Amerıcan Foreıgn Polıcy (ENG) - Uluslararası İlişkiler (İngilizce)

Ünite 1

Soru 1

Isolationism
Containment
Deterrence

Which of the aboves are ways of thinking became significant in U.S. foreign policy since the 19th century?

Only I

Only II

I and II

II and III

I, II and III

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 2

Whereas ............ showed great interest in military and foreign strategy the American Civil War (1861-1865), ............. did not really show any interest in foreign affairs until when the important end-of-war treaties were being signed following World War I.
Fill in the blanks.

Abraham Lincoln - Woodrow Wilson

Woodrow Wilson - Abraham Lincoln

Franklin D. Roosevelt - Lyndon B. Johnson

Lyndon B. Johnson - Franklin D. Roosevelt

Franklin D. Roosevelt - Abraham Lincoln

Açıklama:

The president’s personality and personal interest in foreign policy are important factors in determining how much control s/he would like to have in America’s relations with other entities around the world. For example, whereas Abraham Lincoln showed great interest in military and foreign strategy the American Civil War (1861- 1865), Woodrow Wilson did not really show any interest in foreign affairs until when the important end-of-war treaties were being signed following World War I. Similarly, whereas some presidents such as Franklin D. Roosevelt worked closely with his advisors and generals during World War II, Lyndon B. Johnson managed a lot of the details about the Vietnam War to himself and had a very tight personal control over the military operations.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 3

When The War Powers Resolution was enacted?

1893

1914

1947

1973

2001

Açıklama:

That the presidents are using different tactics to bypass Congress is a significant change in U.S. foreign policy making process because the presidential decisions mentioned above allegedly violate the War Powers Resolution. The War Powers Resolution (also known as the War Powers Act) is a federal law that was enacted in 1973 with the intention to check the president’s power to commit the United States to an armed conflict without the consent of the U.S. Congress.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 4

The U.S. Congress is a bicameral legislative
institution with ... senators serving in the
Senate and ... state representatives serving in
the House of Representatives.
Fill in the blanks.

105 - 450

100 - 435

150 - 500

120 - 385

165 - 555

Açıklama:

The U.S. Congress is a bicameral legislative institution with 100 senators serving in the Senate and 435 state representatives serving in the House of Representatives. These two bodies of Congress share full legislative power. Whereas the Senate has exclusive authority to approve- or reject-presidential nominations to executive and judicial offices the House possesses the sole authority to impeach federal officials and, in the case of indecisive Electoral College results, to elect a president.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 5

Which Department has a large corps of diplomats known for their specialized expertise, and “leads America’s foreign policy through diplomacy, advocacy, and assistance by advancing the interests of the American people, their safety and economic prosperity?

The Department of State

The Department of Defense

The National Security Council

The Department of Treasury

The Central Intelligence Agency

Açıklama:

Today, the State Department has a large corps of diplomats known for their specialized expertise, and “leads America’s foreign policy through diplomacy, advocacy, and assistance by advancing the interests of the American people, their safety and economic prosperity (The U.S. Department of State).” The department’s primary responsibility is to staff diplomatic missions abroad and carry out the directives of the president in diplomacy. Civil servants hired and trained by the Department of State mostly handle day-to-day relations with other countries; they help maintain contacts with foreign countries and monitor other governments on a regular basis.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 6

Which deparment has three subordinate military departments - the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, and the Department of the Air Force?

The Department of State

The Department of Defense

The National Security Council (NSC)

The Department of Treasury

The Central Intelligence Agency
(CIA)

Açıklama:

The Department of Defense, which has three subordinate military departments - the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, and the Department of the Air Force - is charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government directly related to national security and the United States Armed Forces. In short, the Defense Department provides “the military forces needed to deter war and ensure American’s national security (The U.S. Department of Defense).”

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 7

Which department was created under President Truman in 1947?

The Department of State

The Department of Defense

The National Security Council (NSC)

The Department of Treasury

The Office of Presidency

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 8

Which is the only agency authorized by law to carry out and oversee covert action at the behest of the President?

The Department of State

The Department of Defense

The National Security Council (NSC)

The Department of Treasury

The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 9

NSC
CIA
Interest Groups
Think Tanks

Which of the aboves are secondary actors in U.S. foreign policy making?

I, II

III, IV

II, III, IV

I, IV

I, II, III, IV

Açıklama:

In addition to the president, Congress, and certain bureaucracies, interest groups, think tanks, the press, and public opinion affect U.S. foreign policy making. As time becomes less restricted, the environment for different actors to participate in the decision making process becomes more pluralistic, paving the way for secondary actors in U.S. foreign policy making to become more influential. Therefore, a good understanding of which interest groups become more important and when in U.S. foreign policy and how public opinion shapes U.S. leaders’ decision making process is crucial for understanding the main forces behind current policies of the United States in the world.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 10

Which Doctrine was the last presidential doctrine of the Cold War period?

Nixon Doctrine

Carter Doctrine

Reagan Doctrine

Bush Doctrine

Eisenhower Doctrine

Açıklama:

The foreign policy of the Reagan administration from 1981 to 1989 was characterized by a strategy of “peace through strength.” In his State of the Union address in 1985, President Reagan defined some of the key concepts of this foreign policy, establishing what came to be known as the Reagan Doctrine. The doctrine served as the foundation for the Reagan administration’s support of those who were fighting against the Soviet-supported aggression. Based on this doctrine, the Reagan administration not only offered financial and logistical support to the anti-communist opposition in different parts of the world but it also followed a hard line policy against socialist and communist governments in Afghanistan, Angola, and Nicaragua. Indeed, the United States provided covert support to the Contras and the mujahideen in their fight against the leftist left-leaning governments in Nicaragua and Afghanistan, respectively.
The Reagan Doctrine was the last presidential doctrine of the Cold War period, and it is widely considered to be at least partially responsible for the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 11

Which of the following refers to a policy of the U.S. remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, especially the political affairs of other countries?

Isolationism

Containment

Deterrence

Preemption

Liberalism

Açıklama:

Isolationism refers to a policy of the U.S. remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, especially the political affairs of other countries.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 12

Which doctrine became the cornerstone of isolationanism policy?

Monroe Doctrine

Marshall Doctrine

Truman Doctrine

Roosevelt Doctrine

Kennedy Doctrine

Açıklama:

The Monroe Doctrine, enunciated in 1823 by President James Monroe, became the cornerstone of this policy.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 13

Which of the following policy is specifically designed against the Soviet Union and operated on the principle that communist governments would eventually fall apart as long as they were prevented from expanding their influence?

Isolationism

Containment

Deterrence

Preemption

Liberalism

Açıklama:

The policy of containment, implemented as a part of the 1947 Truman Doctrine, was a policy specifically designed against the Soviet Union and operated on the principle that communist governments would eventually fall apart as long as they were prevented from expanding their influence.

Doğru Cevap: B

What is the most important and influential ethnic- or national origin interest group that affects the U.S. foreign policy?

Armenian Assembly of America

Center for Global Food Issues

London Center for Policy Research

Middle East Forum

American Israel Public Affairs Committee

Açıklama:

The most important and influential ethnic- or national origin interest group affecting U.S. foreign policy has traditionally been the American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC). AIPAC is a bipartisan organization of U.S. citizens committed solely to strengthening, protecting and promoting the U.S.-Israel relationship in ways that enhance the security of the United States and Israel.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 29

Which US doctrine warned European powers not to attempt further colonization or otherwise interfere in the Western Hemisphere, stating that the United States would view any such interference as a potentially hostile act?

The Truman Doctrine

The Eisenhower Doctrine

The Nixon Doctrine

The Monroe Doctrine

The Carter Doctrine

Açıklama:

The Monroe Doctrine, which became a cornerstone of U.S. diplomacy for generations and guided US’s relations with other countries until the end of World War II, warned European powers not to attempt further colonization or otherwise interfere in the Western Hemisphere, stating that the United States would view any such interference as a potentially hostile act.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 30

Which doctrine stated that any country could request economic and military assistance from the United States in the case of a real or perceived threat emanating from the Soviet Union?

The Reagan Doctrine

The Bush Doctrine

The Eisenhower Doctrine

The Truman Doctrine

The Nixon Doctrine

Açıklama:

The Truman Doctrine was further augmented by the Eisenhower Doctrine in 1957 when President Dwight D. Eisenhower declared that any country could request economic and military assistance from the United States in the case of a real or perceived threat emanating from the Soviet Union. In addition, this doctrine clarified the American commitment to use military force in order to secure and protect the territorial integrity and political independence of these states.

Doğru Cevap: C

Which of the following is NOT one f the four national intelligence services that the Defense Department houses?

The Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA)

The National Security Agency (NSA)

The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

The National Reconnaissance Office (NRO)

The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA)

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 38

Which of the following warned European powers not to attempt further colonization or otherwise the United States would view such interference as a potential hostile act?

Eisenhower Doctrine

Truman Doctrine

Bush Doctrine

Nixon Doctrine

Monroe Doctrine

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 39

Under which of the following the United States provided monetary and military support to countries that were threatened by the Soviet Union?

Carter Doctrine

Reagan Doctrine

Truman Doctrine

Monroe Doctrine

Eisenhower Doctrine

Açıklama:

Under the Truman Doctrine, and through the policy of containment, the United States provided monetary and military support to countries that were threatened by the Soviet Union. More specifically, President Truman asked Congress to support the Greek Government against the Communists and to provide assistance for Turkey.
The correct choice is C.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 40

Which of the following was an augmentation of the Truman Doctrine?

Carter Doctrine

Eisenhower Doctrine

Reagan Doctrine

Monroe Doctrine

Nixon Doctrine

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 41

Which of the following doctrines became the cornerstone of isolationism?

The Truman Doctrine

The Monroe Doctrine

The Bush Doctrine

The Nixon Doctrine

The Carter Doctrine

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: B

__________ , which are independent policy research institution, have helped shape U.S. global engagement.
Which of the following options correctly completes the sentence above?

Think tanks

The Senate

Interest groups

Corporations

Public opinion

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 47

Which of the following policy making actors not only serves as a source of information for policy makers but it also provides a forum for debate on foreign policy issues?

Interest groups

Think tanks

CIA

The Senate

The press

Açıklama:

In issues related to foreign policy, the press not only serves as a source of information for policy makers but it also provides a forum for debate on foreign
policy issues. By focusing on certain foreign policy issues instead of others, the press also functions as an agenda-setter.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 48

Which of the following doctrines was one of the main pillars of the U.S’s response to the increasing power of the Soviet Union, not only in Europe but also in the Middle East?

The Truman Doctrine

The Eisenhower Doctrine

The Monroe Doctrine

The Reagan Doctrine

The Nixon Doctrine

Açıklama:

The 1947 Truman Doctrine was one of the main pillars of the U.S’s response to the increasing power of the Soviet Union, not only in Europe but also in the Middle East. Under the Truman Doctrine, and through the policy of containment, the United States provided monetary and military support to countries that were threatened by the Soviet Union. More specifically, President Truman asked Congress to support the Greek Government against the Communists and to provide assistance for Turkey.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 49

___________ is believed to be the art or practice of conducting international relations.
Which of the following options correctly completes the sentence above?

Economic aid

Military force

Partnership

Diplomacy

Peace program

Açıklama:

Diplomacy is believed to be the art or practice of conducting international relations. In the context of U.S. foreign policy, diplomacy intends to promote
national values or interests by peaceful means.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 50

Which of the following doctrines was based on the principle that the United States would use military force if necessary to defend its national interests in the Gulf region of the Middle East?

The Nixon Doctrine.

The Carter Doctrine

The Reagan Doctrine

The Bush Doctrine

The Trump Doctrine

Açıklama:

The Carter Doctrine, which came following the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979, was based on the principle that the United States would use military force if necessary to defend its national interests in the Gulf region of the Middle East.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 51

Which of the followings refers to the development and maintenance of military strength as a means of discouraging attack from hostile powers?

Isolationism

Deterrence

Containment

Preemption

Think Tank

Açıklama:

INTRODUCTION
The policy of deterrence refers to the development and maintenance of military strength as a means of discouraging attack from hostile powers.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 52

Which of the followings was a policy specifically designed against the Soviet Union and operated on the principle that communist governments would eventually fall apart as long as they were prevented from expanding their influence?

Isolationism

Deterrence

Containment

Preemption

Think Tank

Açıklama:

INTRODUCTION
The policy of containment, implemented as a part of the 1947 Truman Doctrine, was a policy specifically designed against the Soviet Union and operated on the principle that communist governments would eventually fall apart as long as they were prevented from expanding their influence.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 53

Which of the followings did not really show any interest in foreign affairs until when the important end-of-war treaties were being signed following World War I?

Abraham Lincoln

Woodrow Wilson

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Lyndon B. Johnson

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Açıklama:

PRIMARY ACTORS AND INSTITUTIONS IN U.S. FOREIGN POLICY MAKING
Woodrow Wilson did not really show any interest in foreign affairs until when the important end-of-war treaties were being signed following World War I.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 54

Which of the following statements is not true regarding The U.S. Congress?

The U.S. Congress is a bicameral legislative institution with 100 senators serving in the Senate.

In foreign policy matters, Congress has no power to declare war.

In the Senate, there are the Foreign Relations Committee, the Armed Services Committee, and the Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee.

The Congress has the power to create, eliminate, or restructure executive branch agencies and to approve and disapprove all treaties between the United States and foreign countries.

Congress has broad authority to conduct investigations into particular foreign policy or national security concerns.

Açıklama:

The U.S. Congress
In foreign policy matters, among the most important functions of Congress is the power to declare war.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 55

Which of the followings is a feature of The Department of State?

It has three subordinate military departments - the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, and the Department of the Air Force.

It is the president’s principal forum for considering national security and foreign policy matters with his senior national security advisors and cabinet officials.

It guides U.S. participation in major international financial institutions, including the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund.

Its primary responsibility is to staff diplomatic missions abroad and carry out the directives of the president in diplomacy.

It plays an important role in protecting U.S. national interests and extending American power around the globe.

Açıklama:

THE BUREAUCRACY
The department’s primary responsibility is to staff diplomatic missions abroad and carry out the directives of the president in diplomacy.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 56

Which of the following statements is not true about The National Security Council (NSC)?

It is the president’s principal forum for considering national security and foreign policy matters with his senior national security advisors and cabinet officials.

It was created under President Truman in 1947.

It plays an important role in protecting U.S. national interests and extending American power around the globe.

It is chaired by the president, and its regular attendees (both statutory and non-statutory).

When appropriate, its members can also invite the Chief of Staff to the President, Counsel to the President, and the Assistant to the President for Economic Policy, and heads of other executive departments and agencies to their meetings.

Açıklama:

The National Security Council (NSC)
The Department of Treasury plays an important role in protecting U.S. national interests and extending American power around the globe.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 57

Which of the followings is the main function of think tanks in U.S. foreign policy?

To influence political agenda.

To seek to directly or indirectly influence their government’s foreign policy about an issue or toward different states.

To carry out and oversee covert action at the behest of the President.

To produce ideas and advice for foreign policy decision makers specifically based on research and informed judgment

To help designate terrorist- related entities and the blocking of their assets.

Açıklama:

SECONDARY ACTORS AND INSTITUTIONS IN U.S. FOREIGN POLICY MAKING
Think tanks, which are independent policy research institution, have helped shape U.S. global engagement. The main function of think tanks in U.S. foreign policy is to “think” and to produce ideas and advice for foreign policy decision makers specifically based on research and informed judgment (Little 2016)

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 58

Which of the followings was one of the main pillars of the U.S’s response to the increasing power of the Soviet Union, not only in Europe but also in the Middle East?

Truman Doctrine

Eisenhower Doctrine

Monroe Doctrine

Nixon Doctrine

Reagan Doctrine

Açıklama:

U.S. FOREIGN POLICY DOCTRINES AND INSTRUMENTS
The 1947 Truman Doctrine was one of the main pillars of the U.S’s response to the increasing power of the Soviet Union, not only in Europe but also in the Middle East.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 59

Which of the followings advocated preventing terrorism through active intervention in foreign countries, including pressuring or even invading foreign countries and using military force against terrorists where they live and train?

Monroe Doctrine

Carter Doctrine

Reagan Doctrine

Bush Doctrine

Truman Doctrine

Açıklama:

U.S. FOREIGN POLICY DOCTRINES AND INSTRUMENTS
The Bush Doctrine advocated preventing terrorism through active intervention in foreign countries, including pressuring or even invading foreign countries and using military force against terrorists where they live and train. The doctrine also advocated maintaining an omnipotent military.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 60

Which of the followings is not one of the foreign policy instruments that the United States use?

Diplomacy

Alliances and international organizations

Economic aid and sanctions

Military force

Conspiracy theories

Açıklama:

US Foreign Policy Instruments
There are four important foreign policy instruments that the United States use. These are diplomacy, alliances and international organizations, economic aid and sanctions, and military force.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 61

Which of the following is the best option to complete the sentence below?
' ____________ refers to a policy of the U.S. remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, especially the political affairs of other countries.'

Isolationism

Containment

Preemption

Intelligence

Security

Açıklama:

Since the 19th century, three particular ways of thinking became significant in U.S. foreign policy. Specifically, the policies of isolationism, containment, and deterrence guided U.S. actions around the world, especially during the Cold War era. Isolationism refers to a policy of the U.S. remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, especially the political affairs of other countries. In a sense, this policy aimed at ensuring U.S. aloofness when it comes to international power struggles. The Monroe Doctrine, enunciated in 1823 by President James Monroe, became the cornerstone of this policy. With the end of World War I, but especially World War II, the twin policies of containment and deterrence provided the guiding principles of the foreign policy of the U.S.A.
'Isolationism refers to a policy of the U.S. remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, especially the political affairs of other countries' is the whole sentence. Therefore, the correct choice is A.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 62

Which of the following foreign policy instruments explains Donald Trump's aims to encourage consumers to buy American products by making imported goods more expensive raising the tariffs?

Intelligence gathering

Trade

Sanctions

Foreign aid

Multilateral diplomacy

Açıklama:

In addition to the policies of isolationism, containment, and deterrence which guided U.S. actions around the world over the past two centuries, successive U.S. administrations have used the basic tools of foreign policy, including bilateral and multilateral diplomacy, intelligence gathering, trade, sanctions, and foreign aid.
The basic tools of foreign policy are bilateral and multilateral diplomacy, intelligence gathering, trade, sanctions, and foreign aid. Tariffs are related to trade policy. Therefore, the correct choice is B.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 63

Within how much time is the President required to notify the U.S. Congress of committing armed forces to military action under the War Powers Resolution?

12 Hours

24 Hours

36 Hours

48 Hours

A week

Açıklama:

Under the War Powers Resolution, the president is required to notify Congress within 48 hours of committing armed forces to military action. Thus the president can, under certain circumstances, gain congressional authorization after the fact. An example of this would be when President Ronald Reagan received the necessary approval from Congress after he sent U.S. military forces to invade Grenada in 1983.
Under the War Powers Resolution, the president is required to notify Congress within 48 hours of committing armed forces to military action. Therefore, the correct choice is D.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 64

Which of the following is the practical way preferred by the President, when making agreements with other states, rather than having the difficulty of achieving 'supermajority' (a two-thirds vote) at the Senate?

Think tanks

An executive agreement

A congressional authorization

Military force

Sanctions

Açıklama:

According to Article II of the U.S. Constitution any international treaty negotiated with foreign states must be submitted by the president to the Senate and approved by a 2/3 vote. However, due to the difficulty of achieving this “supermajority,” presidents sometimes prefer a different type of agreement with other nations - an executive agreement.
An executive agreement is similar to a treaty in the sense that it has the force of law, but it requires only a majority vote (50 percent plus 1) in both the Senate and the House. Therefore, the correct choice is B.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 65

Which of the following was the active organ of the U.S. Congress in the passage of the Truman Doctrine in 1947 and the Marshall Plan in 1948?

The Foreign Relations Committee

The Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee

The Armed Services Committee

Central Intelligence Agency

National Security Council

Açıklama:

Congress also approves of basic budget for defense and other foreign policy programs and partakes in important foreign policy decisions. In the Senate, there are the Foreign Relations Committee, the Armed Services Committee, and the Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee. In the House, there are the Foreign Affairs and Homeland Security Committee and the Armed Services Committee.
Throughout its history, the Foreign Relations Committee of the Senate has considered, debated, and reported on important treaties and legislation, ranging from the purchase of Alaska in 1867 to the establishment of the United Nations in 1945.
The Foreign Relations Committee of the Senate was instrumental in the rejection of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919 and 1920, and in the passage of the Truman Doctrine in 1947 and the Marshall Plan in 1948. Therefore, the correct choice is A.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 66

Which of the following was created by the Congress right after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001?

The Foreign Relations Committee

The Central Intelligence Agency

The National Security Act

The Department of Homeland Security

National Security Council

Açıklama:

In addition to 'regulating commerce with foreign nations,' 'declaring war,' 'raising and support armies,' 'providing and maintaining a navy,' and 'making rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces' (the U.S. Constitution), the Congress has the power to create, eliminate, or restructure executive branch agencies and to approve and disapprove all treaties between the United States and foreign countries.
Congress passed the National Security Act of 1947, which established the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and National Security Council. Most recently, following the 9/11 attacks, Congress created the Department of Homeland Security.
Most recently, following the 9/11 attacks, Congress created the Department of Homeland Security. Therefore, the correct choice is D.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 67

Which of the following was included between the regular attendees of the National Security Council after 9/11 attacks?

Secretary of Treasury

Secretary of Defense

The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

Secretary of State

Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security

Açıklama:

The National Security Council (NSC) is the president’s principal forum for considering national security and foreign policy matters with his senior national security advisors and cabinet officials. The NSC was created under President Truman in 1947, and since then, the Council’s two main functions have been to advise and assist the President on national security and foreign policies and to serve as the president’s main arm for coordinating these policies among various government agencies.
The NSC is chaired by the president, and its regular attendees (both statutory and non-statutory) include the vice president, the secretaries of State, Treasury and Defense, and the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs. Since 9/11, secretary of the new Department of Homeland Security and the director of national intelligence are also added to the list of NSC members.
Since 9/11, secretary of the new Department of Homeland Security and the director of national intelligence are also added to the list of NSC members. Therefore, the correct choice is E.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 68

Which of the following is authorized by law to carry out and oversee covert action at the behest of the President?

The National Security Council

The Department of Defense

The Central Intelligence Agency

The Department of Homeland Security

The House of Representatives

Açıklama:

The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), created in 1947, is tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence. The CIA is the only agency authorized by law to carry out and oversee covert action at the behest of the President. The agency’s main goals are; to preempt threats and further US national security objectives by collecting intelligence that matters, producing objective all-source analysis, conducting effective covert action as directed by the President, and safeguarding the secrets that help keep the United States safe.
The Agency reports to the Director of National Intelligence, who is responsible not only for evaluating intelligence related to the national security and for providing appropriate dissemination of such intelligence but also for creating a vision for the overall direction for and coordination of the collection of national<
The CIA is the only agency authorized by law to carry out and oversee covert action whenever the President asks. Therefore, the correct choice is C.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 69

Which of the following Think Tanks is well known by hawkish foreign policy orientation that is based on Conservative views?

The Brookings Institution

The Center for American Progress

The RAND Corporation

The Center for Strategic and International Studies.

The Heritage Foundation

Açıklama:

Think tanks, which are independent policy research institution, have helped shape U.S. global engagement. The main function of think tanks in U.S. foreign policy is to “think” and to produce ideas and advice for foreign policy decision makers specifically based on research and informed judgment. Think tanks also provide policy advocacy. In performing this function, think tanks advance specific policies that are usually based on their policy disposition, political convictions or material interests. Among the most significant U.S. think tanks who supply experts are the Brookings Institution, the RAND Corporation, and the Center for Strategic and International Studies. For example, whereas the Heritage Foundation advocates a hawkish foreign policy orientation that is based on Conservative views, the Center for American Progress favors diplomacy and multilateralism, which are the foreign policy instruments the Democratic Party prefers to utilize in conduction U.S. foreign policy.
The Heritage Foundation advocates a hawkish foreign policy orientation that is based on Conservative views. Therefore, the correct choice is E.

Doğru Cevap: E

Liberal internationalism is best encapsulated in whose famous phrase, “the world must be made safe for democracy”?

Thomas Jefferson

George Washington

Alexander Hamilton

Woodrow Wilson

Andrew Jackson

Açıklama:

Wilsonianism’s core feature is the belief of its proponents in the benevolent nature of American power. They argue that the American military, political, and economic power can and should be used to promote democracy and liberal values abroad. They argue that the best way to ensure American security and prosperity is to create an international system that is populated by states that share similar values and institutions like the United States. This liberal internationalism is best encapsulated in Woodrow Wilson’s famous phrase, “the world must be made safe for democracy” when he declared war on Germany in 1917 (Wilson 1917). Wilsonianism and internationalism in their different variations have been the dominant foreign policy traditions since the end of the Second World War.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 4

Unlike Wilsonians, they also oppose the use of American military power to promote democracy and liberal values abroad.
Who are they?

Jacksonians

Hamiltonians

Jeffersonians

Wilsonians

Exceptionalists

Açıklama:

The second is named after President Andrew Jackson. The Jacksonians are populist nationalists who argue in favor of a muscular foreign policy and strong military to defend American interests. However, unlike Hamiltonians who are in favor of strong relations between business and the federal government, Jacksonians are distrustful of business elites and are only willing to use American military might to defend the homeland rather than pursue commercial interests abroad. Unlike Wilsonians, they also oppose the use of American military power to promote democracy and liberal values abroad.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 5

No more colonization in the Western Hemisphere by European powers, and therefore there should be no re-conquest of the Latin American republics that declared independence.
Non-intervention by European powers in the Western Hemisphere in internal affairs of the newly-established republics.
In return, the US promises not to interfere in European relations.

Which of the aboves are the major principles of the Monroe Doctrine?

Only I

Only II

I, II

II, III

I, II, III

Açıklama:

The Monroe Doctrine was a response to fear of re-conquest of Latin America by European powers. The major principles of the Monroe Doctrine are as follows:

First, no more colonization in the Western Hemisphere by European powers, and therefore there should be no re-conquest of the Latin American republics that declared independence.
Second, non-intervention by European powers in the Western Hemisphere in internal affairs of the newly established republics.
Third, in return, the US promises not to interfere in European relations.
Lastly, the principle of non-transference between European powers of colonies in the Western Hemisphere. In other words, no more trading colonies between the European powers.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 6

Which land deals that expanded the United States is true?

The Florida Purchase in 1819 from France

The annexation of Texas in 1845 prior to the Mexican-American War in 1846

The Oregon Treaty in 1846 with Spain in which present-day states of Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and portions of Montana and Wyoming are ceded to the United States

The purchase of Alaska in 1995 from Russia

The Annexation of Cuba in 1898

Açıklama:

The Louisiana Purchase was the first of several important land acquisitions that the United States carried out throughout the nineteenth century and into the twentieth. The other notable land deals that expanded the United States are:

the Florida Purchase in 1819 from Spain,
the annexation ofTexas in 1845 prior to the Mexican-American War in 1846,
the Oregon Treaty in 1846 with Britain in which present-day states of Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and portions of Montana and Wyoming are ceded to the United States,
Mexican cession in 1848 to the United States that includes all of the present-day states of California, Nevada, and Utah, as well as portions of Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Wyoming,
the purchase of Alaska in 1867 from Russia,
the Annexation of Hawaii in 1898.

Doğru Cevap: B

Whose policy is the Big Stick Diplomacy?

Theodore Roosevelt

Andrew Jackson

Woodrow Wilson

Thomas Jefferson

George Washington

Açıklama:

Theodore Roosevelt’s Big Stick diplomacy is also known as the “Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine”. While the Monroe Doctrine was a passive US policy toward foreign powers in the Western hemisphere based only on rhetoric, President Roosevelt’s big stick policy signaled the US willingness to become a policeman of the region and its resolve to go to war with the imperial powers overseas. Although it was viewed as a diplomatic document couched in political and military jargon, the Roosevelt Corollary had Hamiltonian economic rationale, too. The Roosevelt Corollary of 1904 stated that the US would intervene as a last resort to ensure that other nations in the Western Hemisphere fulfilled their obligations to international creditors and did not violate commercial rights of the United States. That said, in the long term, the Roosevelt Corollary played lesser role in regulating the relations between the Western Hemisphere and Europe, yet the corollary did serve as a policy instrument for American intervention in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 11

Who advocated that a strong federal government at home that focused on industrial development in alliance with England is required?

Alexander Hamilton

Thomas Jefferson

George Washington

Woodrow Wilson

Andrew Jackson

Açıklama:

Hamilton believed that the US was destined to be the dominant power in the Western Hemisphere, but it was weak for the moment and therefore this weakness should necessitate the US to stay out of European wars and focus on domestic development. Hamilton argued that this required a strong federal government at home that focused on industrial development in alliance with England.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 12

Which of the following president of U.S. pursued a pro-French foreign policy?

George Washington

John Adams

Thomas Jefferson

James Madison

James Monroe

Açıklama:

Thomas Jefferson also was suspicious of the alliance between commerce and industry. He was an idealist and pursued a pro-French foreign policy.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 13

Which of the following president of U.S. argued that the United States should have no permanent alliances but develop commercial ties with all?

George Washington

Thomas Jefferson

James Monroe

Andrew Jackson

William Henry Harrison

Açıklama:

Washington argued that the United States should have no permanent alliances but develop commercial ties with all.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 14

Which of the following president of U.S. saw the U.S. as the center of liberty in the world and equated American interests with the interests of the world?

George Washington

Thomas Jefferson

James Monroe

Andrew Jackson

William Henry Harrison

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 15

Which of the following refers to the idea of land expansion across the North American continent?

The empire of liberty

Shining city upon a hill

American exceptionalism

Isolationism

Preemption

Açıklama:

Jefferson was a very strong proponent of land expansion across the North American continent, which he termed “the empire of liberty".

Doğru Cevap: A

I. No more colonization in the Western Hemisphere by European powers, and therefore there should be no re-conquest of the Latin American republics that declared independence.
II. Non-intervention by European powers in the Western Hemisphere in internal affairs of the newly-established republics
III. Third, in return, the US promises not to interfere in European relations.
IV. Lastly, the principle of non-transference between European powers of colonies in the Western Hemisphere. In other words, no more trading colonies between the European powers.
Which ones above are among the major principles of the Monroe Doctrine?

I and II

II and III

I and III

I, II and III

I, II, III and IV

Açıklama:

The Monroe Doctrine was a response to fear of re-conquest of Latin America by European powers. The major principles of the Monroe Doctrine are as follows:

First, no more colonization in the Western Hemisphere by European powers, and therefore there should be no re-conquest of the Latin American republics that declared independence.
Second, non-intervention by European powers in the Western Hemisphere in internal affairs of the newly-established republics.
Third, in return, the US promises not to interfere in European relations.
Lastly, the principle of non-transference between European powers of colonies in the Western Hemisphere. In other words, no more trading colonies between the European powers.

The correct answer is E.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 26

Which one below is NOT a result of the Spanish-American War of 1898?

It led to the establishment of a formal colonial empire with the purchase of the Philippines,Guam, and Puerto Rico from Spain

It led to the annexation of Texas.

It also led to the creation of protectorates in the Caribbean, most importantly in Cuba

It led to the annexation of Hawaii.

The Spanish-American War also led the way for the informal empire of Theodore Roosevelt, which was based on trade and American economic might particularly in Central America and in the Caribbean.

Açıklama:

Which US President believed that it is the destiny of the United States and a God-given right to spread across the North American continent and create “the empire of liberty.”?

Thomas Jefferson

John Adams

James Madison

James Monroe

Andrew Jackson

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: A

Which of the options below is NOT true about 'The war of 1812'?

It was militarily a draw.

It created many advantages for the US

No territories changed hand after the war

The Treaty of Ghent in 1815 ratified the border before the war.

The relations between Britain and the US remained hostile for a long time after it.

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 37

During the Civil War, which European country sided with the South and embarked on providing the Confederacy forces with military and economic aid?

Britain

France

Italy

Germany

Spain

Açıklama:

The Civil War was not confined to the American territories as the Great Britain sided with the South and embarked on providing the Confederacy forces with military and economic aid. Also, the crises over the British-flagged warships (e.g., the Trent, the Alabama, and the Florida) complicated Unionists’ diplomatic efforts, which could lead to a British- Union war as well as to Britain’s swift recognition of the Confederacy government in the south.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 38

Which of the below is WRONG about the Spanish-American War of 1898?

Before the war, American battleship USS Maine was sunk.

Spain declared war on US on April 24.

The war ended with the surrender of the Spanish forces in Cuba.

Signed on December 10, 1989, the Treaty of Paris officially terminated the Spanish- American War.

It led to the detachment of Hawaii from the US.

Açıklama:

The Spanish-American War of 1898 is crucial and it is a turning point in American foreign policy. First, it led to the establishment of a formal colonial empire with the purchase of the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico from Spain. It led to the annexation of Hawaii. It also led to the creation of protectorates in the Caribbean, most importantly in Cuba. The Spanish-American War also led the way for the informal empire of Theodore Roosevelt. This informal empire was based on trade and American economic might particularly in Central America and in the Caribbean. Both the formal and informal empire enabled the United States to have military bases in the Pacific to be able to play a significant role in opening up the Chinese market, which led to the open door policy of 1899, and argue against the creation of exclusive spheres of influence in Asia.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 39

Following the assassination of President McKinley, who assumed the highest office in the United States?

William McKinley

William Howard Taft

Woodrow Wilson

Theodore Roosevelt

Warren Harding

Açıklama:

Following the assassination of President McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt assumed the highest office in the United States. Distinct from most of his predecessors, Roosevelt had imperialist tendencies. Historian Severine Antigone Marin (2012:122) compares President Roosevelt to Germany’s Kaiser Wilhelm because both leaders had domineering personalities and were obsessed with big armies and believed in strong state both at home and abroad.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 40

What made Roosevelt the recipient of the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize?

His personal efforts to mediate the end of the Russo-Japanese War.

His imperial desires.

His dominating personality.

His similarity to Kaiser Wilhelm.

His interests in the Pacific expansion.

Açıklama:

Mowry (1946) argues that President Roosevelt led the mediation masterfully and did an “excellent job of balancing Russian and Japanese power in the Orient, where the supremacy of either constituted a threat to growing America.” His personal efforts to mediate the end of the Russo-Japanese War made Roosevelt the recipient of the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize. Roosevelt furthered his arbitration efforts when he played a key role in ending the war between France and Germany in 1906 by convening the Algeciras Conference following the First Moroccan Crisis. Given his famous “big stick diplomacy” and avowed imperial ambitions towards Latin America, President Roosevelt’s late mediation efforts and his reception of the Nobel Peace Prize present an irony of American foreign policy under the Roosevelt administration.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 41

Which of the following is not one of the four basic ideas shared by America's founding fathers?

American society was mostly made up of European settlers, it was also distinct from Europe

USA has unique geographic advantage of being far away from Europe so ıt should pursue a policy of non-involvement in European affairs

USA should be a "shining city upon a hill", a beacon of hope for the rest of the world to look up and emulate

The United States has not a God-given mission, a "manifest destiny" to expand across the North American continent

It establishes an exemplary republic

Açıklama:

United States has a God-given mission, ıt is not to say that has not GOd-given mission ! That's way correct answer is D

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 42

According to Jefferson, What two values are the foundation of the Empire Of Liberty?

Republicanism-Democracy

Liberty-Democracy

Liberty-Republicanism

Democracy-Independent

Liberty-Federalization

Açıklama:

The basis of this "empire of liberty" (Wood 2009), according to Jefferson, is republicanism and democracy. The correct answer is A.

Doğru Cevap: A

Which of the following countries is one of the countries that the United States took from Spain after the 1898 American-Spanish War?

Dominique Republic

Puerto Rico

Texas

Haiti

Alaska

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 50

Wilsonian tradition in American foreign policy was based on......... and..........
Which of the policies specified in the following options should be included in the spaces above?

Fraternity- Democracy

Independent-Peace

Morality-Restraint

Morality-Liberty

Peace-Liberty

Açıklama:

Wilsonian tradition in American foreign policy was based on morality and
restraint. The correct answer is C.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 51

Which of the following Presidents anticipated that the destiny of the United States as a God-given right was to spread across the North American continent and create 'the empire of liberty'?

Thomas Jefferson

Abraham Lincoln

John Adams

John Quincy Adams

Theodore Roosevelt

Açıklama:

The basis of 'empire of liberty', according to Jefferson, is republicanism and democracy. The United States, Jefferson believed, is in a unique position having been “trusted with the destinies of this solitary republic of the world, the only monument of human rights, and the sole depository of the sacred fire of freedom and self-government, from hence it is to be lighted up in other regions of the earth, if other areas of the earth shall ever become susceptible of its benign influence” (Jefferson 1809).
The notion of manifest destiny is that it is the destiny of the United States and a God-given right to spread across the North American continent and create what Thomas Jefferson called 'the empire of liberty'. Therefore, the correct choice is A.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 52

Which of the following is NOT one of the four main ideas America’s Founding Fathers shared that guided American foreign policy throughout the century?

The United States should be a 'shining city upon a hill', a sign of hope for the rest of the world to look up and imitate.

The United States should promote the revolutionary acts in Europe, intertwine with the new governments and should have permanent alliances with them.

As the United States was far away from Europe it should follow a policy of non-involvement in European affairs and should not be entangled in European alliances.

The United States has a God-given mission, a 'manifest destiny' to expand across the North American continent and establish an exemplary republic.

American society was mostly made up of European settlers, however it was also distinct from Europe, a new nation in the New World.

Açıklama:

America’s Founding Fathers shared four main ideas, which they envisioned should guide American foreign policy for the long haul. First, although American society was mostly made up of European settlers, it was also distinct from Europe, a new nation in the New World. Second, given its distinctiveness and unique geographic advantage of being far away from Europe, the United States should pursue a policy of non-involvement in European affairs and should not be entangled in European alliances. Third, the United States should be a “shining city upon a hill”, a beacon of hope for the rest of the world to look up and emulate. Lastly, the United States has a God-given mission, a “manifest destiny” to expand across the North American continent and establish an exemplary republic.
Promoting the revolutionary acts in Europe was not one of the four main ideas of America’s Founding Fathers shared. Therefore, the correct choice is B.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 53

In the early years, which of the following politicians believed that the US should have a strong federal government at home, focus on industrial expansion and develop a strong navy to protect American interests abroad?

Woodrow Wilson

George Washington

Theodore Roosevelt

Alexander Hamilton

Thomas Jefferson

Açıklama:

In the early years, two rival factions dominated the United States foreign policy and the kind of foreign policy the United States should pursue. These factions were gathered around Thomas Jefferson, on one hand, and Alexander Hamilton, on the other hand.
Hamilton believed that the US was destined to be the dominant power in the Western Hemisphere, but it was weak for the moment and therefore this weakness should necessitate the US to stay out of European wars and focus on domestic development.
Hamilton argued that this required a strong federal government at home that focused on industrial development in alliance with England in order to support American commerce abroad and the development of a strong navy to protect American interests.
Alexander Hamilton believed the necessity of a strong federal government, industrial development and a strong navy to protect the rights of the US abroad. Therefore, the correct choice is D.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 54

Which of the following Presidents strongly believed that American military, political, and economic power should be used to promote democracy and liberal values abroad and said 'the world must be made safe for democracy' when he declared war on Germany in 1917?

George Washington

Woodrow Wilson

John Quincy Adams

Theodore Roosevelt

Thomas Jefferson

Açıklama:

Wilsonianism’s (President Woodrow Wilson's) core feature is the belief of its proponents in the benevolent nature of American power. They argue that the American military, political, and economic power can and should be used to promote democracy and liberal values abroad.
This liberal internationalism is best encapsulated in Woodrow Wilson’s famous phrase, “the world must be made safe for democracy” when he declared war on Germany in 1917. Wilsonianism and internationalism in their different variations have been the dominant foreign policy traditions since the end of the Second World War.
President Woodrow Wilson believed that the best way to ensure American security and prosperity was to create an international system that is populated by states that share similar values and institutions like the United States. Therefore, the correct choice is B.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 55

Which of the following is the best option to complete the sentence below?
'The ____________ are populist nationalists who argue in favor of a muscular foreign policy and strong military to defend American interests.'

Jacksonians

Wilsonians

Adamsonians

Jeffersonians

Hamiltonians

Açıklama:

The Jacksonians are populist nationalists who argue in favor of a muscular foreign policy and strong military to defend American interests. However, unlike Hamiltonians who are in favor of strong relations between business and the federal government, Jacksonians are distrustful of business elites and are only willing to use American military might to defend the homeland rather than pursue commercial interests abroad. Unlike Wilsonians, they also oppose the use of American military power to promote democracy and liberal values abroad.
'The Jacksonians are populist nationalists who argue in favor of a muscular foreign policy and strong military to defend American interests' is the whole sentence. Therefore, the correct choice is A.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 56

Which of the following is the best option to complete the sentence below?
'America First' policy, which is suspicious of alliances and foreign interventions, represented in the populist-nationalism of President Donald Trump has its origin in the ___________ tradition.'

Hamiltonian

Jeffersonian

Jacksonian

Wilsonian

Adamsonian

Açıklama:

The Jacksonian tradition is best thought of as an expression of strong American nationalism that does not shy away from using military power to advance American interests. This “America First” policy that is suspicious of alliances and foreign interventions is now represented in the populist-nationalism of President Donald Trump.
The populist-nationalism which is represented in President Donald Trump's 'America First' policy has its origins in the Jacksonian tradition. Therefore, the correct choice is C.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 57

Which of the following land acquisitions doubled the size of the United States and made both Jefferson’s and Hamilton’s dream come true because of its rich resources and ensuring that no rival power would emerge on the North American continent?

The Oregon Treaty

The Florida Purchase

The Louisiana Purchase

The annexation of Texas

The purchase of Alaska

Açıklama:

Jefferson engaged in one of the most important land deals in the US history when he purchased the Louisiana territory in 1803 from France, which effectively doubled the size of the United States.
The Louisiana Purchase made both Jefferson’s and Hamilton’s dream come true. It made Jefferson’s dream come true because it enabled the United States to be free from European interference and ensure that no rival power would emerge on the North American continent. However, it also made Hamilton’s dream of the United States as the primary power in the Western Hemisphere come true because of the resources that this purchase made available to the United States.
The Louisiana Purchase in 1803 from France doubled the size of the United States. Therefore, the correct choice is C.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 58

Which of the following is one of the consequences of the War of 1812 between The US and Britain?

The Treaty of Ghent in 1815 changed the borders and Britain gained more land in the North American continent.

The US won the war and Britain had to withdraw many of its troops from the North American continent.

Many territories changed hands after the War of 1812 and the westward expansion plans failed since Native Americans gained large amount of land.

The relations between Britain and the United States had never been the same and there were great major border disputes.

Native American threat from the north and west was eliminated as Britain stopped supporting Native Americans against the United States.

Açıklama:

The war of 1812 was militarily a draw and Washington D.C. was burned down in 1814, but politically it created many advantages for the United States. In other words, the US did not win the war, but it won the peace. No territories changed hands. The Treaty of Ghent in 1815 ratified the border before the war. The relations between Britain and the United States remained peaceful afterwards, with the exception of occasional tensions and minor border disputes. As a result of the peace agreement after the War of 1812, Native American threat from the north and west was eliminated as Britain stopped supporting Native Americans against the United States. The United States gained the respect of the British and other European powers by demonstrating that it can protect its interests on the battlefield and it was recognized as a major power in the Americas by the European powers. Referred
Britain didn't support Native Americans against the United States after the War of 1812. Therefore, the correct choice is E.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 59

Which of the following events led the way for the informal empire of Theodore Roosevelt that was based on trade and American economic power particularly in Central America and in the Caribbean?

Treaty of Portsmouth

The Florida Purchase in 1819 from Spain

The Civil War 1861-1865

The Mexican-American War 1846-1848

The Spanish-American War of 1898

Açıklama:

The Spanish-American War of 1898 is crucial and it is a turning point in American foreign policy. First, it led to the establishment of a formal colonial empire with the purchase of the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico from Spain. It led to the annexation of Hawaii. It also led to the creation of protectorates in the Caribbean, most importantly in Cuba. The Spanish-American War also led the way for the informal empire of Theodore Roosevelt. This informal empire was based on trade and American economic might particularly in Central America and in the Caribbean. Both the formal and informal empire enabled the United States to have military bases in the Pacific to be able to play a significant role in opening up the Chinese market, which led to the open door policy of 1899, and argue against the creation of exclusive spheres of influence in Asia.
The Spanish-American War led the way for the informal empire of Theodore Roosevelt. Therefore the correct choice is E.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 60

Despite his reelection campaign promises on ethical foreign policy, which of the following Presidents couldn't prevent American involvement in the First World War?

Thomas Jefferson

George Washington

James Monroe

Woodrow Wilson

Theodore Roosevelt

Açıklama:

Germany’s military tactics in the First World War struck Wilson and Americans as morally reprehensible, which also put American free trade with the rest of the world at risk.
Despite his reelection campaign promises on ethical foreign policy, President Wilson could only postpone American involvement in the war. In fact, Wilson’s reluctance to enter the First World War was reflected in Congress, where 56 congressmen cast their votes against the war resolution.
Nevertheless, the resolution for war still passed, and the United States went to war against the wishes of President Wilson and proponents of the Wilsonian tradition in American foreign policy.
Woodrow Wilson’s reluctance to enter the First World War was not enough. Therefore, the correct choice is D.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 61

Which of the following is not one of the American foreign policy traditions?

Hamiltonian

Jeffersonian

Jacksonian

Wilsonian

Monroenian

Açıklama:

America’s Founding Fathers shared four main ideas, which they envisioned should guide American foreign policy for the long haul.
These ideas evolved and transformed over time shaping the four American foreign policy traditions (Hamiltonian, Jeffersonian, Jacksonian, and Wilsonian), with the notion of American exceptionalism always in the background, providing the ideological framework and justification.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 62

Which of the following presidents called the United States as “the empire of liberty?”

Abraham Lincoln

James Monroe

Thomas Jefferson

Theodore Roosevelt

George Washington

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 63

Which of the following documents was published by George Washington

The Farewell Address

The Truman Doctrine

The Federalist Papers

The Open Door Note

The Declaration of Independence

Açıklama:

George Washington in his famous farewell address brings these two opposing visions of the United States together and tries to achieve a synthesis.
Washington, in his farewell address, warned against political polarization and factions at home. The farewell address, which is actually a short piece written for a newspaper, was mostly about domestic politics, but it is generally today
remembered as a blueprint of how the United States should proceed with foreign policy.

Doğru Cevap: A

Which of the following notable land deals of the United States was with Russia?

The purchase of India

The Oregon Treaty

The Annexation of Hawaii

The purchase of Alaska

The Florida Purchase

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 68

__________ was the main provider of cotton destined to European capitals until the onset of the Civil War.
Which of the following options correctly completes the sentence above?

The North

The East

The Middle

The West

The South

Açıklama:

The South was the main provider of cotton destined to European capitals until the onset of the Civil War so that President Davis employed “King Cotton Diplomacy” to influence the Anglo-French reaction to the civil war by offering them economic incentives.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 69

The uprising in Cuba against the Spanish suzeraint was the cause of _________ ?
Which of the following options best completes the sentence above?

The American Civil War (1861-1865)

The Spanish-American War of 1898

The Mexican-American War of 1846-1848

The Latin-American War of 1846-1848

The Louisiana Purchase of 1803

Açıklama:

The causes of the 1898 Spanish-American War were the uprising in Cuba against the Spanish suzerainty and the sinking of the American
battleship USS Maine (Chaves 2007).

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 70

Which of the following presidents of the US received the 1906 Nobel Peace?

Woodrow Wilson

George Washington

Theodore Roosevelt

James Monroe

Abraham Lincoln

Açıklama:

His personal efforts to mediate the end of the Russo-Japanese War made Roosevelt the recipient of the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize. Theodore Roosevelt furthered his arbitration efforts when he played a key role in ending the war between France and Germany in 1906 by convening the Algeciras Conference following the First Moroccan Crisis.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 71

Which U.S. President had a liberal world view that eventually led the U.S. to give up on its policy of non-interference in European affairs?

Hamilton

Jefferson

Jackson

Wilson

Roosevelt

Açıklama:

It is possible to talk about four American foreign policy traditions which are Hamiltonian, Jeffersonian, Jacksonian, and Wilsonian in the first hundred years of its existence.
Influenced by the liberal Wilsonian tradition, American foreign policy abandoned one of the founding ideas of noninterference in European wars and decided to enter the First World War following a short-lived period of neutrality.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 72

Which of the statements below is a reflection of President Washington's approach to American foreign policy?

United States should have no permanent alliances but develop commercial ties with all.

A strong federal government at home was a necessity for United States.

United States should be an agrarian republic.

The pursuit of stronger navy to protect American interests abroad is a must.

French revolutionary ideas should be adopted for United States.

Açıklama:

This argument goes against partisanship and ideological attachments in foreign policy and suggests a pragmatic way for the United States to pursue.
Washington argued that United States should have no permanent alliances but develop commercial ties with all.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 73

The Wilsonian tradition or liberal internationalism in its different forms is perhaps the most prominent foreign policy views of United States since the early twentieth century. Which of the statements below cannot be attributed to the Wilsonian tradition?

It favors engagement over unilateralism and isolationism as the grand strategy.

It can be seen as an expression of strong American nationalism that does not shy away from using
military power to advance American interests.

It sees manifest destiny as a God-given right.

It suggests that United States are responsible for spreading American values and ideals beyond its borders.

It considers United States to be a super power with a divine mission.

Açıklama:

This “America First” policy that is suspicious of alliances and foreign interventions is now represented in the populist-nationalism of President Donald Trump.
The Jacksonian tradition is best thought of as an expression of strong American nationalism that does not shy away from using military power to advance American interests.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 74

Which of the events below in the 19th century effectively doubled the size of the United States?

The Florida Purchase

The Oregon Treaty

The Louisiana Purchase

The Annexation of Hawaii

The Purchase of Alaska

Açıklama:

It also ensured that no rival power would emerge on the North American continent unlike in Europe.
Jefferson engaged in one of the most important land deals in the US history when he purchased the Louisiana territory in 1803 from France, which effectively doubled the size of the United States.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 75

I. The U.S. emerged as the primary power in the Western Hemisphere.
II. The U.S. began to control an area of rich resources.
III. The U.S. grew to be an industrial and a commercial giant.
IV. The U.S. ended The Mexican-American War with the purchase.
Which of the above can be seen as a result/results of The Louisiana Purchase?

I, II

II, III

I, III, IV

I, II, IV

I, II, III

Açıklama:

The Louisiana Purchase was the first of several important land acquisitions that the United States carried out throughout the nineteenth century and into the twentieth.
The Mexicn-American War was ended with the advent of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which led Mexico to cede 1.36 million square kilometers of its territory to the US.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 76

Which of the below is true about The war of 1812?

The U.S. won the war.

It was fought against France.

The U.S. had to cede some territories to Europeans.

The peace agreement eliminated Native American threat from the north and west.

The U.S. lost the respect of Britain and other European powers.

Açıklama:

The United States gained the respect of the British and other European powers by demonstrating that it can protect its interests on the battlefield and it was recognized as a major power in the Americas by the European powers.
As a result of the peace agreement after the War of 1812, Native American threat from the north and west was eliminated as Britain stopped supporting Native Americans against the United States.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 77

Which of the below cannot be said about the U.S. foreign policy during the American Civil War?

Lincoln adopted an escalatory tone in his foreign policy.

The Confederacy relied mostly on softer means in its diplomacy.

President Davis offered Britain and France economic incentives.

Britain and France were warned by Lincoln against a diplomatic recognition of the Confederacy.

The Confederacy forces were on the side of French intervention in the Civil War.

Açıklama:

Unlike Great Britain, however, France pursued ambivalent diplomacy towards the American civil war and remained officially neutral throughout the civil war.
Both the Confederacy and Union forces considered a threat of intervention from France that would tip the scale on the ground as France’s Napoleon III had his own imperial designs envisaging Mexico as a bridgehead for reestablishing French dominion in the continent.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 78

I. Purchase of Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico from Spain
II. The annexation of Hawaii
III. The creation of protectorates in the Caribbean
IV. Emergence of the U.S as an informal empire based on trade and ecenomic might.
Which of the above can be seen as results of the Spanish-American War?

I, III, IV

I, II, III

II, IV

III, IV

I, II, III, IV

Açıklama:

The United States were enabled to have military bases in the Pacific to be able to play a significant role in opening up the Chinese market, which led to the open door policy of 1899, and argue against the creation of exclusive spheres of influence in Asia.
All of the developments are results of the Spanish-American War.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 79

Which of the statements below is not true about Roosevelt?

He favored an expansionist foreign policy.

He mediated the end of Russo-Japanese War.

He played a key role in ending the war between France and Germany in 1906.

His approach to foreign politics was called "big stick diplomacy".

He believed in an idealistic foreign policy based on morality, rather than sheer national interests.

Açıklama:

Wilson asserted that the US involvement in other nations’ affairs should happen if only the circumstances escalated to the level of a moral imperative.
Wilson believed in an idealistic foreign policy based on morality, rather than sheer national interests.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 80

I. Balance of power
II. Collective security
III. Open diplomacy
IV. National self-determination
V. Democracy
Which of the above can be seen as elements of a new international order Wilson favoured?

I, II, III

I, III, IV, V

I, II, III, IV

II, III, IV, V

I, II, III, IV, V

Açıklama:

He would push for the creation of a new international organization, the League of Nations, at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 to enshrine these new principles into international law.
Woodrow Wilson would emerge as the chief proponent of a new kind of international order that is based not on balance of power and secret alliances but one that is based on collective security, open diplomacy, national self-determination, and democracy.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 6

Open diplomacy among nations, no secret treaties.
Freedom of the seas, except territorial waters
Free trade; removal of all trade barriers

Which of the above are among Wilson's Fourteen Points?

Only I

Only II

I, II

II, III

I, II, III

Açıklama:

Summary of Wilson’s Fourteen Points
1. Open diplomacy among nations, no secret treaties.
2. Freedom of the seas, except territorial waters
3. Free trade; removal of all trade barriers
4. Disarmament: reducing military build up
5. Anti-colonialism
6. End the invasion of Russia.
7. End the invasion of Belgium.
8. End the Prussian invasion of France.
9. Italy’s national borders must be respected.
10. People of Austria-Hungarian Empire should have “the freest opportunity of autonomous development.”
11. End the invasion of Balkans, respect territorial integrity of Balkan nations.
12. Restore the sovereignty of Turkish portions of the Ottoman Empire, autonomy to others, free passage from Dardanelles.
13. A free and independent Poland with access to the sea.
14. Establish an association of all nations, big and small, respecting the sovereignty of each.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 7

More government involvement in economy and less goods, services, utilities, etc. provided by the private sector
Privatization of previously government owned industries
Deregulations of the markets, banking and finance sectors

Which of the aboves are among the requirements of neoliberalism?

Only II

Only III

II, III

I, III

I, II, III

Açıklama:

Less government involvement in economy and more goods, services, utilities, etc. provided by the private sector
Privatization of previously government owned industries
Deregulations of the markets, banking and finance sectors
Floating exchange rates, convertibility
Elimination of capital controls, welcoming foreign investment

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 8

When did President George W. Bush come to power?

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

Açıklama:

The 43rd President of the United States won a disputed victory against the Democratic candidate Al Gore in 2000 presidential elections. While Al Gore won the popular vote, George W. Bush won the Electoral College vote. This result was due to a very slim (less than 700 votes) margin in the state of Florida, which came after multiple rounds of recount.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 9

Which president's slogan is that "Make America Great Again"?

George H. W. Bush

Bill Clinton

George W. Bush

Barack Obama

Donald Trump

Açıklama:

The “tariff wars” triggered by President Trump resemble a protectionist and isolationist doctrine. His election slogan “Make America Great Again” can also be interpreted as a protectionist and isolationist motto. However, it is difficult to gauge his legacy when he is still in power and is willing to make drastic changes in his own foreign policy initiatives.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 10

The term, used in political psychology, refers to the processes of reasoning in decision making. Instead of finding the optimum or the best solution to a problem, settling for the “good enough” option.
What is the concept mentioned above?

Sanctions

Satisficing

Deterrence

Containment

Primary

Açıklama:

Containment: US foreign policy adopted in late 1940s against the rising powers of the Soviet Union. It tried to curb the expansion of the Soviet influence and socialism at military, political, economic and ideological levels.
Deterrence: Having a credible threat to punish a potential aggressor if they take a negative action.
Primary: Elections within the party to select the nominees for the upcoming elections. Candidates need to run against the candidates from their own party and win the primaries first, in order to compete for political office.
Sanctions: A tool of statecraft, frequently involving economic measures such as asset freezes and trade restrictions, or visa and travel restrictions. Used to exact a certain behavior or outcome from another party. The U.S. and EU sanctions against Russian companies and individuals that aim to encourage Russia to end its interference in Ukraine are an example.
Satisficing: The term, used in political psychology, refers to the processes of reasoning in decision making. Instead of finding the optimum or the best solution to a problem, settling for the “good enough” option.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 11

Which president of U.S. suggested that temporary alliances were fine but in the long run, permanent alliances were not in the interests of the new nation?

George Washington

Thomas Jefferson

Andrew Jackson

Abraham Lincoln

Theodore Roosevelt

Açıklama:

For President Washington, temporary alliances were fine but in the long run, permanent alliances were not in the interests of the new nation.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 12

Which of the following president of U.S. was a naval commander before his presidency and he was astrong advocate of US expansionism?

George Washington

Abraham Lincoln

Theodore Roosevelt

Woodrow Wilson

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Açıklama:

President Theodore Roosevelt, who served for two terms from 1901 to 1909, was a strong advocate of US expansionism. He was a naval commander before his presidency.

Doğru Cevap: C

right to national self-determination
making the world safe for democracy
a just and lasting peace

Who does above expressions belong to?

Abraham Lincoln

Grover Cleveland

Theodore Roosevelt

Woodrow Wilson

Herbert Hoover

Açıklama:

He provided the lexicon of international relations with numerous famous expressions, such as “right to national self-determination, “making the world safe for democracy”, and “a just and lasting peace.”

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 18

Establishing a League of Nations was among the top priorities of President ... .

Herbert Hoover

Woodrow Wilson

Theodore Roosevelt

Abraham Lincoln

John F. Kennedy

Açıklama:

Wilson is considered an idealist president, for having his moral values direct his foreign policy agenda. He valued peace, prosperity and democracy in the world. He wanted to promote international law and institutions to facilitate these goals. Among his top priorities was establishing a League of Nations.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 19

Which of the following is one of the Wilson’s Fourteen Points?

Colonialism

No diplomacy among nations, secret treaties.

Increase military build up

Alliance with Russia

Freedom of the seas, except territorial waters

Açıklama:

1. Open diplomacy among nations, no secret treaties. 2. Freedom of the seas, except territorial waters 3. Free trade; removal of all trade barriers 4. Disarmament: reducing military build up 5. Anti-colonialism 6. End the invasion of Russia. 7. End the invasion of Belgium. 8. End the Prussian invasion of France. 9. Italy’s national borders must be respected. 10. People of Austria-Hungarian Empire should have “the freest opportunity of autonomous development.” 11. End the invasion of Balkans, respect territorial integrity of Balkan nations. 12. Restore the sovereignty of Turkish portions of the Ottoman Empire, autonomy to others, free passage from Dardanelles. 13. A free and independent Poland with access to the sea. 14. Establish an association of all nations, big and small, respecting the sovereignty of each.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 20

United States
Costa Rica
Mexico
Canada
Brazil

Which countries are the members of NAFTA?

I, II and III

II, III and IV

III, IV and V

II, IV and V

I, III and IV

Açıklama:

NAFTA is North Atlantic Free Trade Agreement between the U.S., Canada and Mexico in 1994.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 21

......................could be classified as the first official foreign policy doctrine of the United States
Which of the following options should be placed in the empty space above?

The Fourteen Points

Monroe Doctrine

Marshall Plan

Truman Doctrine

Eisenhoover Doctrine

Açıklama:

Monroe Doctrine of 1823 could be classified as the first official foreign policy doctrine of the United State. The correct answer is B

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 22

Between what dates did the American Mexican War take place?

From 1846 to 1848

From 1921 to 1923

From 1776 to 1778

From 1798 to 1800

From 1882 to 1884

Açıklama:

In the Mexican American War of 1846 to 1848, the US effectively claimed half of the Mexican territory as its own. The correct answer is A

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 23

Which of the following U.S. presidents advocated the "preventive war doctrine" that significantly undermined the "just war” principle of International Law?

Lyndon B. Johnson

George W. Bush

Donald J. Trump

John F. Kennedy

Barack Obama

Açıklama:

The correct answer is B

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 24

After which of the following incidents was the "rallying around the flag syndrome" observed?

September 11 terrorist attacks and wars in Afghanistan and Iraq

Renegotiation of NAFTA

Hurricane Katrina

Louisiana Purchase and the purchase of Florida from Spain

Trade wars with China

Açıklama:

The correct answer is A

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 25

Which of the following Latin American country below lost nearly half of its territory to the United States?

Brazil

Mexico

Chile

Cuba

Argentina

Açıklama:

The correct answer is C

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 26

With the George W. Bush government, critical and dissenting voices such as Colin Powell were quickly marginalized and excluded?

Deterrence

Groupthink

Offshore balancing

Realism

Liberal interventionism

Açıklama:

The correct answer is B

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 27

Which of the following politicians achieved a surprise victory during the primaries and became the Presidential candidate of the Republican Party?

Donald Trump

Condoleezza Rice

Madeleine Albright

Hillary Clinton

Bill Clinton

Açıklama:

The correct answer is A

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 28

Which of the following options correctly gives the names of two presidents- the one who passed the NAFTA Agreement and the other who ended NAFTA?

Kennedy and Obama

Johnson and George Bush

Clinton and Trump

Kennedy and Obama

Johnson and Reagan

Açıklama:

The correct answer is C

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 29

President Obama initiated diplomacy and negotiations with two countries that had very hostile relations with the US for decades. Which of the following options correctly give the names of these countries?

India and Brazil

Cuba and Iran

France and Germany

Turkey and Greece

Iraq and Afghanistan

Açıklama:

The correct answer is B

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 30

Which of the following statements is wrong about the US offshore balancing grand strategy?

Effectively preventing the rise of another global hegemon

Supporting military cooperation in Europe and Asia-Pacific

Refraining from large military deployments

Counting on regional allies to reduce the military footprint of the US

Exercising unilateral military power to show the global supremacy of the US

Açıklama:

The correct answer is E

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 31

Which of the following indicates President Washington's intentions about his countries policy in his Farewell address to the American people in 1796?

President Washington was more concerned about domestic issues, such as the unity and harmony of the Union.

Building a democratic nation of small farmers, rather than powerful industrialists was President Washington's biggest devotion.

President Washington warned his country's people of upcoming instability from the southern states .

President Washington's priority was to continue his country's strong relations with Britain.

International matters such as military and strategic alliances were much of President Washington's concern.

Açıklama:

In 1796, President Washington spoke extensively about the importance of unity of the new American nation, during his Farewell address to the American people. He suggested that the Americans should “steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world.” For President Washington, temporary alliances were fine but in the long run, permanent alliances were not in the interests of the new nation.
A general glance at the Farewell address would give the reader the impression that President Washington was more concerned about domestic issues, such as the unity and harmony of the Union, than the international matters such as military and strategic alliances.
President Washington was more concerned about domestic issues, such as the unity and harmony of the Union, than the international matters such as military and strategic alliances. Therefore, the correct choice is A.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 32

Which of the following describes the effects of North American efforts to exclude Europe from the Americas on Latin American countries between 1810 and 1820?

The Latin nations looked up to Britain as a model for basic political institutions.

Many Latin American nations saw the struggle in the US and were happy to be colonized by the Spain.

Latin American countries declared war on North America and wanted to gain more land.

Nationalism decreased among Latin American countries due to the turmoil in North America.

Nationalism soared in Latin America and many Latin American nations declared their independence from Spain.

Açıklama:

The clear North American contempt for the European powers, and efforts to exclude Europe from the Americas earned significant sympathy across the Latin America.
In the early 1800s, Latin America was still colonized by the Spanish and the Portuguese empires. The independence of the United States from Great Britain, and subsequent political regime created in the North appealed to the nationalists in Latin America.
Between 1810 and 1820, when many Latin American nations declared their independence from Spain, they looked up to the US as a model for basic political institutions.
Between 1810 and 1820, when many Latin American nations declared their independence from Spain. Therefore, the correct choice is E.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 33

Which of the following is the best option to complete the sentence below?
'Despite statement of respect for the newly independent nations of the western hemisphere in the Monroe Doctrine, the US claiming half of Mexican territory after the War of 1846 to 1848 unveils the US policy as ____________.'

isolationist

nationalist

asymmetrical

expansionist

interventionist

Açıklama:

Despite the explicit statements of non-intervention in the existing colonies or dependencies of European powers in the Monroe Doctrine, the U.S. actively engaged with the Spanish, and removed them from their colonies in Cuba, Puerto Rico and Philippines.
Political writings at the time also began to legitimize the American expansionism. The editor of Democratic Review magazine summarized the mindset of this period. He disowned any connections to the European legacy. Instead, he highlighted the novelty and moral superiority of the system that was being created in the United States. Freedom and progress were highlighted as the highest values. Yet, the text also contained a missionary spirit, a sense of entitlement to lead the way, and a destiny to rule others, who apparently did not have as superior systems of rule.
In the Mexican American War of 1846 to 1848, the US effectively claimed half of Mexican territory as its own. Soon after these expansionist decisions, it became blatantly obvious that the Monroe Doctrine was nothing but a declaration of U.S. hegemony in the western hemisphere. Therefore, the correct choice is D.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 34

Which of the following is one of the consequences of the Mexican American War of 1846 to 1848?

Texas separated from Mexico and declared itself as an independent Republic.

Louisiana and Florida emerged as two new states from the territory the U.S. took from Mexico.

Mexicans gained nearly half of their national territory.

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo forced all Mexican nationals to move who were living in the US territory.

Rio Grande formed the new border between the US and Mexico.

Açıklama:

President James Polk tried to convince the Mexicans to sell their massive northern territory, but the Mexican leadership did not agree to a sale. The Mexican American War of 1846 to 1848 eventually cost the Mexicans nearly half of their national territory. Eventually, 10 new states emerged from the territory the U.S. took from Mexico: Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, California, Utah, Nevada, Kansas, parts of Colorado, Oklahoma and Wyoming.
After the war, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo had provisions to protect the property and civil rights of Mexican nationals, who were now living in the US territory. Some Mexicans decided to move to the South of Rio Grande, which formed the new border between the US and Mexico. But many ended up staying, despite having a compromised status and less protection as Mexican-Americans.
Rio Grande River became the new border between the US and Mexico. Therefore, the correct choice is E.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 35

Which of the following islands was a Spanish colony the U.S. took control as a result of its expansionist practises towards the end of 1800s?

Haiti

Florida Keys

Puerto Rico

Bermuda

St. Martin

Açıklama:

Towards the end of 1800s (in 1890s), the expansionism of the U.S. became even more visible. The new generation of political leaders were more eager to exercise power not just at home, but also abroad. During this period, the U.S. took control of several Spanish colonies: Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines. In the case of Cuba, the U.S. allegedly helped the Cubans to declare their independence from Spain. However, the Americans placed a clause in the constitution of the newly independent island nation that essentially granted guardianship of the US over Cuba.
The U.S. took control of several Spanish colonies during the 1800's; Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines are some of them. therefore, the correct choice is C.

Doğru Cevap: C

Political atmosphere was more inward looking and isolationist.
The US did not posses a globalist or interventionist foreign policy.
Political texts carried a modest tone.

Which statements are true for the US foreign policy doctrines in the 1800s?

Only I

II and III

I and II

I and III

I, II and III

Açıklama:

In the same speech, President Washington went at length to explain the strength that could come from harmony among the states in this newly-independent nation. He emphasized the complementary nature between the northern states and the southern states and the newly emerging western states. A general glance at the Farewell address would give the reader the impression that President Washington was more concerned about domestic issues, such as the unity and harmony of the Union, than the international matters such as military and strategic alliances. Political texts during the early periods of the Republic carried a modest tone. In fact, as a founding father and the third President, Thomas Jefferson envisioned a democratic nation of small farmers, rather than powerful industrialists, who could serve as the agents of the US power globally. Political atmosphere was more inward looking, isolationist than globalist or interventionist. In 1800, President Jefferson explicitly mentioned the virtues of avoiding “entangling alliances.”

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 43

Which of the founding fathers suggested that the Americans should steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world in his farewell address to the American people in 1796?

George Washington

Thomas Jefferson

James Monroe

James Polk

Theodore Roosevelt

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 44

Which of the following was a result of Napoleon Bonaparte's desire to fund the Napoleonic Wars in 1803?

Louisiana Purchase

The Monroe Doctrine

The Manifest Destiny

The Roosevelt Corollary

Truman Doctrine

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 45

Oklahoma
Virginia
California
Utah

Which of these states emerged as a result of The Mexican American War of 1846 to 1848?

I, II and III

I, II and IV

I, III and IV

II, III and IV

I, II, III and IV

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 46

Open diplomacy among nations, no secret treaties
Anti-colonialism
Free trade; removal of all trade barriers
Disarmament: reducing military build up

Which of the above are among Wilson's fourteen points?

I, II and III

I, II and IV

I, III and IV

II, III and IV

I, II, III and IV

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 47

Which of the following did the Long Telegram from a U.S. diplomat in Moscow sent on February 22 in 1946 symbolize in the US history?

The Cold War

Reaganomics

Idealism

Expansionism

Monroe Doctrine

Açıklama:

The U.S. and the Soviet Union fought together against the fascist regimes of Europe during World War II. However, this collaboration did not last long and the post-WWII international system became polarized between two superpowers. The U.S. foreign policy decision makers increasingly began to consider the Soviet economic and political models as fundamentally adversarial to the American model. The Long Telegram from a U.S. diplomat in Moscow sent on February 22 in 1946 became the symbol of the Cold War grand strategy for the US.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 48

Less government involvement in economy and more goods, services, utilities, etc. provided by the private sector
Privatization of previously government owned industries
Deregulations of the markets, banking and finance sectors
Elimination of capital controls, welcoming foreign investment

Which of the above was included in the free market model that was pushed by the Reagan administration, IMF and the World Bank onto the Global South?

I, II, III

I, II and IV

I, III and IV

II, III and IV

I, II, III and IV

Açıklama:

The Reagan Presidency also coincided with massive economic crisis in the developing world. Hyperinflation, foreign currency shortages and capital flight were common across the Global South. The Reagan administration and the international financial institutions such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) pushed the countries struggling with economic crisis to make structural changes. These countries had to abandon their prior economic development models (import substation industrialization -ISI) and switch to the free market model. Also referred as neoliberalism, the new development model required: • Less government involvement in economy and more goods, services, utilities, etc. provided by the private sector • Privatization of previously government owned industries • Deregulations of the markets, banking and finance sectors • Floating exchange rates, convertibility • Elimination of capital controls, welcoming foreign investment

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 49

Which term refers to the US foreign policy adopted in late 1940s against the rising powers of the Soviet Union and tried to curb the expansion of the Soviet influence and socialism at military, political, economic and ideological levels?

Containment

Satisficing

Unilateralism

Reaganomics

Idealism

Açıklama:

Containment: US foreign policy adopted in late 1940s against the rising powers of the Soviet Union. It tried to curb the expansion of the Soviet influence and socialism at military, political, economic and ideological levels.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 50

Which of the following refers to the US foreign policy during Barack Obama's presidency?

Unilateralism

Anti-Communism

Offshore balancing

Containment

Idealism

Açıklama:

Obama’s approach to the Syrian crisis and his efforts to decrease the military footprint of the United States make him more an advocate of offshore balancing than liberal interventionism. In an article published in Foreign Affairs, scholars Mearsheimer and Walt define offshore balancing as the quintessential realist paradigm. They make the case that this strategy best serves the long term U.S. national interests.

Doğru Cevap: C

Which American president was a strong advocate of US expansionism and interventionism in the early 20th century?

Theodore Roosevelt

Woodrow Wilson

George H. W. Bush

Bill Clinton

Harry S. Truman

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 55

Which US president advocated US assertiveness and engagement through diplomacy instead of interventionism in the 20th century?

Theodore Roosevelt

Woodrow Wilson

Harry S. Truman

Ronald Reagan

Bill Clinton

Açıklama:

While President Theodore Roosevelt (Republican) envisioned a more assertive U.S. role in the world by serving as the global police, President Wilson (Democrat) had expressed U.S. assertiveness with very different methods. Wilson also advocated for greater U.S. engagement in the world. However, his preferred foreign policy tool was diplomacy. Many presidential historians refer to his childhood as the son of a Presbyterian minister. His upbringing could have played some role on how morality became a driving force for President Wilson’s foreign policy agenda.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 56

Open diplomacy among nations and no secret treaties
Freedom of the seas except territorial waters
Free trade and removal of all trade barriers
Disarmament and reducing military build up

Which of the above was among Woodrow Wilson's fourteen points?

I, II and III

I, II and IV

I, III and IV

II, III and IV

I, II, III and IV

Açıklama:

Summary of Wilson’s Fourteen Points 1. Open diplomacy among nations, no secret treaties. 2. Freedom of the seas, except territorial waters 3. Free trade; removal of all trade barriers 4. Disarmament: reducing military build up 5. Anti-colonialism 6. End the invasion of Russia. 7. End the invasion of Belgium. 8. End the Prussian invasion of France. 9. Italy’s national borders must be respected. 10. People of Austria-Hungarian Empire should have “the freest opportunity of autonomous development.” 11. End the invasion of Balkans, respect territorial integrity of Balkan nations. 12. Restore the sovereignty of Turkish portions of the Ottoman Empire, autonomy to others, free passage from Dardanelles. 13. A free and independent Poland with access to the sea. 14. Establish an association of all nations, big and small, respecting the sovereignty of each.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 57

Which US president requested funds from the Congress to provide military aid to Greece and Turkey and send U.S. military staff and equipment to the region in 1947?

Woodrow Wilson

Harry Truman

Bill Clinton

Theodore Roosevelt

Abraham Lincoln

Açıklama:

In his Long Telegram, Kennan made a disease analogy. He argued that “world communism is like a malignant parasite which feeds only on diseased tissue.” He was making the case that it was not sufficient for the U.S. to have a strong capitalist regime at home. Other nations that do not have similarly strong processes could easily be influenced by the Soviet model. Soon after the Long Telegram came the historic speech of President Truman at the Congress on March 12, 1947. In this speech, the U.S. President made the case that the British influence was weakening in the Eastern Mediterranean, and the U.S. foreign policy should be reoriented to fill that vacuum. He requested funds from the Congress to provide military aid to Greece and Turkey and send U.S. military staff and equipment to the region. In his speech, he insisted on supporting “free peoples” against the pressures of the “totalitarian regimes.”

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 58

Which of the doctrines below fueled decisions to go to war in Korea and Vietnam?

Containment

Idealism

Expansionism

Interventionism

Unilateralism

Açıklama:

Containment doctrine also fueled decisions to go to war in Korea and Vietnam. As seen in the chart above, the bi-polar distribution of power made every nation, big or small, critical to maintain the systemic equilibrium. Consequently, anytime countries in the U.S. alliance camp, such as Turkey or Chile, elected left leaning governments, it was perceived as an existential threat for the U.S. that could potentially tilt the balance in favor of the Soviets.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 59

Compared to the previous presidents of the Containment era, which US president expressed a more vocal anti-Soviet, and anti-communist stance?

Ronald Reagan

Harry Truman

Woodrow Wilson

Bill Clinton

Barack Obama

Açıklama:

Compared to the previous presidents of the Containment era, President Reagan expressed a more vocal anti-Soviet, and anti-communist stance. As a successful public speaker, he frequently expressed harsher criticisms of the Soviet model. The 1980s was also the decade of Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. The Reagan Doctrine allowed the U.S. to provide military assistance to irregular armed forces that were allegedly combating communism

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 60

Which US president was the architect of the democratic enlargement doctrine?

Bill Clinton

Barack Obama

Ronald Reagan

George W. Bush

Harry Truman

Açıklama:

President Clinton and his national security advisor Anthony Lake were the architects of the foreign policy doctrine that came to be known as “democratic enlargement.” Antony Lake had a long and accomplished career, by the time he became the right hand of President Clinton in foreign policy matters

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 61

Scholars like Cecil Crabb have often criticized what features of the American foreign policy doctrine?

Being too inflexible and vague

Being too vague and ambiguous

Being too uncertain and inflexible

Being too complicated and officious

Being too aggressive and officious

Açıklama:

Scholars such as Cecil Crabb often criticize the US foreign policy doctrines for being too vague and ambiguous. The correct answer is B

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 62

Which of the following is the ideological perspective that the United States proposed to establish a new order in the international arena after World War II and to ensure international cooperation in all areas?

Rationalism

Neo-realism

Realism

Neoliberal institutionalism

Raison D'etre

Açıklama:

neoliberal institutionalism might play an important role, as seen immediately after the World War II, when the US was eager to build multiple global institutions to facilitate
collaboration and collective security arrangements. The correct answer is D

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 63

Which of the statements given below is not correct?

In the early 1800s, Latin America was still colonized by the Spanish and the Portuguese empires

The independence of the United States from Great Britain, and subsequent political regime created in the north appealed to the nationalists in Southeast Asia between 1810 and 1820

Latin American nations ooked up to the US as a model for basic political institutions. Instead of adopting the Continental model of parliamentary regimes

Many Latin American nations opted for the US model of presidential system, with a bicameral Congress and a Supreme Court

North American distaste for the European powers, and efforts to exclude Europe from the Americas earned significant sympathy across the Latin America

Açıklama:

The independence of the United States from Great Britain, and subsequent political regime created in the north appealed to the nationalists in Latin America. Between 1810 and 1820. The correct answer is B

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 64

In which of the following options is the first official foreign policy doctrine of the USA given?

Monroe Doctrine

Truman Doctrine

Guam Doctrine

Eisenhower Doctrine

Carter Doctrine

Açıklama:

Monroe Doctrine of 1823 could be classified as the first official foreign policy doctrine of the United States. The correct answer is A

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 65

Which of the following is not a feature of Woodrow Wilson's foreign policy understanding?

He is considered an idealist president, for having his moral values direct his foreign policy agenda

He valued peace, prosperity and democracy in the world

His diplomatic propositions turned out to be unappealing both at home and abroad

He wanted to promote international law and institutions to facilitate these goals

His proposed international system condemned military aggression and colonialism,
and called for armament of all nation

Açıklama:

His proposed international system condemned military aggression and colonialism,
and called for not armament of all nation. He wanted to disarmament of all nation. The correct answer is E

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 66

Who is the American diplomat who likens world communism to a malignant parasite and is the symbol name of the beginning of the Cold War?

Dwight Eisenhover

Harry Truman

George Kennan

Woodrow Wilson

Henry Kissinger

Açıklama:

In his Long Telegram, Kennan made a disease analogy. He argued that "world communism is like a malignant parasite which feeds only on diseased tissue." The correct answer is C

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 67

Which of the following is not one of the features of the neoliberal economyimplemented during Ronald Reagan's presidency as a requirement of the new economic model?

Privatization of previously government owned industries

Elimination of capital controls, welcoming foreign investment

Floating exchange rates, convertibility

More government involvement in economy and more goods, services, utilities, provided by the private sector

Deregulations of the markets, banking and finance sectors

Açıklama:

More government involvement in economy and more goods, services, utilities, provided by the private sector. It should have stated less goverment in economy. That's way the correct answer is D

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 68

Which of the following US presidents has not been a practitioner of post-cold war foreign policy?

George W. Bush

Ronald Reagan

Barack Obama

Bill Clinton

Donald Trump

Açıklama:

This section covers the Post-Cold War foreign policy doctrines during the presidencies of Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, Barack Obama and Donald Trump. The correct answer is B

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 69

Who were the the architects of the foreign policy doctrine that came to be known as "democratic enlargement" ?

George.W.Bush-Condoleezza Rice

Donald Trump-Mike Pompeo

Bill Clinton-Anthony Lake

Barack Obama-Susan Rice

Barack Obama-Hillary Clinton

Açıklama:

President Clinton and his national security advisor Anthony Lake were the architects of the foreign policy doctrine that came to be known as "democratic enlargement". The correct answer is C

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 70

Which of the events that took place in the chronology of American diplomacy below is wrong?

1979-89 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan

1989 Cuban Missile Crisis: Soviet attempt to place nuclear warheads in Cuba

1973 Paris Peace Accords, the end of Vietnam War

1959 Cuban Revolution: Fidel Castro topples the pro-US Batista regime

1944 Bretton Woods conference in New Hampshire: World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) created

Açıklama:

1962 Cuban Missile Crisis: Soviet attempt to place nuclear warheads in Cuba. The correct answer is B

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 71

Which of the following Latin American country below lost nearly half of its territory to the United States?

The United States had direct stake in the outbreak of World War I
The Industrial Revolution and its social impact, engendered, in turn, new doctrines such as socialism, communism and the ever carrier of all types of mass frustration, nationalism.
Europe’s major nations had indeed grouped themselves into two main alliances opposed to each other -Central Powers, composed of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy and the Triple Alliance of Great Britain, France, and Russia.

Which of the aboves are true about World War I?

Only I

Only II

I, II

II, III

I, II, III

Açıklama:

It is an obvious fact that the United States had no direct stake in the outbreak of World War I -also known in history as the Great War. Profound social changes in Europe brought about by a population explosion which began in the late 18th century, the Industrial Revolution and its social impact, engendered, in turn, new doctrines such as socialism, communism and the ever carrier of all types of mass frustration, nationalism. These factors culminated behind a number of existing intraEuropean rivalries -i.e. French-German conflict over Alsace-Lorraine, German-Russia competition over the Middle East, traditional Ottoman-Russia antagonism, Balkan nationalism towards AustroHungarian and Ottoman Empires, German-British rivalry over naval power etc.- turning the continent into a powder keg that a small spark could ignite. Against this background, technological advances leading to military developments and the growth of an interlocking system of alliances initiated by the German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck were to act as the catalysts leading to World War I (Stokesbury, 1981, 11-19). Europe’s major nations had indeed grouped themselves into two main alliances opposed to each other -Central Powers, composed of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy and the Triple Alliance of Great Britain, France, and Russia.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 6

Which president of US did come to power when World War I had begun?

Woodrow Wilson

William Howard Taft

Franklin Roosevelt

Theodore Roosevelt

Harry Truman

Açıklama:

When on June 28, 1914, a Serbian nationalist named Gavrilo Princip assasinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Hapsburg throne, and his wife, visiting Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia, no one imagined that it would trigger a chain of events drawing Europe into a world war and the United States into a new era in its foreign relations (Bagby, 1999, 18). A former Ottoman province, Bosnia had been annexed by Austria in 1909 and this had antagonized neighboring Serbia - also former Ottoman territory- that had hoped to annex it by itself, retaliating by promoting revolution among national minorities within the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Consequently, Austrians understandably suspected the Serbian government of conspiracy and decided to punish Serbia by invading it on July 28. Russian and French mobilization followed that with a view to defend Serbia, Germany’s declaration of war on them, Britain’s entry into war as part of the Allies, and finally Ottoman Turkey’s, on the side of the Central Powers. By August 1914, World War I had begun.
On August 4, 1914, President Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921), then much more interested in domestic than foreign affairs and largely endorsed by his people, declared that the United States would remain “impartial in thought as well as in action”.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 7

Which president did give the “Fourteen Points” speech?

Woodrow Wilson

Theodore Roosevelt

Harry Truman

Richard Nixon

Calvin Coolidge

Açıklama:

As the war neared its end, President Wilson spelled out his vision of peace in a speech delivered on 8 January 1918 before Congress. Known as the “Fourteen Points” speech, it not only enumerated the conditions for bringing an end to hostilities, but it also included references to open diplomacy as opposed to secret treaties and alliances, as well as arms control and a new organization of nations to ensure the peace in the future, thus introducing the concept of collective security.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 8

America’s inter-war and wartime, which president did inherit the Great Depression?

Calvin Coolidge

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Woodrow Wilson

Harry Truman

John F. Kennedy

Açıklama:

America’s inter-war and wartime president Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933-1945) inherited the Great Depression, who was a Harvard graduate Democrat from a patrician family linked to the former President Theodore (Teddy) Roosevelt and himself appointed Assistant Secretary of the Navy twice by President Wilson.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 9

As far as the US was concerned, the military & diplomatic developments in the history of World War II can be divided into three stages.
What is the correct order of these three stages?

Peripheral - active involvement - shaping the new world order

Shaping the new world order - peripheral - active involvement

Active involvement - peripheral - shaping the new world order

Active involvement - shaping the new world order - peripheral

Peripheral - shaping the new world order - active involvement

Açıklama:

As far as the US was concerned, the military & diplomatic developments in the history of World War II can be divided into three stages: from December 1941 to January 1943; from January 1943 to August 1944; and from then on to the end of the Pacific war in August 1945 (İriye, 2013, 193-217).

The first phase can be labeled as “peripheral” as the American administration, rather than opening a second-front in Europe as suggested by its military, followed British PM Churchill’s advice in participating in the North African campaign to invade the French colonies of Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia -which remained under the authority of the Vichy régime, collaborating with the Germans.
The second phase was one of “active involvement” for the US. Following the German defeat at Stalingrad in January 1943, the Allies proceeded to the invasion of Sicily and Italy and attacks of Japanese-occupied central Pacific islands.
The third and last phase was aimed at “shaping the new world order” as the Allies were gaining ground in all fronts of military combat, while at the same time they were negotiating the post-war world order.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 10

When was Marshall Plan announced?

1914

1921

1933

1947

1951

Açıklama:

After weeks of consultation with military and congressional leaders, President Truman made a momentous address to Congress on 12 March 1947, underlining the danger looming over the two countries and declaring in what would be known as the Truman Doctrine, that “ it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures” (americanrhetoric.com). A $ 400 million package of military and economic aid to both countries was proposed by the President and voted by Congress that day. This is recognized as the definitive end of the politics of isolationism.
What would follow was the European Recovery Program, known as the Marshall Plan, announced by Secretary of State Marshall in a 5 June, 1947 speech at Harvard University to help ensure Europe’s survival, given its “economic, social, and political survival”. Over the four and a half years of the Marshall Plan, America gave more than 1 percent of its GDP in aid, a total of $13.5 billion by June 1952. England received $3.2 billion, France $2.7 billion, Italy $1.5 billion and Germany $1.4 billion. In the words of British Foreign Secretary Ernest Bevin, this was “generosity beyond belief” ( Bagby, 1999, 153), but also a visionary policy, since the two defeated powers of the Axis were also included in this massive geopolitical investment of the Cold War, leaving behind the scars of World War II.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 11

Who is the first president of U.S.?

George Washington

Abraham Lincoln

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Harry S. Truman

Thomas Jefferson

Açıklama:

Americans had, throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, remained loyal to the political testament of their first president, George Washington.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 12

Which of the following country is one of the Allied Powers in World War I?

Germany

Austria-Hungary

Bulgaria

Ottoman Empire

Russia

Açıklama:

Central Powers, composed of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy and the Triple Alliance of Great Britain, France, and Russia.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 13

Which of the following member of the Central Powers in World War I?

Germany

Japan

Great Britain

France

Russia

Açıklama:

Central Powers, composed of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy and the Triple Alliance of Great Britain, France, and Russia.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 14

Where did Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria is assasinated by a Serbian nationalist named Gavrilo Princip?

Sarajevo

Bucharest

Belgrad

London

Paris

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 15

Which of the following notion is related with American Neutrality at the beginning of World War I?

Isolationism

Preemption

Containment

Deterrence

Liberalism

Açıklama:

On August 4, 1914, President Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921), then much more interested in domestic than foreign affairs and largely endorsed by his people, declared that the United States would remain “impartial in thought as well as in action”. That, however, meant political neutrality, while the United States eagerly continued its commercial activities with Europe despite the war, as an ultimate illustration of isolationism à la George Washington.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 16

Who was the president of U.S. during the World War I?

Abraham Lincoln

Theodore Roosevelt

Woodrow Wilson

Harry S. Truman

John F. Kennedy

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 17

Austria-Hungary
Bulgaria
Turkey
Germany

U.S. did not declare war on ... and ... at World War I?

I and II

I and III

I and IV

II and III

II and IV

Açıklama:

War was subsequently declared on Austria-Hungary but not on Bulgaria and Turkey.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 18

Who did introduce the concept of collective security first as a system based on disarmament, selfdetermination and free navigation?

John F. Kennedy

Harry S. Truman

Herbert Hoover

Theodore Roosevelt

Woodrow Wilson

Açıklama:

Yhe concept of collective security first introduced by Wilson as a system based on disarmament, selfdetermination and free navigation;

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 19

Which of the following is the worst economic downturn during inter-war period?

Great Depression

The OPEC Oil Price Shock

The Asian Crisis

The Financial Crisis

The Credit Crisis

Açıklama:

All this would come to a halt with the Great Depression of 1929, the worst economic downturn in the history of the industrialized world, lasting until 1939.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 20

Which of the following is one of the Axis Power?

Japan

United States

Russia

Great Britain

France

Açıklama:

A rising international tension would follow all throughout the 1930s. In 1935, Italy invaded Ethiopia; in 1936, Hitler formed an alliance with Italy. Later Japan joined it, which createdthe “Berlin-Rome-Tokyo Axis “ against the Comintern.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 21

Which US president believed that the US ought to be a great power rather than a messianic one?

William McKinley

Theodore Roosevelt

William Howard Taft

Woodrow Wilson

Warren Harding

Açıklama:

Paradoxically, though, it was his vice president and then successor, Theodore Roosevelt (1901- 1909), who would be identified with American imperialism. The reason was Roosevelt’s explicit choice of Realpolitik over Moralpolitik. He indeed believed that the United States ought to be a great power rather than a messianic one. Skeptical about international law and the newly emerging concept of disarmament, he developed what came to be known as the “Roosevelt Corollary” to the Monroe Doctrine, proclaiming the right of the United States to intervene in the Western Hemisphere, against the interference of outside - meaning European colonial- powers as well as to protect US interests.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 22

Following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, which country did Austria invade?

Serbia

Italy

France

Ottoman Empire

Bosnia

Açıklama:

When on June 28, 1914, a Serbian nationalist named Gavrilo Princip assasinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Hapsburg throne, and his wife, visiting Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia, no one imagined that it would trigger a chain of events drawing Europe into a world war and the United States into a new era in its foreign relations (Bagby, 1999, 18). A former Ottoman province, Bosnia had been annexed by Austria in 1909 and this had antagonized neighboring Serbia - also former Ottoman territory- that had hoped to annex it by itself, retaliating by promoting revolution among national minorities within the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Consequently, Austrians understandably suspected the Serbian government of conspiracy and decided to punish Serbia by invading it on July 28. Russian and French mobilization followed that with a view to defend Serbia, Germany’s declaration of war on them, Britain's entry into war as part of the Allies, and finally Ottoman Turkey’s, on the side of the Central Powers. By August 1914, World War I had begun.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 23

Although the US wanted to remain neutral in World War I and continue its trade with European countries, which country blockaded German coasts by 1915, ending by forbidding that “neutral” goods reach Germany through neutral ports -a practice called “continuous voyages”?

Great Britain

France

Russia

Italy

Spain

Açıklama:

Determined to stop shipments from the United States to Germany, Great Britain blockaded German coasts by 1915, ending by forbidding that “neutral” goods reach Germany through neutral ports -a practice called “continuous voyages”. This led to a dispute between Great Britain and the US, which could have led to a grave crisis in other circumstances (İriye, 2013, 24). But Germany’s reaction to British policy and superiority at sea would be radical as the German navy began sinking enemy warships and other categories of vessels by means of submarines - or U-boats as they were called.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 24

Which is NOT one of the reasons for the US's entry into WW1?

German submarine warfare.

Deep sympathy for the Allies.

Growing economic ties with the Allies.

Preventing Germany from destroying the balance of power in Europe.

Insuring world peace.

Açıklama:

Historians agree that German submarine warfare and idealism set aside, entry into war was as much due to the deep sympathy for the Allies and growing economic ties with them, as the interest of the United States in preventing Germany - Europe’s second most populous nation and greatest industrial force - from destroying the balance of power in Europe and expanding further. Besides, there was growing conviction among America’s intellectuals and leaders that the country should play a role in international affairs and that it was time to abandon selfish isolationism. In that sense, World War I can be considered a major turning point in the country’s foreign policy history and tradition.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 25

Which victorious country was not invited to The Paris Peace Conference for negotiations?

Great Britain

France

Italy

The US

The Soviet Union

Açıklama:

The Paris Peace Conference was convened on January 18, 1919, and during five months the leaders of the victorious nations discussed the peace terms to be reached with Germany as well as other territorial arrangements in Europe and the post-war world order. Among the representatives of 27 nations who participated were the leaders of major powers such as Great Britain ( David Lloyd George), France (Georges Clémenceau), Italy ( Vittorio Orlando ), the United States (Woodrow Wilson), as well as Japan, and China. The Soviet Union, having already signed a separate peace treaty with the Central Powers in 1918, was not invited, nor were the defeated powers.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 26

In the Washington Naval Conference, which five countries agreed to suspend construction of large naval vessels and to limit the size of aircraft carriers?

The US - Great Britain - France - Italy - Japan

The US - Great Britain - Turkey - Italy - Japan

The US - Great Britain - Turkey - Germany - Japan

The US - Great Britain - France - China - Japan

The US - Germany - France - Italy - Russia

Açıklama:

International disarmament became an important objective for the United States throughout the 1920s. It all started with President Harding who convened the Washington Naval Conference in 1921 and 1922 which the foreign ministers of Great Britain, France, Italy, and Japan attended. They all agreed to suspend the construction of large naval vessels and to limit the size of aircraft carriers. In addition, they agreed on a complex balance of naval power by which the size of the five navies would be fixed and strictly regulated.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 27

By the time the Great Depression reached its lowest point, how many Americans had lost their jobs?

5 million

8 million

10 million

12 million

15 million

Açıklama:

All this would come to a halt with the Great Depression of 1929, the worst economic downturn in the history of the industrialized world, lasting until 1939. It began after the stock market crash of October 1929, which sent Wall Street into a panic and wiped out millions of investors. By 1933, when the Great Depression reached its lowest point, some 15 million Americans were unemployed and nearly half the country’s banks had failed.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 28

The passage of which Act marked the beginning of a congressional shift away from isolationism in the US?

The 1935 Neutrality Act

The 1936 Neutrality Act

The 1937 Neutrality Act

The 1938 Neutrality Act

The 1939 Neutrality Act

Açıklama:

The clearest expression of antiwar sentiment was the enactment of three Neutrality Acts passed between August 1935 and May 1937. By this, Congress made it illegal, in the event of a war abroad, for any US ship to enter the war zone or for any American to sell arms to a belligerent, travel on its ships, or lend it money. However, after Germany invaded Poland on 1 September 1939 and Britain and France responded by declaring war, Congress passed the Neutrality Act of 1939 ending the munitions embargo on a “cash and carry” basis. The passage of the 1939 Neutrality Act marked the beginning of a congressional shift away from isolationism.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 29

When did FDR order that the positions of German submarines be reported to the British navy?

March 1941

May 1941

July 1941

September 1941

November 1941

Açıklama:

FDR ordered in September 1941 that the positions of German submarines be reported to the British navy. This, in turn, triggered the torpedoing by the Germans of an American destroyer, the Greer, which was signaling the location of a German submarine. The response was a presidential order to the US Navy to sink any German or Italian submarine on sight. That meant being practically at war.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 30

Why did President Truman decide to drop the atomic bombs on Japan?

He was willing to end the war quickly.

Japan didn't seem like giving up.

He wanted to try the bombs.

He didn't think the effects would be so dramatic.

He liked the barbarity of the war.

Açıklama:

When he became president, Truman knew nothing about the Manhattan Project. Once informed, he set up an advisory committee chaired by Secretary of War Henry Stimson and which recommended the bomb’s deployment against Japan as soon as it would be available. Once it was successfully tested in the New Mexico desert in July 1945, the top scientists involved in the project and who had pleaded with President Roosevelt to build an atomic bomb, opposed the committee’s recommendation on humanitarian grounds, joined by a handful of civilian and military officials who argued that Japan was about to collapse anyway. But President Truman held firm, willing to end the war quickly, worried about the fierce Japanese resistance on Iwo Jima and Okinawa, and fearing a bloodbath in case of a full-scale invasion of the Japanese islands. On August 6, 1945, planes from the 59th Composite Group dropped the first uranium bomb (known as “Little Boy”) on the city of Hiroshima, killing an estimated 140,000 people. As Japan did not immediately surrender, a plutonium bomb (this one nicknamed “Fat Man”) was dropped on Nagasaki three days later, killing 70,000 more. Japan capitulated on August 12.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 31

Which of the following is CORRECT?
I.Americans had, throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, remained loyal to the political testament of their first president, George Washington.
II. Surrounded by unthreatening neighbors, the American continent was isolated and self-sufficient.
III. Washington's Farewell Address was the political conceptualization of the physical and geopolitical isolation that characterized the young republic.

I and II

I and III

II and III

I. II, III

Only II

Açıklama:

All of the items given are correct.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 32

Which of the following is CORRECT about American neutrality during World War I?
I. On August 4, 1914, President Woodrow Wilson declared that the United States would intervene in thought and action.
II. The United States eagerly continued its commercial activities with Europe despite the war.
III. The political isolationism/economic engagement pattern set earlier by the Founding Fathers was invalid.

Only I

Only II

I and II

I and III

I, II, III

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: B

The introduction of the Strategic Defense Initiative
The end of détente
The beginning of a military buildup
The deterioration of relations with Iran

Which of the above began with the Carter administration?

I, II and III

I, II and IV

II, III and IV

I, III and IV

I, II, III and IV

Açıklama:

The Helsinki Accords, in fact turned out to be a surprisingly effective cudgel that later presidents could use against the Soviet government. When Carter came to power, he promised to make the United States the moral beacon that it had once been, but also to continue the policy of détente. Carter suspended military aid to Chile, El Salvador, Nicaragua and Uganda for human-rights abuses. He returned the Panama Canal and maintained good relations with the USSR. However, a more aggressive Soviet posture, culminating with the invasion of Afghanistan, forced Carter’s hand. Already by 1978, Carter announced that while he wanted to “increase our collaboration with the Soviet Union…. [they] can choose either confrontation or cooperation. The United States is adequately prepared to meet either choice (Carter, 1978: 1050-57).” By 1980, America boycotted the Moscow Olympics, embargoed grain and ended the SALT II negotiations. With his National Security Advisor, Zbigniew Brzezinski, providing a new, bolder vision for Carter, the President laid out his foreign policy doctrine at the State of the Union speech in January 1989. Brzezinski, a Polish émigré, was under no illusions when it came to Soviet policy and advocated a hard stance against their recent aggression. “Let our position be absolutely clear: An attempt by any outside force to gain control of the Persian Gulf region will be regarded as an assault on the vital interests of the United States of America, and such an assault will be repelled by any means necessary, including military force (Carter, 1980).” Détente was over.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 15

Which doctrine states that there is a fundamental difference between authoritarian government (dictator on the right), and totalitarian (dictator on the left) and also that authoritarian governments can eventually reform into democracies, totalitarian dictatorships cannot?

Kirkpatrick Doctrine

Truman Doctrine

Containment

Truman Doctrine

Socialism

Açıklama:

While America cast the Cold War as a struggle between democratic free nations and totalitarian communism, in reality, the choice was less clear. As in the case of Vietnam, democratic elections might lead to a communist government, which then may come under the sway of the Soviet Union, who could manipulate the levers of power towards permanent rule. On the other side, the leader who supports private property or American interests may also have authoritarian tendencies. Jean Kirkpatrick, President Ronald Reagan’s ambassador to the UN, argued there was a fundamental difference between authoritarian government (dictator on the right), and totalitarian (dictator on the left) -- authoritarian governments can eventually reform into democracies, totalitarian dictators cannot (the Kirkpatrick Doctrine). Moreover, authoritarian dictators have greater respect for private property and market forces (Kirkpatrick, 1983). America placed a greater importance on private property than free elections. Nowhere are these principles more clearly demonstrated than America’s policies towards Latin America.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 16

Which of the events was an American involvement going wrong in 1961 and becoming a fiasco that proved the world the US had lied at the UN?

The Bay of Pigs

The Gulf of Tonkin

The Marshall Plan

The Truman Doctrine

Bretton Woods

Açıklama:

Kennedy, like Eisenhower before him, shared a distrust of the military and sought to bring it firmly under the civilian authority of McNamara. When Cuba fell to communist rule under Fidel Castro, the CIA made over one hundred attempts on Castro’s life, in violation of the UN Charter. In 1975, in the wake of the Watergate scandal, the Senate formed the Church Committee (chaired by Frank Church) to investigate CIA assassination attempts against foreign leaders. The Committee confirmed eight attempts against Castro between 1960 and 1965, some of which included the use of the Mafia. The Committee also revealed the CIA had engaged in illegal wiretapping, domestic surveillance and human experimentation. The Cubans themselves put the total number of assassination attempts at 638. The most embarrassing CIA fiasco was the Bay of Pigs in 1961. Kennedy inherited the plan from the Eisenhower administration. The CIA, operating on a 13-million-dollar budget, recruited 1,400 Cuban exiles, including many spies for Castro. Kennedy, who was afraid of America’s involvement becoming public, made frequent last-minute changes, particularly the location of the invasion and the decision to call off air strikes. Castro’s forces had little trouble capturing or killing the brigade of exiles, caught on coral reefs and mangrove trees, and exposed to withering gunfire from the air and the jungles. Ultimately, the whole scheme became public, and it became apparent that the United States had lied at the UN about its involvement (Jones, 2008).

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 17

Which of the below was signed in December 1987?

Intermediate Nuclear Force Treaty

Mutually Assured Destruction

Cuban Missile Crisis

Yalta Conference

General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs

Açıklama:

The drop in hard currency from falling oil prices coupled with the mounting pressures of the war in Afghanistan and Reagan’s arms race strained the USSR to its breaking point. The new Soviet premier, Mikhail Gorbachev, was departure from the Soviet old guard, who had been dying off in rapid succession during the early 1980s. When Gorbachev came to power in 1985, he was young, dynamic and willing to experiment. Crucially, he recognized that reform was needed. He offered up “glasnost” (openness) and “perestroika” (restructuring). The Soviets needed to reduce its military costs. To the West, he was a man we could do business with. The two leaders met in October 1986 in Reykjavik. While the summit Stagflation - Usually economic production stagnates, or an economy growing too rapidly leads to inflation. The 1970s experienced these two phenomena together. 123 American Foreign Policy did not produce any breakthroughs, largely because of Reagan’s unwillingness to negotiate away SDI research, it did pave the way for the Washington Summit in December 1987. There the Intermediate Nuclear Force (INF) Treaty was signed, the only one of its kind eliminating an entire class of nuclear weapons (National Security Archive). At both summits, Gorbachev was willing to go much further than the Americans in eliminating nuclear weapons and sought genuine collaboration on ending the war in Afghanistan. For his part, Reagan pushed hard on human rights violations, as delineated by the Helsinki Accords.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 18

Why did the Truman Doctrine come about?

China fell to communism.

Vietnam war was lost by the US.

North Korea invaded South Korea

Britain could not support Greece against communist rebels.

The Soviets decided to blockade Berlin.

Açıklama:

The first test of containment came from Greece. Its royalist dictatorship had long been closely supported by Britain but had now slipped into a civil war with communist insurgents. Britain was no longer equipped to cope. Britain and the United States saw the war as a test by the newly empowered Soviet Union, carrying out a policy of global expansionism. In fact, Greek Communists were funded by Marshall Josip Tito of Yugoslavia, not Stalin, who adhered to his earlier understanding with Churchill (Lane, 2009). Soviet-Turkish tensions were likewise rising over whether to internationalize the Turkish Straights. Recognizing that Britain was no longer able to protect the Greek government from a communist insurgency, Truman went to Congress with a bold request. He told a joint session of Congress that American reconstruction and military aid was imperative if Greece was to survive as free nation.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 19

Which of the following is an accurate description foreign policy under Reagan?

Reagan opposed limiting nuclear arms throughout his presidency.

Reagan disagreed vigorously with Pope John Paul II on Poland.

Reagan invited Secretary Gorbachev to “tear down” the Berlin Wall.

Reagan failed to use oil prices as a weapon against the Soviet Union.

Reagan followed a relatively had-line policy toward Iran.

Açıklama:

During a visit to Berlin in 1987, Reagan called out Gorbachev in a speech: “We welcome openness and change;…There is one sign the Soviets could make that would be unmistakable…if you seek peace…if you seek liberalization…Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall.” The Soviets erected the Berlin Wall in 1961 to stem the outflow of East Germans to the West. It stood as both a physical and symbolic barrier. It served as a reminder that the Soviet system was a failure if the only way to retain its citizens was to lock them behind a wall. Both the Carter and Reagan administrations supported Eastern European dissidents. In the Soviet Union, Helsinki Watch Groups sprouted to monitor the Soviet compliance to the Helsinki Accords.

Doğru Cevap: C

Which of the following gave way to the foundation of the World Bank and the IMF?

Bretton Woods

Postdam Conference

Marshall Plan

Truman Doctrine

Cuban Missile Crisis

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 52

Which of the following oversaw the occupation of Japan, sought to eliminate its war potential as well as turning it into a Western-style nation, drafted a new constitution for Japan, tried war criminals, initiated land reform to eliminate castes?

Douglas MacArthur

Winston Churchill

Joseph McCarthy

Dean Rusk

Charles De Gaulle

Açıklama:

The deteriorating situation in China had a profound impact on occupation policies in Japan during the late 1940s. General Douglas MacArthur, Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers, overseeing the occupation of Japan, sought to eliminate its war potential as well as turning it into a Western-style nation. MacArthur drafted a new constitution for Japan, tried war criminals, initiated land reform and to eliminate castes. The zaibatsu (traditional large business conglomerates) was to be eliminated and the country partially deindustrialized

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 53

Which of the following stated that there was a fundamental difference between authoritarian government, and totalitarian and also that authoritarian governments can eventually reform into democracies, totalitarian dictators cannot?

Kirkpatrick Doctrine

Truman Doctrine

Nuclear Containment

Nixon Doctrine

Reagan Doctrine

Açıklama:

President Ronald Reagan’s ambassador to the UN, argued there was a fundamental difference between authoritarian government (dictator on the right), and totalitarian (dictator on the left) -- authoritarian governments can eventually reform into democracies, totalitarian dictators cannot (the Kirkpatrick Doctrine)

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 54

Which of the following cost 100 billion in today’s dollars, caused Western Europe to exceed its pre-war production by 25%; therefore, was demonstration of the economic might and success of the capitalist model?

The Marshall Plan

The Morgenthau Plan

Truman Doctrine

Kirkpatrick Doctrine

Mutually Assured Destruction

Açıklama:

The Truman administration believed that communism spreads on economic misery; democracy, on a successful and prosperous foundation of capitalism. Europe experienced a crippling winter in 1946-47. Their economy was only two-thirds of its pre-war level. There was no definitive approach on how to handle Germany in the peace. The task of rebuilding Europe was monumental despite the far-reaching reforms of Bretton Woods. The IMF and World Bank were simply inadequate - and it was in the Soviet interest to prolong misery in Western Europe. Communist partisans played a key role in defeating the fascists in Italy and France. After the war, their ranks were large and politically influential. Central to the problem was the dollar gap, that is, Europe needed from the United States wheat, coal, machinery, sugar, but it did not have the money to pay for it. Moreover, the United States was so well supplied, it needed little from Europe. Faced with the very real fear that the communists would capitalize on Western European impoverishment to further their gains, Truman scrapped any last vestiges of the Morgenthau Plan and requested $17 billion in funds (with $12 billion ultimately allocated and spent, or 100 billion in today’s dollars). This came to be known as the Marshall Plan. Most funds went to the economic engines of Europe: Britain, France and West Germany. The Marshall Plan was a living demonstration of the economic might and success of the capitalist model. By 1950, Western Europe exceeded its pre-war production by 25 percent

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 55

Which US president was a lifelong military man, a conservative and favored the CIA and was the Supreme Allied Commander in World War II?

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Richard Nixon

John F. Kennedy

Douglas MacArthur

Harry Truman

Açıklama:

The CIA became a favorite tool of President Dwight D. Eisenhower. As the Supreme Allied Commander in World War II and a lifelong military man, Eisenhower saw firsthand the cost of the military, which made him fiscally conservative.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 56

Which of the following tempered such high expectations with the need for compromise and negotiations, as well as relying on other countries to share the burden by 1972?

The Truman Doctrine

The Kirkpatrick Doctrine

The Marshall Plan

The Reagan Doctrine

The Nixon Doctrine

Açıklama:

By 1972, the Nixon Doctrine tempered such high expectations with the need for compromise and negotiations, as well as relying on other countries to share the burden. America was to support, not replace, local fighters. However, Nixon and Kissinger’s triangulations reeked of amoral, self-interested maneuvering.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 57

Which of the following stated that their mission is to nourish and defend freedom of democracy on every continent from Afghanistan to Nicaragua -to defy Soviet supported aggression and secure rights which have been theirs from birth?

The Reagan Doctrine

The Truman Doctrine

The Kirkpatrick Doctrine

The Nixon Doctrine

The Helsinki Accords

Açıklama:

The Reagan Doctrine states: “Our mission is to nourish and defend freedom of democracy… on every continent from Afghanistan to Nicaragua---to defy Sovietsupported aggression and [to] secure rights which have been ours from birth…Support for free

Doğru Cevap: A

It refers to the history of the U.S. as different from other nations that is based on liberty, egalitarianism, and laissez faire. It also refers to the idea that the US has a unique mission to defend and spread these values in the world
The concept explained above is correct in which of the following options?

American foreign policy

American liberty

American exceptionalism

American ideology

American pragmatism

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 42

Driven by the concern at home In what areas is Clinton's presidential campaign concentrated?

Foreign policy and domestic policy

Economy policy and foreign policy

Economy and domestic politics.

Financial policy and foreign policy

Economy and financial policy

Açıklama:

Driven by the concerns at home, Clinton’s presidential campaign focused on economy
and domestic politics. The correct answer is C

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 43

When did Haiti hold its first democratic elections?

1980

1990

1995

2000

2005

Açıklama:

Haiti had its first democratic elections in 1990. The correct answer is B

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 44

The name of the treaty that ended the Bosnian war was correctly given in the following options?

Dayton

Paris

Ankara

Guadalupe hidalgo

Berlin

Açıklama:

While the Dayton Accords ended the Bosnianc War, peace at the Balkan Peninsula did not last long. The correct answer is A

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 45

The secret talks between Israel and the PLO started under......................

Norwegian auspices in 1993

Sweden auspices in 1992

Finland auspices in 1994

USA auspices 1993

Germany auspices 1999

Açıklama:

The secret talks between Israel and the PLO started under Norwegian auspices in 1993. The correct answer is A

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 46

Who is the US president who ended the Northern Ireland conflict?

Donald Trump

Barrack Obama

Bill Clinton

George. W.Bush

Jimmy Carter

Açıklama:

President Clinton also actively worked to end the conflict in Northern Ireland. The correct answer is C

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 47

....................is the combination of international economic, political and geographical factors in influencing a country and its policies
Which of the following should be brought into the space above?

Geo-politics

Geo-economics

Geo-strategies

Geo-environmentalist

Geo-etics

Açıklama:

Geo-economics is the combination of international economic, political and geographical factors in influencing a country and its policies. The correct answer is B

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 48

Which of the following is not one of the G20 countries?

Australia

Indonesia

Republic of Korea

Turkey

Austria

Açıklama:

Austria is not one of the G20 countries. The correct answer is E

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 49

European Union established the........................... to encourage better foreign policy coordination among its member state
Which of the following should be brought into the space above?

Partnership for Peace

Peacekeeping policy

Security policy

Common Foreign and Security Policy

St. Malo Summit

Açıklama:

the European Union established the Common Foreign and Security Policy to encourage better foreign policy coordination among its member states. The correct answer is D

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 50

When was Partnership for Peace accepted?

pre-emptive and unilateral strategy
one percent doctrine
invasion of Iraq and Afghanistan

Which of the above is/are among the consequences of the 9/11 attacks?

Only III

II,III

Only I

I,II,III

I,III

Açıklama:

The 9/11 attacks had significant consequences. One of them was the new “pre-emptive and unilateral strategy” developed by the Bush Doctrine and the first shift in US foreign policy since the Truman era. The second important consequence was the “one percent doctrine”. Although it is not one of the neo-conservative tenets, it was made by the Bush administration due to their feeling of vulnerability after the attacks.It also provided an “operational answer to a key element of the Bush Doctrine of pre-emptive war(Allison, 2012: 261). Another consequence was the invasion of Iraq and Afghanistan with the removal of the Taliban regime in 2001. Before 2003, Iraq had chronic weaknesses. The leader of Iraq, Saddam Hussein, only represented a small portion of the society. After 2003, the Baathist regime collapsed but Iraq became an arena for the regional struggles of other states and different sectoral groups

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 35

military transformation project by Donald Rumsfeld
abolishing the entire army and security sources of Iraq
administration's insulting and marginalizing its allies

Which of the above is/are among the reasons why the US failed in Middle East?

I,II

Only III

Only II

Only I

I,II,III

Açıklama:

Why did the US fail in Middle East and specifically in Iraq? One of the reasons was the military transformation project by Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld. Even though the US armed forces were very successful against Saddam’s army, they were unsuccessful in the counterinsurgency war and maintaining stability and security in the post-war period in Iraq.This was due to several reasons. Firstly, Rumsfeld’s forces lacked the necessary military personnel per civilian which was needed to establish security and deter the insurgency. The ratio was 20 soldiers for every 1000 civilian in Iraq. Secondly, the USA’s traditional allies were marginalized and insulted by the American administration during this period. Thirdly, one of the first things that US army did in this period was abolishing the entire army and other security forces of Iraq since they were believed to be Saddam’s instrument.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 36

In which years did the US follow a containment policy with China?

1949-1969

1970-1979

1938-1945

1989-2000

1980-2010

Açıklama:

The US policy towards China has changed significantly since the establishment of People’s Republic of China in 1949. As China deferred Soviet Union as the leader of the communist bloc in the 1950s and later involved in the Vietnam war (Pillsbury 2016: 57), the United States believed China was an aggressive and expansionist power threatening the security of its non communist neighbors. Hence, for the first twenty years (1949-1969) the US followed a containment policy with China (University, 2009). In other terms, the US tried to disrupt, destabilize and weaken the communist government by constructing an offshore line of military alliances along eastern and southern borders of China such as Japan, South Korea and Taiwan.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 37

Which of the following was formed in order to contain the turmoil in Iraq and to limit the effects of its instability around?

Rumsfeld's Project

Neighboring Countries Initiatives

Bush Doctrine

Uni-polar Turn

Project for the New American Century

Açıklama:

A new initiative called “Neighboring Countries Initiative” was formed in order to contain the turmoil and instability in Iraq and limit the effect of this instability on neighboring states such as refugee flow to primarily Jordan and Syria, flow of radical ideas, violent spillover from Iraq into the neighboring states. After the invasion, Iraq became a safety hub for terrorist organization all around the world to gather and train together which became a huge concern for the neighboring states. The initiative comprised of six regional states and its first meeting was held in Istanbul, Turkey on January 2003. Fifth, the failure in the Middle East entrapped and faded US democratic idealism and its fantasies of democracy and reconstruction in Iraq (Fawcett 2013: 315).

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 38

Which of the below is an example of the US government invented geographies?

Southeast Asian Treaty District

Shanghai Communique

Broader Middle East and North Africa

Greater Mediterranean Sea

Democracy Assistance Dialogue

Açıklama:

As a solution to protect the American interests in the region, the US government invented new geographies such as the Greater Black Sea Region and Broader Middle East and North Africa. Broader Middle East and North Africa (BMENA) terminology was invented in Washington DC by the US officials as a multilateral project to change the economic and political conditions of this region following the US-led military operation in Iraq and first made known to public on 13th of February 2004 through an Arabic newspaper (Al-Hayat) based in London.The aim was to help develop and flourish democracy and free market economies in the region.According to this newspaper, the United states presented this to the group of developing countries (G-8) as a project “to bring democracy to the Middle East(Erhan 2005, p. 160).

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 39

China's rise in East Asia
the significance of Asia
China's taking place in Iraq War

Which of the above is/are among the main causes of "pivot to Asia" strategy?

Only I

II,III

I,III

I,II

Only III

Açıklama:

On 13 April 2013, the US Secretary of State John Kerry paid a visit to China and met with Chinese State Councilor Yang Jiechi at the Diaoyutai State Guesthouse in Beijing. The visit which happened during the Obama administration was perceived as a signal that Bush era concerns with democratization, terrorism and the Middle East were over(Schiavenza, 2013). 9/11 attacks, Iraq war, Afghanistan war and war against international terrorism has diverted the US’ attention from East Asia that is getting stronger and paving the way to becoming the new economic center of gravity. This was one of the main reasons why the United States wanted a pivot to Asia strategy which was considered to be a win-win strategy. China’s rise in East Asia has long been a concern for the United States during this era and became one of the reasons of this initiative.The other reason was the significance of Asia. This was a region where world’s most pressing and prominent issues were occurring such as climate change and nuclear proliferation and this region was still indispensable for functioning of the world economy.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 40

Where did the protests of the Arab uprisings start?

Syria

Egypt

Lebanon

Yemen

Tunisia

Açıklama:

The protests began in Tunisia against former leader Zine el-Abidin Ben Ali after the death of Tarek al Tayeb Mohamed Bouazizi, a street vendor in the town of Sidi Bouzid who burned himself as a protest against the government in January 2011. The suicide galvanized Tunisian protesters and took them to the streets. Within a month, the autocratic president Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali fled to Saudi Arabia. Through the social media, the protests spread very quickly across Arab speaking countries including Egypt, Yemen, Libya and Syria, all demanding similar rights and demands (Manfreda 2019).

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 41

The USA not only had the largest and most advanced economy within the global economy but it was also the driving force of globalization.
The USA was not only the sole superpower but it was also a hyperpower.
The USA was the only country with the high-tech military power within the globe and was, at the time ,“the leader in the revolution in military affairs”.
The USA was a great example of not only a hard power but also a soft power as well. It was the disseminator of its popular culture throughout the world.
Which of the above is among the dimensions on which America's supreme position was mainly built on?

I, II, III and IV

I, II and III

I, II and IV

II, III and IV

I, III and IV

Açıklama:

By the turn of 2000s, the United States was the sole super-power in the world as the Soviet Union was no longer a challenger. America’s supreme position in the world was mainly built on four dimensions: (1) the USA not only had the largest and most advanced economy within the global economy but it was also the driving force of globalization, (2) the USA was not only the sole superpower but it was also a hyperpower, (3) the USA was the only country with the high-tech military power within the globe and was, at the time ,“the leader in the revolution in military affairs”, and (4) the USA was a great example of not only a hard power but also a soft power as well. It was the disseminator of its popular culture throughout the world (Friedman 2015, p. 1). The United States was not only promoting its popular culture but also it was promoting its own values and ideas. Thus, the ideas that conquered the world were “peace, democracy and free markets (Kurth, 2007:150)” and the geography of this empire was partly built on military relations and partly on economic relations (Friedman 2015: 1).

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 42

Traditional Liberals
Traditional Conservatives
Neo-conservatives
Neoliberals

Which of the above is among the American foreign policy traditions?

I, II and III

I, III and IV

I, II and IV

II, III and IV

I, II, III and IV

Açıklama:

Before delving into the consequences of the coming of the American Empire and in order to understand the conditions that lead to it in more detail, it is vital to understand the four perspectives on American Foreign Policy and the rise of neoconservatives. The global imperial project of America was “the outcome of a domestic political struggle.” We can identify four different American foreign policy traditions. These are: (1) Traditional Liberals (also widely known as the Jeffersonian tradition), (2) Traditional Conservatives (also widely known as the Jacksonian tradition), (3) Neoliberals (also widely known as the Wilsonian tradition), and (4) Neo-conservatives (also widely known as the Hamiltonian tradition). The first two traditions are usually addressed as the national perspectives due to their emphasis on the principle of national interest. They argue that the United States should be governed by its national interests, which are the “promotion and protection of the interests of Americans (Kurth, 2007: 155).” The central concern of the Traditional Liberals is that American domestic economy should be enhanced by domestic social reform rather than by engaging in foreign interventions that would disrupt economic prosperity. This tradition is best represented during the Carter administration. The central concern of the traditional conservatives is American national security. They emphasize that national security should be enhanced by national unity rather than engaging in foreign interventions, which are remote from American vital interests. This tradition is best represented during George H. W. Bush administration.

Doğru Cevap: E

What is the central concern of Traditional Liberal American foreign policy?

American domestic economy enhanced by domestic social reform rather than engaging in foreign interventions that would disrupt economic prosperity.

American national security enhanced by national unity rather than engaging in foreign interventions that are remote from American vital interests.

The US as the leader in the grand project of globalization (progressive elimination of borders and liberalization of societies). In other words; creating liberal democracies, free markets and democratic peace.

American role in the global security. US as the leader in a grand project to eliminate military or terror threats to the security of America and its allies (primarily Israel). Elimination of such threats as rogue states, terrorist organizations and WMD.

Pre-emptive war is conducted to repel or defeat a perceived imminent aggressive enemy who is preparing to strike right away in order to gain a strategic advantage in an impending or unavoidable war.

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 50

World War I

The visit of the USS George Washington to İstanbul

World War II

The birth of the Turkish Republic

Açıklama:

The visit of the USS George Washington to İstanbul in 1800 may be considered as the starting point of bilateral relations between Turkey and the US. The correct answer is C.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 12

To secure free passage for American state ships through the Turkish Straits
To obtain a naval base in the Levant to protect American trade
in the region
To ensure safe and continuous transfer of Caspian and Egyptian oil to the West

Which of the given above can be an example to show the importance of the Ottoman Empire for the United States?

Only I

I & II

I & III

II & III

I, II & III

Açıklama:

I, II and III show the importance of the Ottoman Empire for the United States. The correct answer is E.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 13

What was the purpose of the establishment of Operation Northern Watch?

To keep an eye on the developments in Iraq and the Middle East

To obtain the control of an Aegean island

To keep an eye on the developments in Cyprus.

To obtain the control of the Soviet Union

To keep an eye on the developments in Germany

Açıklama:

It was established, based in Turkey, to keep an eye on the developments in Iraq and the Middle East in general. The correct answer is A.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 14

In which year, after the establishment of the Turkish Republic, did formal diplomatic relations between the USA and Turkey start?

1920

1923

1925

1927

1928

Açıklama:

After the establishment of the Turkish Republic, formal diplomatic relations between the two countries started in 1927. The correct answer is D.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 15

The persistent Soviet demands could only be resisted with international support, especially the US support.
The US was the only country at the end of the war that was
able to provide Turkey with funds.
The US threatened to leave Turkey to its fate against Iraq.

Which of the given above is among the reasons for welcoming the Truman Doctrine?

Only II

I & II

I & III

II & III

I, II & III

Açıklama:

Turkey welcomed the Truman Doctrine essentially for two reasons:

The persistent Soviet demands could only be resisted with international support, especially the US support
The US was the only country at the end of the war that was able to provide Turkey with funds, much needed for both economic development and military modernization.

The correct answer is B.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 16

Which of the given countries did NOT take part in the creation of the Baghdad Pact in 1955?

Turkey

Iraq

Great Britain

France

Pakistan

Açıklama:

Turkey, Iraq, Great Britain, Pakistan and Iran took part in the creation of the Baghdad Pact in 1955. The correct answer is D.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 17

When was the new Defence and Economic Cooperation Agreement (DECA) signedbetween Turkey and US?

In 1950

In 1960

In 1970

In 1980

In 1990

Açıklama:

The new Defence and Economic Cooperation Agreement (DECA) was signed on
March 29, 1980. The correct answer is D.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 18

The refusal of the US to hand over Fethullah Gülen, the head of the FETÖ terrorist organization, or to exile him from the US
Differing positions regarding Palestine and relations with Israel
A clear divergence between the two states regarding the concept of international terrorism.

Which of the given above is among the problems that have remained unsolved between Turkey and the US?

Only I

I & II

I & III

II & III

I, II & III

Açıklama:

All the given are among the problems that have remained unsolved between Turkey and the US. The correct answer is E.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 19

Which US President proposed the "Fourteen Points"?

Woodrow Wilson

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

John F. Kennedy

Harry S. Truman

Lyndon Baines Johnson

Açıklama:

In 1919, US President Woodrow Wilson proposed his “Fourteen Points”. The correct answer is A.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 20

Which of the following was signed in 1969 and included revision of all the bilateral agreements that had been signed between Turkey and US since 1947?

The Defense and Economic Cooperation Agreement (DECA)

The Joint Defense Cooperation Agreement (JDCA)

The Treaty of Friendship and Neutrality

The Montreux Convention

The Truman Doctrine

Açıklama:

The Joint Defense Cooperation Agreement (JDCA) was signed in 1969 and included revision of all the bilateral agreements that had been signed between the two countries since 1947.The correct answer is B.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 21

When was the first Ottoman Honorary Consulate in the US opened?

In 1800

In 1809

In 1858

In 1866

In 1873

Açıklama:

The correct choice is C.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 22

Formal diplomatic relations between Turkey and USA started in ________.

1923

1924

1927

1928

1930

Açıklama:

The correct choice is C.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 23

With which of the following two countries did Turkey sign the Tripartite Alliance agreement in 1939?

Britain and France

Britain and USA

USA and France

France and Germany

Germany and Britain

Açıklama:

The correct choice is A.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 24

In relation to which of the following was İncirlik Airbase allowed to be used for NATO purposes?

The Truman Doctrine

The Marshall Plan

The Joint Defense Cooperation Agreement

The Eisenhower Doctrine

The Defense and Economic Cooperation Agreement

Açıklama:

The correct choice is D.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 25

In connection to which of the following did Turkey sign the Agreement on Aid to Turkey in 1947?

The Marshall Plan

The Eisenhower Doctrine

The Joint Defense Cooperation Agreement

The Defense and Economic Cooperation Agreement

The Truman Doctrine

Açıklama:

The correct choice is E.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 26

As a result of which of the following did Turkey witness impacts of the US on its domestic politics, economy and foreign policy?

The Eisenhower Doctrine

The Marshall Plan

The Truman Doctrine

The Joint Defense Cooperation Agreement

The Baghdad Pact

Açıklama:

The correct choice is B.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 27

Which of the following was signed after the lifting of US embargo on Turkey because of her military intervention in Cyprus?

Defense and Economic Cooperation Agreement

Joint Defense Cooperation Agreement

Rapid Deployment Force

Treaty of Friendship and Neutrality

Memorandum of Understanding

Açıklama:

The correct choice is A.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 28

Which of the following was signed in 1982 to facilitate Turkey's support, provided for the modernization of the ten existing bases and the construction of two additional air bases in Turkey?

The Joint Defense Cooperation Agreement

Defense and Economic Cooperation Agreement

Treaty of Friendship and Neutrality

The Memorandum of Understanding

Rapid Deployment Force

Açıklama:

The correct choice is D.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 29

When did Turkey - US connection become a strategic partnership?

In the late 1990s

In the mid 1990s

In the early 2000s

Just after 9/11 attacks

Just before Iraq War

Açıklama:

The correct choice is A.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 30

When did President Donald Trump come to office?

In 2014

In 2015

In 2016

In 2017

In 2018

Açıklama:

The correct choice is D.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 31

Which of the following is considered as the starting point of Turkish-American bilateral relations?

The visit of the American frigate USS George Washington to İstanbul in 1800.

The declaration of the Turkish Republic.

The cold war period.

The Marshall Plan and the monetary aid which widely helped Turkish economy to recover.

Turkey entering the NATO because of the Soviet threats especially on Turkish straits.

Açıklama:

The visit of the USS George Washington to İstanbul in 1800 may be considered as the starting point of bilateral relations between The Ottoman Empire and the US. Since then, the relationship has witnessed and survived two world wars, the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, the birth of the Turkish Republic, a score of hot wars, an over-imposing Cold War, the systemic changes (from the 19th century balance of power through the 20th century bipolarity to loose single-polarity of the post-Cold War era to current multipolarity in world politics) as well as many more ups and downs in bilateral relations.
The visit of the USS George Washington to İstanbul in 1800 may be considered as the starting point of bilateral relations between the Ottoman Empire and the US. Therefore, the correct choice is A.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 32

Which of the following indicates the importance of the Ottoman Empire for the United States at the beginning of bilateral relations?

To protect the state of Israel and keeping peace in the territory.

To ensure safe and continuous transfer of Caspian and Egyptian oil to the West.

To keep the Soviets and communism away from the territory.

To help the Ottoman Empire economically.

To keep its military bases safe in the region.

Açıklama:

The importance of the Ottoman Empire for the United States derived from the following three reasons: 1) to secure free passage for American state ships through the Turkish Straits; 2) to obtain a naval base in the Levant to protect American trade in the region; and 3) to ensure safe and continuous transfer of Caspian and Egyptian oil to the West.
The United States wanted the transfer of Caspian and Egyptian oil to the West. Therefore, the correct choice is B.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 33

Which of the following Sultans of the Ottoman Empire inquired whether an alliance with the US was possible and sent goods to form 'Turkish Village' in the Chicago World Exposition in 1893?

Sultan Abdülmecid Han

Sultan Selim II Han

Sultan Mahmud II Han

Sultan Abdülhamid II Han

Sultan Mehmed Vahdeddin Han

Açıklama:

During the early days, the relationship was more of a convenience, encouraged by curiosity on the Ottoman side and need to protect American merchants in the Mediterranean on the US side.
The fact that the US was literally “on the other side of the world” and thus could not harbor expansionist designs toward the dying Ottoman Empire, led Sultan Abdülhamid II, in 1882, to inquire whether an alliance between the two countries was possible. Afterwards, as a token of goodwill, he sent goods to form “Turkish Village” in the Chicago World Exposition in 1893.
This meant a search for new openings in the relationship as the Ottoman Empire started to buy surplus guns left over from the US Civil War, which had ended in 1865.
Sultan Abdülhamid II sent goods to form “Turkish Village” in the Chicago World Exposition in 1893. Therefore, the correct choice is D.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 34

When did formal diplomatic relations between the USA and Turkish Republic start?

1923

1927

1929

1936

1944

Açıklama:

As the US was not a signatory to the Lausanne Peace Treaty and there was no relationship between Turkey and the US immediately after the establishment of the Turkish Republic, formal diplomatic relations between the two countries started in 1927. Even then, as the US was too far away to contemplate a closer cooperation for the emerging Turkish Republic.
Formal diplomatic relations between the two countries started in 1927. Therefore, the correct choice is B.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 35

Which of the following US aids did Turkey benefit from during most of the Second World War period?

The medical assistance programs

The Marshall Plan

The Foreign Assistance Act

The Lend and Lease Program

The U.S. contribution to the Global Fund to Fight Poverty

Açıklama:

During most of the Second World War, the US and Turkey did not deal directly even though Turkey benefited from the Lend and Lease Program of the US. From the American perspective, the Near East was still seen as part of British responsibility. Moreover, since the American public was not keen on involving in another “European Affair,” the US government preferred dealing with Turkey through Britain.
Turkey benefited from the Lend and Lease Program of the US. during World War II. Therefore, the correct choice is D.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 36

Why did the US distance itself from Turkey and stopped the Lend and Lease support in 1941?

Turkey signed a Non-Aggression Pact with Germany.

Turkey declared war on the (Soviets) USSR.

Turkey had a hostile relations with Britain.

The Japanese attacked on Pearl Harbor.

Churchill didn't want Turkey to get involved in Egypt since British army was there.

Açıklama:

Turkey signed a Non-Aggression Pact with Germany on June 18, 1941, that prompted the US to distance itself from Turkey and stopped the Lend and Lease support. Relations became even more strained when Turkey concluded a new agreement with Germany for the sale of chromium on October 9, 1941.
As US-Japanese relations worsened through the summer of 1941, President Roosevelt, worrying about the effects of possible Japanese entry into the war on the side of Germany, declared on December 3, 1941 that Turkey’s defense was important to him. The American position finally changed after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and President Roosevelt ordered the restoration of Lend and Lease Law assistance to Turkey, starting from 1942.
Turkey signed a Non-Aggression Pact with Germany on June 18, 1941, that prompted the US to distance itself from Turkey and stopped the Lend and Lease support. Therefore, the correct choice is A.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 37

Which of the following was demanded from Turkey, in order to extend the Treaty of Friendship and Neutrality (Nonaggression), by the USSR in 1945?

Turkey’s declaration of war on Axis powers in order to secure that Turkey would not be on the German side.

To stop getting the aids provided by the Marshall Plan.

Turkey should be out of the Lend and Lease Programs.

Turkey was asked to reduce its trade with the Axis countries by 50%.

The granting of military bases to the USSR in the Straits to ensure the joint defense of the waterway.

Açıklama:

Soviets said that the Treaty of Friendship and Neutrality (Nonaggression) of 17 December 1925, which had been the basis of Turkish- Soviet relations for twenty years, would not be extended.
When the Soviets informed Turkey on June 7, 1945, that to renew the treaty, it would be necessary to settle the following outstanding questions: (1) the revision of Turkey’s frontier with the USSR (the ceding of the region of Kars and Ardahan); (2) the granting of military bases to the USSR in the Straits to ensure the joint defense of the waterway; and (3) the revision of the Montreux Convention.
The revision of Turkey’s frontier with the USSR (the ceding of the region of Kars and Ardahan); the granting of military bases to the USSR in the Straits to ensure the joint defense of the waterway; and the revision of the Montreux Convention was asked by the Soviets. Therefore, the correct choice is E.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 38

Which of the following agreements did the US President John F. Kennedy make secretly and without consulting Turkey with the Soviet Union in 1962?

The Defense and Economic Cooperation Agreement

Joint Defense Cooperation Agreement

Agreement on Aid to Turkey

Cyprus Intervention Agreement

Cuban Missile Deal

Açıklama:

Turkey provided the US with bases to monitor and encircle the Soviet Union. In return, the US provided economic aid and defense umbrella. As a result, the US obtained several bases in Turkey during the 1950s through various intricate bilateral agreements, while Turkey received 1.6 billion US dollars between 1948 and 1964 in economic aid. The “honeymoon” between the two countries, however, did not survive the 1962 Cuban missile deal. During the crisis US President John F. Kennedy secretly and without consulting Turkey entered a deal with the Soviet Union, agreeing to remove the Jupiter missiles based in Turkey in exchange for withdrawal of the Soviet missiles from Cuba.
During the crisis US President John F. Kennedy secretly and without consulting Turkey entered a deal with the Soviet Union, agreeing to remove the Jupiter missiles based in Turkey in exchange for withdrawal of the Soviet missiles from Cuba. Therefore, the correct choice is E.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 39

Which country attended the Baghdad Pact meeting as an observer and declared that 'it would consider any attack on the territorial integrity and political independence of any member state as an aggression directed at itself'?

Great Britain

Pakistan

The USA

Iran

Turkey

Açıklama:

The creation of the Baghdad Pact in 1955 by Turkey, Iraq, Great Britain, Pakistan and Iran with the US encouragement behind the scenes was linked to this policy. In fact, the US declared on November 29, 1956, at the Baghdad Pact meeting, where it was attending as an observer, that “it would consider any attack on the territorial integrity and political independence of any member state as an aggression directed at the US.” Later came the declaration of the Eisenhower Doctrine by the President during his address to the Congress on January 5, 1957.
The US declared on November 29, 1956, at the Baghdad Pact meeting, where it was attending as an observer, that “it would consider any attack on the territorial integrity and political independence of any member state as an aggression directed at the US. Therefore, the correct choice is C.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 40

Which of the following is one of the reasons why the US support to Turkey gained momentum after the September 11 attacks?

The energy resources of the Caspian Basin gained more importance for the US and the European Union.

Turkey didn't object the return of Greece to the military structure of NATO.

Turkey is the only secular, democratic, and economically developed Islamic country to be presented as a model.

Turkey was considered as a pivotal state by the USA, that could either upset or enhance American interests within its region.

Turkey was trying to keep intense relations with Israel without attracting much consideration from the Arab World.

Açıklama:

The US support to Turkey received renewed impetus after the September 11 attacks, with Turkey being as the only secular, democratic, and economically developed Islamic country to be presented as a model.
The attacks were organised by fundamentalist groups. Turkey is the only secular, democratic, and economically developed Islamic country to be presented as a model. Therefore, the correct choice is C.

Doğru Cevap: C

Amerıcan Foreıgn Polıcy (ENG) - Tüm Sorular

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