to show the amount of wealth that is expected to be created if the project is undertaken?
Seçenekler
A
Net present value
B
Internal rate of return
C
Capital budgeting process
D
Preemptive right
E
Efficient market
Açıklama:
Net Present Value (NPV) shows the amount of wealth that is expected to be created if the project is undertaken.
Soru 38
There are many types of risk classes for a business. Which one of the following refers to the risks that can arise from a company’s ordinary business?
Seçenekler
A
Credit risk
B
Operational risk
C
Market risk
D
Political risk
E
Diversifiable risk
Açıklama:
• Operational risk
Various risks that can arise from a company’s ordinary business
Various risks that can arise from a company’s ordinary business
Soru 39
I. More cash is preferred to less
II. Cash has a time value
III. Later is preferred to sooner
Which one(s) of these is/are among the fatures of Cash flow return on investment (CFROI)?
II. Cash has a time value
III. Later is preferred to sooner
Which one(s) of these is/are among the fatures of Cash flow return on investment (CFROI)?
Seçenekler
A
Only I
B
Only II
C
Only III
D
I-II
E
II-III
Açıklama:
CFROI metric is rooted on the discounted cash flow valuation (Madden, 1999).19 Thus:
1. More cash is preferred to less.
2. Cash has a time value.
3. Sooner is preferred to late.
4. Less uncertainty is better
1. More cash is preferred to less.
2. Cash has a time value.
3. Sooner is preferred to late.
4. Less uncertainty is better
Soru 40
Which one of the following is not among the four main sections of Capital Markets Board of Turkey’s Corporate Governance Principles?
Seçenekler
A
Shareholders
B
Disclosure and transparency
C
Stakeholders
D
Board of directors
E
Board of supervisors
Açıklama:
Capital Markets Board of Turkey’s Corporate Governance Principles consist of four main sections, namely shareholders, disclosure and transparency, stakeholders and board of directors
Soru 41
The efficient use of resources to create competitive advantage in the market by developing effective and cost efficient systems and processes is the focus of which decision field of business finance?
Seçenekler
A
Investment decisions.
B
Operating decisions.
C
Financing decisions.
D
Internal funding decisions.
E
Marketing decisions.
Açıklama:
Operating decisions focus on the efficient use of resources to create competitive advantage in the market by developing effective and cost efficient systems and processes such as production, service, information, and technology. Businesses need to manage the cash flows and financing needs which arise from daily operations. Operating decisions mainly affect the revenues, costs, and profits of the company.
Soru 42
Which of the following is true regarding internal funds?
Seçenekler
A
They are provided from creditors.
B
They are provided by borrowing from financial institutions.
C
They are provided by issuing bonds.
D
They provide debt financing.
E
They provide equity financing.
Açıklama:
Internal funds are generated by retaining those profits which are not distributed as dividends to the shareholders. These types of funds provide financing sources for the company to be reinvested in the business for growth. The retained earnings of the company become a part of equity and they provide equity financing.
Soru 43
Markets where long-term securities like bonds and stocks are traded are called:
Seçenekler
A
Capital markets.
B
Money markets.
C
Commercial markets.
D
Primary markets.
E
Secondary markets.
Açıklama:
Financial markets can be classified as: Money markets - markets where short-term securities like commercial paper and treasury bills are traded and Capital markets - markets where long-term securities like bonds and stocks are traded.
Soru 44
Forecasted assets and total financing provided by debt and equity financing at a future date are displayed at:
Seçenekler
A
Pro forma balance sheet.
B
Pro forma income statement.
C
Budget.
D
Capital lease.
E
Investment portfolio.
Açıklama:
Companies need to plan for the future to predict futurefinancing requirements and prepare for future needs. Proforma financial statements (mainly balance sheet and income statement) are prepared for this purpose. Pro forma income statement exhibits forecasted revenues and expenses for a future period. Pro forma balance sheet displays forecasted assets and total financing provided by debt and equity financing at a future date.
Soru 45
Which of the following is not one of the 5 C’s of credit?
Seçenekler
A
Capital.
B
Conditions.
C
Collateral.
D
Consolidation.
E
Capacity.
Açıklama:
Banks usually assess the credit worthiness of companies to establish a credit relationship with companies by in view of 5 C’s of credit. These are: character, capacity, capital, collateral and conditions.
Soru 46
The risk that a company or individual will not be able to pay the contractual interest or principal on its debt obligations is called:
Seçenekler
A
Default risk.
B
Market risk.
C
Political risk.
D
Portfolio risk.
E
Operational risk.
Açıklama:
Credit risk (Default risk) is the risk that a company or individual will not be able to pay the contractual interest or principal on its debt obligations.
Soru 47
Which of the following is true regarding capital investment decisions?
Seçenekler
A
They involve a lower level of risk compared to short-term investments.
B
Activities of planning and evaluating investment projects are called internal control.
C
If the present value of future cash flows is lower than the initial outlay, it means that the project will generate some net worth.
D
Fixed assets are assets which can be turned into cash in less than a year.
E
Capital budgeting process involves economic analysis and selection of projects according to some criteria determined by the company.
Açıklama:
Activities of planning and evaluating investment projects is called capital budgeting. The capital budgeting process involves economic analysis and selection of projects according to some criteria determined by the management of the company.
Soru 48
The integrated risk management approach, which considers risks in the context of business strategy and manages them with a portfolio perspective through well defined risk responsibilities and strong risk monitoring processes is called:
Seçenekler
A
Traditional risk management.
B
Chief risk management.
C
Enterprise risk management.
D
Shareholder value creation.
E
Shareholder risk management.
Açıklama:
Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) approach has emerged to provide the means to recognize and mitigate risks with a holistic approach. Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) is an integrated risk management approach, which considers risks in the context of business strategy and manages them with a portfolio perspective through well-defined risk responsibilities and strong risk monitoring processes. In ERM, there is a senior level position usually called Chief Risk Officer (CRO) who has the highest responsibility for overseeing the centralized risk management function.
Soru 49
Which of the following is false regarding cash flow return on investment (CFROI) methodology?
Seçenekler
A
More cash is preferred to less.
B
Cash has a time value.
C
More uncertainty is better.
D
Sooner is preferred to late.
E
CFROI = Cash Flow / Market Value of Capital Employed
Açıklama:
CFROI metric is rooted on the discounted cash flow valuation. Thus: more cash is preferred to less, cash has a time value, sooner is preferred to late, less uncertainty is better. The following formula is used to calculate CFROI:CFROI = Cash Flow / Market Value of Capital Employed.
Soru 50
Capital Markets Board of Turkey’s Corporate Governance Principles consist of four main sections, namely:
Seçenekler
A
Disclosure and transparency, corporate ethics, stakeholders and board of directors.
B
Shareholders, disclosure and transparency, stakeholders and board of directors.
C
Shareholders, internal controls, stakeholders and board of directors.
D
Internal controls, portfolio management, stakeholders and shareholders.
E
Corporate ethics, internal controls, stakeholders and board of directors.
Açıklama:
Capital Markets Board of Turkey’s Corporate Governance Principles consist of four main sections, namely shareholders, disclosure and transparency, stakeholders and board of directors.
Soru 51
Which of the following is the process of making sound investment choices in line with business strategies and economic analysis?
Seçenekler
A
Investment decisions
B
Financing decisions
C
Marketing
D
Operating decisions
E
Business finance
Açıklama:
Business finance decisions are related to the resources of a business and they can be grouped as investment decisions, financing decisions and operating decisions.
• Investment decisions
Making sound investment choices in line with business strategies and economic analysis.
• Financing decisions
Selecting the optimum mix of internal and external funds to finance the investments of the business.
• Operating decisions
Employing the resources of the business to efficiently generate profits.
• Investment decisions
Making sound investment choices in line with business strategies and economic analysis.
• Financing decisions
Selecting the optimum mix of internal and external funds to finance the investments of the business.
• Operating decisions
Employing the resources of the business to efficiently generate profits.
Soru 52
"Investment decisions mainly include decisions related to _________, which can be converted into cash in a relatively short period, namely within one year"
Which of the following can be used to complete the sentence above?
Which of the following can be used to complete the sentence above?
Seçenekler
A
Fixed assets
B
Current assets
C
Financing decision
D
Internal funds
E
External funds
Açıklama:
Investment decisions mainly include decisions related to current assets, which can be converted into cash in a relatively short period, namely within one year; fixed assets, which can be converted into cash in a longer time of period, that is to say, in more than a year. In fact current assets are more liquid assets.
Soru 53
Which of the following factors does not affect debt and equity financing?
Seçenekler
A
Level of risk that management
B
Level of earnings to cover
C
Level of control that management seeks to maintain
D
Costs of debt financing and equity financing
E
Time management of financing
Açıklama:
The best mix of debt financing and equity financing depends on the type of the industry in which the company operates and general economic conditions as well. Moreover, it depends on the following factors:
The combination of internal funds and external funds creates the financing structure, in other words the capital structure of the company.
The combination of internal funds and external funds creates the financing structure, in other words the capital structure of the company.
- Level of risk that management can be assumed in case of unpredicted events.
- Level of earnings to cover the interest payments associated with debt financing and dividend payments associated with equity financing.
- Level of control that management seeks
to maintain as issuing new shares of stock brings new shareholders to the company who have voting rights as owners of the company. - Costs of debt financing and equity financ- ing at the time of capital structure decisions.
- Conditions in the financial markets.
Soru 54
Which of the following is the market where short-term securities like commercial paper and treasury bills are traded?
Seçenekler
A
Capital market
B
Primary market
C
Secondary market
D
Money market
E
Price discovery
Açıklama:
Financial markets can be classified as;
- Money markets: Markets where short-term securi- ties like commercial paper and treasury bills are traded.
- Capital markets: Markets where long-term securities like bonds and stocks are traded.
Stocks are traded in the capital markets since they have no maturity.
They can also be classified as:
- Primary markets: Markets in which securities are offered for the first time.
- Secondary markets: Markets in which currently outstanding securities are traded.
Soru 55
Which of the following is not a way to finance the working capital?
Seçenekler
A
Accrued wages and salaries
B
Liquid assets
C
Accrued taxes
D
Short-term loans provided from commercial banks, finance companies or factors
E
- Issuing commercial papers
Açıklama:
Working capital can be financed by:
- Accrued wages and salaries,
- Accrued taxes,
- Short-term loans provided from commercial banks, finance compa-
nies or factors, - Issuing commercial papers
Soru 56
What is Pro forma balance sheet used for?
Seçenekler
A
It exhibits forecasted revenues and expenses for a future period.
B
It prepares plans to finance the financing requirements that will arise.
C
It displays forecasted assets and total financing provided by debt and equity financing at a future date.
D
It shows how much money a person or organization will earn
E
It shows agreement to transfer the ownership rights to the lessee after the completion of the lease period.
Açıklama:
Pro forma balance sheet displays forecasted assets and total financing provided by debt and equity financing at a future date.
Soru 57
"_________refers to the value of your assets less your liabilities. In simple terms, capital reflects to how much you own (for example, car, real estate, cash, and investments) minus how much you owe."
Which of the following can be used to complete the sentence above?
Which of the following can be used to complete the sentence above?
Seçenekler
A
Character
B
Capacity
C
Capital
D
Collateral
E
Conditions
Açıklama:
- Capital refers to the value of your assets less your liabilities. In simple terms, capital reflects to how much you own (for example, car, real estate, cash, and investments) minus how much you owe.
Soru 58
"________ refers to any asset of a borrower a lender can use to pay the debt if the bor- rower is unable pay back the loan."
Which of the following can be used to complete the sentence above?
Which of the following can be used to complete the sentence above?
Seçenekler
A
Character
B
Capacity
C
Capital
D
Collateral
E
Conditions
Açıklama:
- Collateral refers to any asset of a borrower a lender can use to pay the debt if the bor- rower is unable pay back the loan.
Soru 59
I- Assessing the profitability of a single investment project.
II- Assessing the relative profitability of competing investment projects.
III- Selecting the best investment projects in a portfolio of projects with a limited budget.
Which of the above are the main categories of investment decisions?
II- Assessing the relative profitability of competing investment projects.
III- Selecting the best investment projects in a portfolio of projects with a limited budget.
Which of the above are the main categories of investment decisions?
Seçenekler
A
I
B
II
C
III
D
I and III
E
I, II and III
Açıklama:
Investment decisions can be grouped as:
- Assessing the profitability of a single in- vestment project.
- Assessing the relative profitability of com- peting investment projects.
- Selecting the best investment projects in a portfolio of projects with a limited budget.
Soru 60
Which of the following is the risk that a country’s government will suddenly change its policies?
Seçenekler
A
Credit risk
B
Market risk
C
Operational risk
D
Investment risk
E
Political risk
Açıklama:
Although there are many types of risk classes, basic types of risk for a business can be classified as:
• Credit risk (Default risk)
The risk that a company or individual will not be able to pay the contractual interest or principal on its debt obligations.
• Market risk
The risk that the value of an investment to fluctuate due to general market conditions
Political risk
The risk that a country’s government will suddenly change its policies.
• Operational risk
Various risks that can arise from a company’s ordinary business
• Credit risk (Default risk)
The risk that a company or individual will not be able to pay the contractual interest or principal on its debt obligations.
• Market risk
The risk that the value of an investment to fluctuate due to general market conditions
Political risk
The risk that a country’s government will suddenly change its policies.
• Operational risk
Various risks that can arise from a company’s ordinary business