Local Governance (ENG) - Tüm Sorular
Ünite 1
Soru 1
"It signifies the large-scale shift of people from rural areas to urban centers, resulting in the sustained growth and expansion of cities."
Which of the options does the above description define?
Which of the options does the above description define?
Seçenekler
A
Urbanization
B
Milieu
C
Local Government
D
moral principles
E
Hierarchy
Açıklama:
Urbanization signifies the large-scale shift of people from rural areas to urban centers, resulting in the sustained growth and expansion of cities.
Soru 2
Who wrote "The Republic"?
Seçenekler
A
Aristotle
B
Plato
C
Robert Dahl
D
Strauss
E
Chomsky
Açıklama:
Plato, in his work “The Republic,” explored the concept of an ideal state, addressing issues of justice, governance, and the role of rulers
Soru 3
"ORDO" is the name of....
Seçenekler
A
cities
B
towns
C
local council
D
governor
E
municipality
Açıklama:
The basic administrative unit was the city or town (municipium), which typically had its own local council (ordo) composed of wealthy citizens.
Soru 4
Who believed that rulers derived their authority from God but were accountable for their actions to both God and their subjects?
Seçenekler
A
Aquinas
B
Aristotle
C
Plato
D
Machiavelli
E
Chomsky
Açıklama:
He believed that rulers derived their authority from God but were accountable for their actions to both God and their subjects.
Soru 5
Whose dialectical model included thesis-antithesis-synthesis equation?
Seçenekler
A
John Locke
B
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
C
Charles-Louis Montesquieu
D
Robert Dahl
E
Hegel
Açıklama:
Hegel’s dialectical method involved what he would label to be a thesis-antithesis-synthesis equation, that was applied to governance and as mentioned in the previous paragraph it was believed to be a historical progress.
Soru 6
Which of the below is the name of Hegel?
Seçenekler
A
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
B
Georg Wilhelm Friendship Hegel
C
Jeorge Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
D
Georg William Friedrich Hegel
E
Michael Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
Açıklama:
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831)
Hegel wrote only indirectly about local government, but his broader ideas about the state and civil society can be applied to local government.
Hegel wrote only indirectly about local government, but his broader ideas about the state and civil society can be applied to local government.
Soru 7
Where does Jon Stuart Mill from?
Seçenekler
A
The USA
B
England
C
Turkiye
D
Canada
E
Germany
Açıklama:
John Stuart Mill, an English philosopher and economist, advocated for the significance of local government in promoting individual liberty and self-governance.
Soru 8
Which American President wrote an essay on public administration?
Seçenekler
A
George Washington
B
Andrew Jackson
C
Woodrow Wilson
D
Abraham Lincoln
E
Bill Clinton
Açıklama:
In the 19th Century, public administration began to take shape as a distinct discipline, particularly marked by Woodrow Wilson’s influential essay “The Study of Public Administration” in 1887. Wilson’s essay advocated for the Politics-Administration dichotomy, emphasizing the importance of making public administration an instrument dedicated to serving the public interest and facilitating the delivery of public services.
Soru 9
İn which years did Prens Sabahaddin live?
Seçenekler
A
1845-1912
B
1940-1990
C
1887-1940
D
1879-1948
E
1898-1938
Açıklama:
Prens Sabahaddin (1879-1948)
Soru 10
Which of the below is a system characterized by a balance of power between the central government and local
government.
government.
Seçenekler
A
None of the below
B
Corporatist
C
Clientelist
D
Dualist
E
Pluralist
Açıklama:
Pluralist: a system characterized by a balance of power between the central government and local
government.
government.
Ünite 2
Soru 1
I. Free market mechanisms and principles
II. Customer orientation
III. Bigger government
IV. Flexibility and efficiency
Which of the above define(s) market-based approaches?
II. Customer orientation
III. Bigger government
IV. Flexibility and efficiency
Which of the above define(s) market-based approaches?
Seçenekler
A
Only I
B
I and II
C
I-II and III
D
I-II and IV
E
III and IV
Açıklama:
Statements I-II and IV define market-based approaches.
Soru 2
I. It represents a paradigm shift challenging the market-based approaches.
II. It aims to make public administration more responsive, diverse and accessible.
III. It is directed at increasing efficiency and effectiveness in the public sector.
IV. It focuses primarily on the free market and its mechanisms.
Which of the above is/are among the features of public governance?
II. It aims to make public administration more responsive, diverse and accessible.
III. It is directed at increasing efficiency and effectiveness in the public sector.
IV. It focuses primarily on the free market and its mechanisms.
Which of the above is/are among the features of public governance?
Seçenekler
A
Only I
B
Only III
C
I-II and III
D
III and IV
E
I and IV
Açıklama:
Statements I-II and III are among the features of public governance.
Soru 3
In ........................ , the role of public administrators has been constrained basically to the implementation of policies, rules and procedures and production of goods and services directly in a hierarchical bureaucratic system.
Seçenekler
A
traditional public administration
B
market-based approaches
C
public governance
D
free market
E
cross-sector participation
Açıklama:
In traditional public administration, the role of public administrators has been constrained basically to the implementation of policies, rules and procedures and production of goods and services directly in a hierarchical bureaucratic system.
Soru 4
It is the most common form of democracy which highlights the government of the people for the people through their representatives. Which of the following best describes this definition?
Seçenekler
A
Theocracy
B
Representative democracy
C
Restricted democracy
D
Oligarchy
E
Public governance
Açıklama:
This definition is about representative democracy.
Soru 5
It is defined as the formulation and execution of collective action at the local or/and city levels based on the principles of participation, responsiveness, efficiency, effectiveness, openness, transparency, accountability, legitimacy, rule of law, innovation, collaboration, equity, and sustainability.
Which of the following is defined here?
Which of the following is defined here?
Seçenekler
A
Representative democracy
B
Urban governance
C
Totalitarian regime
D
Local governance
E
Participative governance
Açıklama:
Local governance is defined here.
Soru 6
"Citizen Empowerment, Enhanced Participation Mechanisms, Private-Civic Sector Involvement, Pluralizm, Colloboration, Networks, Effective Urban Leadership".
Which of the following is associated with these concepts?
Which of the following is associated with these concepts?
Seçenekler
A
Municipal Governance
B
Plural Democracy
C
Local Entrepreneurship
D
Representative Democracy
E
Participatory and Deliberate Urban Management
Açıklama:
These concepts are associated with Participatory and Deliberate Urban Management
Soru 7
I. Municipality
II. Entrepreneur Associations
III. Universities
IV. Local Press
Which of the above is/are associated with key policy actors related to the city?
II. Entrepreneur Associations
III. Universities
IV. Local Press
Which of the above is/are associated with key policy actors related to the city?
Seçenekler
A
Only I
B
Only II
C
I and III
D
II-III and IV
E
I-II-III and IV
Açıklama:
All of the concepts are associated with the key policy actors related to city.
Soru 8
It refers to transfer or dispersion of resources and decision-making powers to local governments in order to allow them to address local issues, and tackle local problems more effectively and responsively.
Which of the following concepts is defined here?
Which of the following concepts is defined here?
Seçenekler
A
Public governance
B
Localization
C
Decentralization
D
Urbanization
E
Regime
Açıklama:
Decentralization is defined here.
Soru 9
............... model enhances the effectiveness of urban policy/decision-making, and the efficient and effective delivery of urban services by integrating new technologies into urban governance with environmental awareness and human focus.
Seçenekler
A
Smart city
B
Techno city
C
Localized city
D
Democratic city
E
Modern city
Açıklama:
Smart city model enhances the effectiveness of urban policy/decision-making, and the efficient and effective delivery of urban services by integrating new technologies into urban governance with environmental awareness and human focus
Soru 10
I. There are 45 non-metropolitan cities in Türkiye.
II. The new 2005 Municipality Act numbered 5393 redefines the powers, duties and responsibilities of the municipalities in general.
III. The metropolitan mayor is elected by direct popular vote in the whole province.
IV. Metropolitan municipalities have city councils as the formal governance structures responsible for decision/ policy-making.
Which of the above is/are true about urban management and governance in Türkiye?
II. The new 2005 Municipality Act numbered 5393 redefines the powers, duties and responsibilities of the municipalities in general.
III. The metropolitan mayor is elected by direct popular vote in the whole province.
IV. Metropolitan municipalities have city councils as the formal governance structures responsible for decision/ policy-making.
Which of the above is/are true about urban management and governance in Türkiye?
Seçenekler
A
Only I
B
Only III
C
I-II and III
D
II-III and IV
E
I-II-III and IV
Açıklama:
Statements II-III and IV are true about urban management and governance in Türkiye.
Ünite 3
Soru 1
Which of the following describes the public policy analysis?
Seçenekler
A
Public policy analysis is a scientific discipline that deals with the diagnosis and solution of public problems.
B
Public policy analysis is an unscientific discipline that deals with the diagnosis and solution of public problems.
C
Public policy analysis is a scientific discipline that deals with the daily life of public problems.
D
Public policy analysis is a scientific discipline that deals with the diagnosis and solution of public spending.
E
Public policy analysis is an unscientific discipline that deals with the diagnosis and solution of public expenditures.
Açıklama:
Public policy analysis, therefore, to put it briefly,is a scientific discipline that deals with the diagnosis and solution of public problems.
Public policy analysis, therefore, to put it briefly, is a scientific discipline that deals with the diagnosis and solution of public problems.
Public policy analysis, therefore, to put it briefly, is a scientific discipline that deals with the diagnosis and solution of public problems.
Soru 2
Which of the following is the partial or complete separation of power in many countries separated political powers into parts?
Seçenekler
A
locality,
legislative,
judiciary.
legislative,
judiciary.
B
executive,
legislative,
judiciary.
legislative,
judiciary.
C
executive,
longvity,
judiciary.
longvity,
judiciary.
D
executive
legislative,
trial.
legislative,
trial.
E
executive,
legality,
trial.
legality,
trial.
Açıklama:
Partial or complete implementation of the principle of
separation of powers in many countries separated
political power into three parts: executive, legislative,
and judiciary.
separation of powers in many countries separated
political power into three parts: executive, legislative,
and judiciary.
Soru 3
Which one of the following is not one of the public policy actors?
Seçenekler
A
Government
B
Private sector firms
C
Water resources
D
Non-governmental organizations
E
Citizens
Açıklama:
Water resources are not one of the following and are not one of the public policy actors.
Public policy analysis can be done through a cyclical analysis process consisting of the abovementioned stages. Public policy actors such
as the government, private sector firms, and nongovernmental
organizations, research agencies (such as universities, research centers, and think tanks), and citizens involved in various stages of this process also influence policy at local, regional, national,
and international levels.
Public policy analysis can be done through a cyclical analysis process consisting of the abovementioned stages. Public policy actors such
as the government, private sector firms, and nongovernmental
organizations, research agencies (such as universities, research centers, and think tanks), and citizens involved in various stages of this process also influence policy at local, regional, national,
and international levels.
Soru 4
Which of the following are the local governments in Turkey according to the 1982 constitution?
Seçenekler
A
municipalities
special provincial administrations
districts
special provincial administrations
districts
B
municipalities
mukhtarship
villages
mukhtarship
villages
C
regional administrative court
special provincial administrations
villages
special provincial administrations
villages
D
municipalities
special provincial administrations
villages
special provincial administrations
villages
E
regional administrative court
districts
municipalities
districts
municipalities
Açıklama:
In Türkiye, for example,
the local government units listed in the 1982
Turkish Constitution are municipalities, special
provincial administrations, and villages.
In Turkiye, for example,
the local government units listed in the 1982
Turkish Constitution are municipalities, special
provincial administrations, and villages.
the local government units listed in the 1982
Turkish Constitution are municipalities, special
provincial administrations, and villages.
In Turkiye, for example,
the local government units listed in the 1982
Turkish Constitution are municipalities, special
provincial administrations, and villages.
Soru 5
Which of the following is the consequence of the Rearrangement Law No. 6360 enacted in 2012 with the application of the geographical boundaries of the metropolitan municipalities in the 30 provinces and the provincial borders became the same?
Seçenekler
A
Thousands of urbans have become villages and neighborhoods within
the 6360 Law legal rearrangement framework.
the 6360 Law legal rearrangement framework.
B
One of village has become urban neighborhoods within
the 6360 Law legal rearrangement framework.
the 6360 Law legal rearrangement framework.
C
Special provincial administrations in these regions continued to work.
D
Thousands of special provincial administrations have become urban neighborhoods within the 6360 Law legal rearrangement framework.
E
Thousands of villages have become urban neighborhoods within
the 6360 Law legal rearrangement framework.
the 6360 Law legal rearrangement framework.
Açıklama:
In the example of Türkiye, the provisions
of the Rearrangement Law No. 6360 enacted
in 2012 and the secondary regulations enacted
afterward increased the number of metropolitan
municipalities from 16 to 30. The geographical
boundaries of the metropolitan municipalities
in these 30 provinces and the provincial borders
became the same. Special provincial administrations
in these areas have been abolished. Thousands of
villages have become urban neighborhoods within
the same legal rearrangement framework.
of the Rearrangement Law No. 6360 enacted
in 2012 and the secondary regulations enacted
afterward increased the number of metropolitan
municipalities from 16 to 30. The geographical
boundaries of the metropolitan municipalities
in these 30 provinces and the provincial borders
became the same. Special provincial administrations
in these areas have been abolished. Thousands of
villages have become urban neighborhoods within
the same legal rearrangement framework.
Soru 6
Which of the following is not included in the budget constraints of local governments?
Seçenekler
A
Value-added taxes
B
Local taxes
C
Funds from central government
D
Local donors
E
Funds from other actors of the local governance ecosystem
Açıklama:
A different defining characteristic of public
policymaking in the local governance context is
the existence of budget constraints (Craw, 2008).
Although many local governments can collect
a variety of local taxes and receive funds from
the central government as well as from other actors of the local governance ecosystem, such as
local donors, local needs almost always outpace
the amount of available resources.
policymaking in the local governance context is
the existence of budget constraints (Craw, 2008).
Although many local governments can collect
a variety of local taxes and receive funds from
the central government as well as from other actors of the local governance ecosystem, such as
local donors, local needs almost always outpace
the amount of available resources.
Soru 7
Which of the following is not one of the desired results of the city twinning application?
Seçenekler
A
sharing experiences
B
dismantling the historical heritage
C
creating a dialogue
D
diplomacy tool to break prejudices
E
carrying out joint lobbying activities
Açıklama:
Dismantling the historical heritage is not one of the desired results of the city twinning application.
In the editorial of
a special issue of this journal, the reasons for the
formation of city twinning are explained as sharing
experiences, creating a dialogue and diplomacy tool
to break prejudices, carrying out joint lobbying
activities, protecting the historical heritage and
economic cooperation.
In the editorial of
a special issue of this journal, the reasons for the
formation of city twinning are explained as sharing
experiences, creating a dialogue and diplomacy tool
to break prejudices, carrying out joint lobbying
activities, protecting the historical heritage and
economic cooperation.
Soru 8
Which of the following is a correct statement regarding the obligation of municipalities to open children's and women's shelters?
Seçenekler
A
All villages with a population over 100,000 are obliged to open guest houses for women and children.
B
All special provincial administrations with a population over 100,000 are obliged to open guest houses for women and children.
C
Metropolitan municipalities and municipalities with a population over 100,000 are obliged to open guest houses for women and children.
D
Metropolitan municipalities and municipalities with a population over 200,000 are obliged to open guest houses for women and children.
E
All municipalities are obliged to open guest houses for women and children.
Açıklama:
Metropolitan municipalities and municipalities
with a population over 100,000 are obliged to
open guest houses for women and children.
with a population over 100,000 are obliged to
open guest houses for women and children.
Soru 9
Which one of the following is defined as the formal power to block a decision or action?
Seçenekler
A
Extermination
B
Stray
C
İrritable
D
Veto
E
Reminiscing
Açıklama:
Veto, Veto Group, and Veto Power: Veto is defined
as the formal power to block a decision or action
through the refusal of consent.
as the formal power to block a decision or action
through the refusal of consent.
Soru 10
Which one of the following is not a current problem of local governance?
Seçenekler
A
The frequency of natural and human-caused crises is increasing, which exacerbates the sheer volume and complexity of public policy issues.
B
Fragmentation of the local governance ecosystem, requiring careful coordination among multiple actors in local governance.
C
The relative lack of resources of local governments compared to their national counterparts.
D
Low levels of transparency and accountability in local governance processes.
E
Stray dogs and cats looked after very well.
Açıklama:
"Stray dogs and cats looked after very well" is not a current problem of local governance.
Ünite 4
Soru 1
Which one of the following is the process through which economic, political, and administrative authority is exercised in managing a country’s affairs at all levels of its hierarchy?
Seçenekler
A
Governance
B
Accountability
C
Responsiveness
D
Efficiency
E
Rule of law
Açıklama:
Governance: The process through which
economic, political, and administrative
authority is exercised in managing a country’s
affairs at all levels of its hierarchy.
economic, political, and administrative
authority is exercised in managing a country’s
affairs at all levels of its hierarchy.
Soru 2
Which one of the following is the key principle of the central governance process framework?
Seçenekler
A
participation
representation
stray animals
representation
stray animals
B
participation
representation
fair elections
representation
fair elections
C
unipolar
representation
fair elections
representation
fair elections
D
participation
responsiveness
fair elections
responsiveness
fair elections
E
participation
representation
objectives
representation
objectives
Açıklama:
Throughout the governance process, fundamental principles are guiding its structure and operations.
thus ensuring that the organization functions with accountability, responsibility, and transparency. Three
Key principles are central to this framework: participation, representation, and fair elections.
thus ensuring that the organization functions with accountability, responsibility, and transparency. Three
Key principles are central to this framework: participation, representation, and fair elections.
Soru 3
Which of the following is the significant effect of the governance model to local governance?
Seçenekler
A
Flexibility
Active participation
Active participation
B
Transparency
No participation
No participation
C
Transparency
Active participation
Active participation
D
Administration
Active participation
Active participation
E
Transparency
Objective contribution
Objective contribution
Açıklama:
In terms of local governance, the governance
model has a significant impact on several aspects.
It promotes transparency and active participation,
ensuring transparent and comprehensive decisionmaking
processes at the local level.
model has a significant impact on several aspects.
It promotes transparency and active participation,
ensuring transparent and comprehensive decisionmaking
processes at the local level.
Soru 4
Which one of the following is not a princeple of good governance?
Seçenekler
A
Human Rights, Cultural Diversity & Social Cohesion
B
Innovation and Openness to Change
C
Participation, Representation, and Fair Conduct of elections
D
Welfare of the stray animals
E
Sound Financial Management
Açıklama:
Welfare of the stray animals is not a princeple of good governance.
Soru 5
Which of the following is the increasing flow of goods, ideas, and ideologies, capital, and people all over the world?
Seçenekler
A
Human rights
B
Rule of law
C
Efficency
D
Accountability
E
Globalization
Açıklama:
The concept of globalization explains the increasing flow of goods, ideas and ideologies, capital and people
all over the world.
all over the world.
Soru 6
Which one of the following highlights the interdependency of local, national, and global levels in the globalization discourse, presenting a spectrum of new opportunities and challenges for national administrations?
Seçenekler
A
Glocalization
B
Accountability
C
Efficency
D
Effectiveness
E
Rule of law
Açıklama:
Glocalization, highlights the interdependency
of local, national, and global levels in the
globalization discourse, presenting a spectrum
of new opportunities and challenges for
national administrations.
of local, national, and global levels in the
globalization discourse, presenting a spectrum
of new opportunities and challenges for
national administrations.
Soru 7
Which one of the following heralds a paradigm shift in public sector administration that emphasizes productivity, client-centered services,
and effective resource management?
and effective resource management?
Seçenekler
A
Stray animal welfare
B
New public management
C
Accountability
D
Rule of law
E
Human Rights
Açıklama:
New public management (NPM) heralds a
paradigm shift in public sector administration that
emphasizes productivity, client-centered services,
and effective resource management.
paradigm shift in public sector administration that
emphasizes productivity, client-centered services,
and effective resource management.
Soru 8
Which one of the following is not a function of administration with the positive impact of technology adoption?
Seçenekler
A
Planning
B
Organizing
C
Efficency
D
Staffing
E
Directing
Açıklama:
The positive impact of technology adoption can
be felt in all the functions of administration, listed in
the POSDCORB acronym (Planning, Organizing,
Staffing, Directing, Co-Ordinating, Reporting and
Budgeting).
be felt in all the functions of administration, listed in
the POSDCORB acronym (Planning, Organizing,
Staffing, Directing, Co-Ordinating, Reporting and
Budgeting).
Soru 9
Which one of the following is reshaping the landscape of urban development by significantly improving sustainability?
of economies and the well-being of citizens?
of economies and the well-being of citizens?
Seçenekler
A
Glocalization
B
Globalization
C
Accountability
D
Smart cities
E
Stakeholders
Açıklama:
Smart cities are reshaping the landscape of urban development by significantly improving the sustainability
of economies and the well-being of citizens.
of economies and the well-being of citizens.
Soru 10
Which one of the following is not one of the technology-driven solutions to enhance public safety, environmental health, and resource sustainability in smart cities?
Seçenekler
A
artificial intelligence
B
data analytics
C
mobile platforms
D
advance techologies
E
rule of law
Açıklama:
Smart cities are a progressive vision for urban development where technology-driven solutions are integrated to enhance public safety, environmental health, and resource sustainability. In these cities,
Advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, data analytics, and mobile platforms are integrated into the urban landscape to maximize resource efficiency and effectiveness.
Advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, data analytics, and mobile platforms are integrated into the urban landscape to maximize resource efficiency and effectiveness.
Ünite 5
Soru 1
When was the use of technology in government first scientifically examined?
Seçenekler
A
1950s
B
1960s
C
1970s
D
1990s
E
2000s
Açıklama:
The use of technology in government was scientifically examined for the first time in the 1970s when computers began to enter workplaces in large numbers in many different sectors in developed countries.
Soru 2
Which of the following is said to be one of the macro trigger of new public management?
Seçenekler
A
Oil crisis
B
Corruption
C
Corporate tax cuts
D
Completion of deficiencies of the NPM
E
Lack of participation
Açıklama:
Oil crisis and economic crises is said to be the macro triggering factors of new public management, while others more related with the good governance.
Soru 3
Which of the following term describes the formal written protocols and arrangements between local governments/cities of the same country or two cities from different countries?
Seçenekler
A
Municapality arrangements
B
Sister city agreements
C
New administration protocols
D
Public administration protocols
E
City management agreements
Açıklama:
City twinning or sister city agreements are formal written protocols and various arrangements between local governments/ cities of the same country or two cities from different countries.
Soru 4
Which of the following is an example of a Generation 1 type of digital local governance service channels/standards?
Seçenekler
A
Government Metaverse Presence
B
Government Social Media Accounts
C
Mobile Government Platforms
D
Government Websites
E
Mobile Government Applications
Açıklama:
The standard for digital local public service provision is continuously evolving in parallel with technological changes. In the 1990s, digital local governance via a local government website became the norm and it is known as the Generation 1 type.
Soru 5
Which is an example of the latest generation of digital local governance service channels/standards?
Seçenekler
A
Government Websites
B
Mobile Government Applications
C
Mobile Government Platforms
D
Government Social Media Accounts
E
Government Metaverse Presence
Açıklama:
In the 2020s, new and emerging technologies, such as the metaverse and artificial intelligence applications, are increasingly used by local government units, and this trend resembles the latest generation is use.
Soru 6
Which of the following aspects of digital local governance enhances trust among citizens?
Seçenekler
A
Transparency
B
Cost Effectiveness
C
Price Premium
D
Access Inequality
E
Data Visualization
Açıklama:
One of the benefits of digital local governance practices is enhancing transparency and accountability. When the users of online government information and services access government data, documentation, and how and by whom the decisions in government are being taken, it is more likely that the trust between the local government and the other actors of the local governance ecosystem.
Soru 7
Which of the following is not among the risk associated with digital local governance?
Seçenekler
A
Cybersecurity
B
Widening the digital divide
C
Heightening the concerns for personal data privacy
D
Overreliance on technology
E
Decreasing existing gaps in digital literacy
Açıklama:
Digital local governance practices are exacerbating existing gaps in digital literacy. Without properly identifying these gaps, providing training in digital literacy, and implementing support systems, individuals, groups, and communities will struggle to access and benefit from the advantages of local digital governance.
Soru 8
Which of the following is unrelated to the possible positive outcomes of the centralized service delivery option?
Seçenekler
A
Decreasing client satisfaction
B
One-stop and instant control of electronic governance-related data through data security and privacy processes
C
Ensuring similarity of content at the national level
D
Preventing the difference in local governance quality and performance between institutions
E
Reducing the waste of resources due to the lack of services by setting up separate websites/ platforms
Açıklama:
Possible positive outcomes of the centralized service delivery option are;
i. Reducing the waste of resources due to the lack of services by setting up separate websites/ platforms,
ii. Preventing the difference in local governance quality and performance between institutions,
iii. Ensuring similarity of content at the national level,
iv. One-stop and instant control of electronic governance-related data through data security and privacy processes and
v. Increasing satisfaction.
i. Reducing the waste of resources due to the lack of services by setting up separate websites/ platforms,
ii. Preventing the difference in local governance quality and performance between institutions,
iii. Ensuring similarity of content at the national level,
iv. One-stop and instant control of electronic governance-related data through data security and privacy processes and
v. Increasing satisfaction.
Soru 9
Which of the following is not part of the acronym SMART?
Seçenekler
A
Specificity
B
Measurable
C
Accountable
D
Realistic
E
Time-Related
Açıklama:
SMART is actually an abbreviation that briefly emphasizes features such as Specificity and being Measurable, Assignable, Realistic, and Time-Related.
Soru 10
Which of the following can be given as an example of a hybrid model of electronic governance systems?
Seçenekler
A
CIMER
B
YERELNET
C
TODAİE
D
SMART
E
e-TR
Açıklama:
The YERELNET is an example of a hybrid model. The YERELNET system has established a virtual connection and interaction network connecting all local government units (municipalities, special provincial administrations, villages, municipal companies and affiliates, local government associations, and other local government organizations) throughout Türkiye.
Ünite 6
Soru 1
The term metropolitan area or metropolis refers to a/an ................................ and its neighboring suburbs that are economically integrated.
Seçenekler
A
crowded city
B
small city
C
large city
D
rich city
E
underground city
Açıklama:
The term metropolitan area or metropolis refers to a large city and its neighboring suburbs that are economically integrated.
The term metropolitan area or metropolis refers to a large city and its neighboring suburbs that are economically integrated.
The term metropolitan area or metropolis refers to a large city and its neighboring suburbs that are economically integrated.
Soru 2
Which of the following stands for the universal term used for the metropolitan municipality in USA?
Seçenekler
A
Standard Metropolitan Labor Market Area (SMLA)
B
Census Metropolitan Area (CMA)
C
Densely Inhabited District (DID)
D
Regional Economic Cluster (REC)
E
Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)
Açıklama:
In the USA, it is the Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA); in Canada, the Census Metropolitan Area (CMA); in Britain, the unofficial Standard Metropolitan Labor Market Area (SMLA) or Daily Urban System (DUS); in Australia, the census explained urban district; in France, the agglomeration; in Japan, the Densely Inhabited District (DID) and Regional Economic Cluster (REC); in Germany the Stadt Region; in Sweden the labor market area (Bourne and Simmons, 1982: 57-58); in Indonesia, urban agglomeration or designated metropolitan governments; in Türkiye, the greater municipality as the literal translation of the related principal regulations or in universal terms the metropolitan municipality.
In the USA, it is the Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA).
In the USA, it is the Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA).
Soru 3
During the 1990s, shifts in the local public sector and services have been examined through different ........................., such as a postwelfare agenda, a transition from government to governance, and postFordism.
Seçenekler
A
analytical viewpoints
B
qualities
C
critical merits
D
traditions
E
developments
Açıklama:
During the 1990s, these shifts in the local public sector and services have been examined through different analytical viewpoints, such as a postwelfare agenda, a transition from government to governance, and postFordism.
During the 1990s, these shifts in the local public sector and services have been examined through different analytical viewpoints, such as a postwelfare agenda, a transition from government to governance, and postFordism.
During the 1990s, these shifts in the local public sector and services have been examined through different analytical viewpoints, such as a postwelfare agenda, a transition from government to governance, and postFordism.
Soru 4
Which of the following was not mentioned among the four major metropolises in the book "Struggling Giants"?
Seçenekler
A
London
B
New York
C
Paris
D
Moscow
E
Tokyo
Açıklama:
Paul Kantor and four of his famous friends or experts on urban studies (Kantor et al., 2012) examined London, New York, Paris, and Tokyo as city-regions and from a city-region governance perspective and called these four major metropolises or global city-regions “struggling giants” but with major differences on governance models of each. The book title is Struggling Giants: City-Region Governance in London, New York, Paris, and Tokyo.
Moscow, The book title is Struggling Giants: City-Region Governance in London, New York, Paris, and Tokyo.
Moscow, The book title is Struggling Giants: City-Region Governance in London, New York, Paris, and Tokyo.
Soru 5
Which of the following is not among the four central tenets of the metropolitan region/governance debate that Harrison and Hoyler presented ?
Seçenekler
A
periodisation and trajectories
B
security and privatisation
C
democracy and accountability
D
form and function
E
fragility and mobilisation
Açıklama:
Instead of examining directly legal and political arrangements on metropolitan area management, from a different focus point or angle, John Harrison and Michael Hoyler (2014) “identify four central tenets of the metropolitan region/governance debate and discuss their relevance for future research on city-regions: (1) periodisation and trajectories, (2) democracy and accountability, (3) form and function, and (4) fragility and mobilisation.
John Harrison and Michael Hoyler (2014) “identify four central tenets (1) periodisation and trajectories, (2) democracy and accountability, (3) form and function, and (4) fragility and mobilisation.
John Harrison and Michael Hoyler (2014) “identify four central tenets (1) periodisation and trajectories, (2) democracy and accountability, (3) form and function, and (4) fragility and mobilisation.
Soru 6
What does PCT stand for?
Seçenekler
A
Polycentricity
B
Public Chaos Theory
C
Public Choice Theory
D
Private Customization Theory
E
Personal Comfort Theory
Açıklama:
Several theoretical approaches provide frameworks for understanding and improving metropolitan government and governance. Here are some key theoretical approaches to metropolitan governance: Charles Tiebout and Public Choice Theory (PCT).
Soru 7
Which of the following is a criticism of PCT in metropolitan governance?
Seçenekler
A
fragmentation
B
persuasion
C
equality
D
free-transport
E
corruption
Açıklama:
Criticisms of PCT in metropolitan governance are organized as 1) fragmentation, 2) inequality, 3) free-rider problem.
Criticisms of PCT in metropolitan governance are organized as 1) fragmentation, 2) inequality, 3) free-rider problem.
Criticisms of PCT in metropolitan governance are organized as 1) fragmentation, 2) inequality, 3) free-rider problem.
Soru 8
Key proponents of Governance and Institutional Theory, whose work on institutions and their role in economic and political outcomes, emphasized the importance of both formal rules and .................................... in shaping behavior and governance.
Seçenekler
A
regulations
B
public opinion
C
legislations
D
procedures
E
informal norms
Açıklama:
Key proponents of Governance and Institutional Theory, whose work on institutions and their role in economic and political outcomes, emphasized the importance of both formal rules (laws, regulations) and informal norms (traditions, cultures) in shaping behavior and governance.
Soru 9
Which of the following is not among the distinctive features of New Urbanism originated in the USA during the 1980s?
Seçenekler
A
walkability
B
green-area planning
C
mixed-use development
D
public transportation
E
community engagement
Açıklama:
New Urbanism originated in the USA during the 1980s as a response to suburban sprawl and automobiledependent cities. This movement has shaped metropolitan governance through its distinctive
features: 1) Walkability, 2) mixed-use development, 3) public transportation, and 4) community engagement.
This movement has shaped metropolitan governance through its distinctive features: 1) Walkability, 2) mixed-use development, 3) public transportation, and 4) community engagement.
features: 1) Walkability, 2) mixed-use development, 3) public transportation, and 4) community engagement.
This movement has shaped metropolitan governance through its distinctive features: 1) Walkability, 2) mixed-use development, 3) public transportation, and 4) community engagement.
Soru 10
By 2050, it is estimated that urban areas will house over .............. of the global population.
Seçenekler
A
all
B
half
C
a quarter
D
two-thirds
E
three quarters
Açıklama:
By 2050 urban areas will house over two-thirds of the global population.
By 2050 urban areas will house over two-thirds of the global population.
By 2050 urban areas will house over two-thirds of the global population.
Ünite 7
Soru 1
................................. which manifested itself in the form of everyone gathering in a square and expressing their opinions in decisionmaking, was also called “direct democracy”.
Seçenekler
A
Local Service
B
Local democracy
C
Local Autonomy
D
Local Participation
E
Local Boundaries and Scale
Açıklama:
In practice, local democracy, which manifested itself in the form of everyone gathering in a square and expressing their opinions in decisionmaking, was also called “direct democracy”.
Soru 2
............................... emerges as a new area of debate where citizens can exercise their democratic rights.
Seçenekler
A
Local democracy
B
Local service
C
Local legitimacy
D
Local autonomy
E
Local participation
Açıklama:
Either way, in terms of local governance, local participation emerges as a new area of debate where citizens can exercise their democratic rights (Michels and De Graaf, 2010)
Soru 3
The basic service provided by local government units to sustain daily life in an area is called ........................ .
Seçenekler
A
local service
B
urban politics
C
local legitimacy
D
local autonomy
E
local scale
Açıklama:
As a result, the basic services provided by local government units to sustain daily life in a locality are called local services.
Soru 4
In local political processes, the acceptance of local power for reasons stemming from the nature and dynamics of localities is called gaining ............................. .
Seçenekler
A
rural politics
B
local scale
C
local legitimacy
D
local democracy
E
local autonomy
Açıklama:
In local political processes, the acceptance of local power for reasons stemming from the nature and dynamics of localities is called gaining local legitimacy.
Soru 5
TWhich of the following is not among the goals of sustainable development?
Seçenekler
A
No Poverty
B
Zero Hunger
C
Good Health
D
Economic Wellbeing
E
Quality Education
Açıklama:
The goals of sustainable development, which includes participation in almost every aspect, are as follows:
• No Poverty
• Zero Hunger
• Good Health and Wellbeing
• Quality Education
• Gender Equality
• Clean Water and Sanitation
• Affordable and Clean Energy
• Decent Work and Economic Growth
• Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
• Reduced Inequalities
• Sustainable Cities and Communities
• Responsible Production and Consumption
• Climate Action
• Life Below Water
• Life on Land
• Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions
• Partnerships
Economic Wellbeing
• No Poverty
• Zero Hunger
• Good Health and Wellbeing
• Quality Education
• Gender Equality
• Clean Water and Sanitation
• Affordable and Clean Energy
• Decent Work and Economic Growth
• Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
• Reduced Inequalities
• Sustainable Cities and Communities
• Responsible Production and Consumption
• Climate Action
• Life Below Water
• Life on Land
• Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions
• Partnerships
Economic Wellbeing
Soru 6
Which of the following cannot be an objective of local participation?
Seçenekler
A
Common sense
B
Development of civil society
C
Common wealth
D
Development of urban culture
E
Active citizenship
Açıklama:
OBJECTIVES OF PARTICIPATION
Participation is not an end in itself. Rather, it is a means to other important objective such as restoring or achieving common sense in public affairs, development of a vibrant civil society, and development of urban culture and identity as well as inclusion. This section analyzes and explains the underlying objectives of participation.
Common wealth
Participation is not an end in itself. Rather, it is a means to other important objective such as restoring or achieving common sense in public affairs, development of a vibrant civil society, and development of urban culture and identity as well as inclusion. This section analyzes and explains the underlying objectives of participation.
Common wealth
Soru 7
................................................... aim to bring together a number of citizens through a random selection and to develop policies on an issue for which a solution is sought within a certain time.
Seçenekler
A
Common sense
B
Participatory budgeting
C
Active citizenship
D
Social assistance
E
Citizens’ assembly
Açıklama:
Citizens’ assemblies which have examples in the Anglo-Saxon experience in countries such as England, Ireland and Scotland, as well as in other countries such as Taiwan and Poland, aim to bring together thematically a certain number of citizens through a random selection and to develop policies on an issue for which a solution is sought within a certain time, rather than a structure dependent on municipalities as in Türkiye.
Citizens’ assembly
Citizens’ assembly
Soru 8
Which of the following is not among the challenges that participation of local governance can face in the future?
Seçenekler
A
climate crisis resilience
B
economic depression
C
migration
D
social justice
E
inclusion challenge
Açıklama:
Some of these challenges can be listed as the climate crisis resilience and engagement challenge, the community power and participation in social movements challenge, and the migration, social justice, and inclusion challenge.
economic depression
economic depression
Soru 9
Not only droughts but also the threatened extinction of species and many other acute impacts are becoming increasingly felt in our neighbourhood due to the .............................................. .
Seçenekler
A
pollution
B
migration
C
inclusion
D
climate change
E
centralization
Açıklama:
Extreme climate events, droughts, critical changes in the balance of the world’s ecosystems, the rapid extinction or threatened extinction of species and many other acute impacts are becoming increasingly felt, leading governments, first in Paris in 2016 and then in Glasgow in 2021, to set ambitious targets to keep the global temperature rise below a certain level.
climate change
climate change
Soru 10
....................................... is one of the most important aspects of the migration problem
Seçenekler
A
Urban citizenship
B
The second generation
C
Belonging to a city
D
Capitalist system
E
Citizen participation
Açıklama:
However, urban citizenship is one of the most important aspects of the migration problem.
However, urban citizenship is one of the most important aspects of the migration problem.
However, urban citizenship is one of the most important aspects of the migration problem.