Global Polıtıcal Economy (ENG) - Siyaset Bilimi ve Kamu Yönetimi (İngilizce)

Ünite 1

Soru 1

According to Aristo, what did the concept of political economy mean?

An ideology that should be embraced by kings

A tax imposed to cover the state expenses

An academic discipline bridging politics and economics

A sophisticated method of tax collection

A certain system of accounting

Açıklama:

The first person to use this concept is the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle. He defined the concept of political economy as a tax imposed to cover the expenses of the state.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 2

Which of the following is not true for the field of international political economy?

Globalization accelerated its development process

It has a semi-autonomous structure

It should be studied not only theoretically but also empirically

It is a branch of science where the economic and the political systems work together

Its development as a separate discipline has led to the establishment of international organizations

Açıklama:

The main characteristics of the International Political Economy can be listed as follows (Al, 2015: 147): • IPE is a branch of science in which the economic system and the political system work together. • IPE is not a branch of science that can only be studied theoretically. • With globalization, the development process of IPE has accelerated. • Due to the large number of terms it covers and uses, it covers a wide area that can be understood with different approaches. • IPE has an autonomous structure. • The emergence and development of IPE as a separate discipline has led to the establishment of international organizations

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 3

Which of the following concepts is usually associated with the Marxist approach?

Discourse

Security

Exploitation

Gender equality

Anarchy

Açıklama:

There are some concepts associated with these five theories. In the Realist approach, nation states, power, survival, security, and anarchy; in the Liberal approach, the individual, capital flows, open market, and invisible hand; in the Marxist approach, class, interest, exploitation, bourgeois, and proletariat; in the Constructivist approach, idea, norm, discourse, belief, and structure-maker relationship; and in the Feminist approach, concepts such as gender equality, sexist exploitation, and the end to oppression come to the fore.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 4

Which of the following concepts is not associated with the Realist approach?

Power

Survival

Security

Anarchy

Norm

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 5

Which of the following can be defined as "the working class that is working for a wage for the profit of the employer class with the means of production"?

Proletariat

Farmers

Employers

Secretariat

Miners

Açıklama:

Proletariat: Marx used proletariat to define the working class that is working for a wage for the profit of the employer class with the means of production, which was used to define the subclass of society until the 19th century.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 6

Who is the founder of the world systems theory?

Emile Durkheim

Douglass North

Michael Mann

Immanuel Wallerstein

Karl Marx

Açıklama:

The founder of this theory is Immanuel Wallerstein. This theory emerged as a continuation of the analysis of social scientists such as Karl Marx, Max Weber, and Emile Durkheim, and the concept of “semi-periphery countries” was added to the concepts of core-periphery countries.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 7

Which of the following theories puts the "state" as its basic unit of analysis?

Realism

Liberalism

Marxism

Modernism

Utilitarianism

Açıklama:

The basic unit of analysis in realism/mercantilism is the "state" and the main purpose of national economy is to increase the power of the state with national economic development.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 8

When did the first phase of globalization start?

14th century

15th century

16th century

17th century

18th century

Açıklama:

Globalization, which is considered as a process, consists of four waves-four stages (İrge & Al, 2017: 463). The first phase started with the conquest of Istanbul, by Fatih Sultan Mehmet, which ended the Byzantine Empire, closed the Middle Ages, and symbolized the beginning of the New Age. After the invention of the big cannons, and the Ottoman’s dominating the Silk and Spice trade routes, the Western actors, who are looking for new quests, made geographical discoveries as a result of these searches. Western states, which obtained precious metals in the new regions reached with these discoveries, claimed that the real wealth was these mines and led to the emergence of mercantilist thinking, which is the understanding that will dominate global trade for three centuries (Elçin, 2012: 7). The first wave of globalization that began in the 1490s was experienced by the influence of mercantilism and resulted in colonialism.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 9

What does the word "polis" mean in Ancient Greek?

Independent city-state

Tax collection

State management

City walls

Accounting

Açıklama:

The concept of political economy, based on the words “polis” (independent city state) and “oikonomike” (management of assets) in ancient Greek, means the management of a country’s people or state.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 10

Who is the intellectual father of the Imperialist Theory?

Friedrich Engels

Immanuel Wallerstein

Emile Durkheim

Vladimir I. Lenin

Karl Marx

Açıklama:

Soviet leader Vladimir I. Lenin, the intellectual father of the Imperialist Theory, reached the highest level of capitalism. According to Lenin, who based his ideas on Marxist theory, in the global system, the imperialist states cannot find the opportunity to convert their capital into investment in industrialized countries.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 11

When did IPE-International Political Economy-emerge?

1970s

1980s

1990s

1960s

1950s

Açıklama:

When the literature is examined, it is seen that the emergence of IPE is started in the 1970s and it is emphasized that it has a short history in the field of social sciences. However, it is clear that the concept of political economy, derived from the merger of two words in ancient Greek, was first used by Aristotle.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 12

What is the shortened form of International Political economy?

EPE

IPE

EPI

EIP

IPP

Açıklama:

When we look at the literature, it is seen that the concept of International Political Economy (IPE) and the concept of International Economy Politic (IEP) are used interchangeably.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 13

What does "oikonomike" mean?

independent city state

management of states

management of assets

dependent city management

independent management of assets

Açıklama:

The concept of political economy, based on the words “polis” (independent city state) and “oikonomike” (management of assets) in ancient Greek, means the management of a country’s people or state.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 14

Which of the below is NOT one of the four levels of analysis of IPE?

Global level

Inter-state level

State-society level

Personal level

Individual level

Açıklama:

IPE, with its four levels of analysis, can find solutions by examining, investigating, criticizing and interpreting many issues such as global crises, wars, collaborations, and human behaviors as a whole. We can sort the four levels of analysis of IPE from top to bottom as global level, inter-state level, state-society level and individual level.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 15

Which nation(s) controlled trade between 5th and 13th century?

Venetians and Spanish

Portugese and Ottomans

Chinese

British and Dutch

Roman Empire, Vikings and Arabs

Açıklama:

The international trade has been under the control of the Roman Empire, the Vikings and the Arabs from the 5th century to the 13th century, and from the 13th century onwards, different dimensions have been reached with the invention of ships. It’s seen that in the 14th and 15th centuries, the Venetians, the Spanish, the Portuguese, the Ottomans, and the Chinese; and in the 17th century, British and Dutch were highly active in trade. The important point here is that mercantilism that emerged by the influence of Machiavelli between the 15th and 18th centuries dominated the international arena.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 16

In which of the following centuries did England lose its status as a hegemonic state within the International System?

19th Century

18th Century

17th Century

16th Century

15th Century

Açıklama:

As a result of this war, the political map of the world was redrawn and the colonial areas were redistributed according to the secret treaties made during the war. During the nineteenth century, Britain lost its status as a hegemonic state in the international system, and instead the United States became a new hegemonic state.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 17

What does IMF stand for?

International Municipality Form

International Monetary Fund

International Modern Fund

International Money Form

International Movers Fund

Açıklama:

The economic dimension of international relations has lost a great deal of importance during the period when the powerful states of the global system have minimized the conflicts in the economy thanks to the institutions (International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank (WB) and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)) established under the Bretton Woods system.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 18

Which of the following is one of the concepts that come to the fore within the scope of the Feminist Approach?

Anarchy

Open market

Sexist exploitation

Proletariat

Norm

Açıklama:

In the Realist approach, nation states, power, survival, security, and anarchy; in the Liberal approach, the individual, capital flows, open market, and invisible hand; in the Marxist approach, class, interest, exploitation, bourgeois, and proletariat; in the Constructivist approach, idea, norm, discourse, belief, and structure-maker relationship; and in the Feminist approach, concepts such as gender equality, sexist exploitation, and the end to oppression come to the fore

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 19

Who developed World System Theory?

Karl Marx

Max Weber

Emile Durkheim

Immanuel Wallerstein

Immanuel Kant

Açıklama:

we must mention Immanuel Wallerstein, who has left its mark on this period with his World System Theory. This theory emerged as a continuation of the analysis of social scientists such as Karl Marx, Max Weber, and Emile Durkheim, and the concept of “semi-periphery countries” was added to the concepts of core-periphery countries.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 20

Which of the following concepts refers to "the sale and purchase of goods and services and all values that can be expressed with money for the purpose of profit"?

Governance

Hegemony

Globalization

Energy

Trade

Açıklama:

Trade: The sale and purchase of goods and services and all values that can be expressed with money for the purpose of profit.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 21

When did the emergence of International Political Economy start?

1950s

1960s

1970s

1980s

1990s

Açıklama:

When the literature is examined, it is seen that the emergence of International Political Economy (IPE) is started in the 1970s and it is emphasized that it has a short history in the field of social sciences. However, it is clear that the concept of political economy, derived from the merger of two words in ancient Greek, was first used by Aristotle. This situation proves that the political economy is not a new concept, but a pre-existing concept that was realized again in the 1970s.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 22

The concept of political economy, based on the words ........... and “oikonomike” (management of assets) in ancient Greek.
Which of the following options correctly fills in the blank above?

state

government

hamuarbi

polis

hegemon

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 23

Which of the following scholars emphasized that economic and political events combined and created many problems while describing political economy?

Gilpin

Marx

Aristotle

Strange

Montesquieu

Açıklama:

While explaining the political economy, Gilpin emphasizes that economic and political events unite and create many problems.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 24

In which of the following periods were economics and politics handled separately?

Marxist period

Industrial Revolution

Pax-Britannica

Hegemon State

Mercantilism

Açıklama:

The important point here is that mercantilism that emerged by the influence of Machiavelli between the 15th and 18th centuries dominated the international arena. In this period, when the economy and politics were handled separately, the issues such as state, state sovereignty, protectionist policies, limitation of imports and encouragement of exports, and the fact that states did not interfere in each other’s internal affairs have come to the fore and spread to Continental Europe.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 25

Who, with his work “Wealth of Nations”, opposed mercantilist thought?

Keynes

Lenin

Smith

Machiavelli

Marx

Açıklama:

Adam Smith, with his work “Wealth of Nations”, opposed mercantilist thought. He advocated the self-regulating market, foreseeing the reduction of the role of the state in the market and highlighted the concepts of division of labor, labor efficiency, capital accumulation, private property, and free trade. In this period where economics and politics were discussed together, significant changes were experienced in economic, cultural and political life with the adoption of these concepts by economists and politicians.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 26

Which one of the following historical events started the “Pax Americana” period throughout which politics and economy have been tried to be handled separately?

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

Cold War

Great Depression

Disintegration of the USSR

Creation of America’s Bretton Woods system

Açıklama:

The world trade has been interrupted due to the world wars, the willingness of states to survive, the desire to protect the borders of the states, political and economic conflicts between the states and similar reasons. This situation revealed the necessity of re-activating and stabilizing world trade. America’s Bretton Woods (1944) system has fulfilled this requirement. With the creation of this system, the “Pax Americana” period, which will last until the beginning of the 1970s, started. Throughout this process, politics and economy have been tried to be handled separately.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 27

Which of the following is an alternative approach to help us explain International Political Economics?

Realism

Mercantilism

Constructivism

Liberalism

Marxism

Açıklama:

From this point of view, we can list the main approaches to help us explain IPE as Mercantilism/Realism, Liberalism and Marxism, and alternative approaches as Constructivism and Feminism. There are some concepts associated with these five theories. In the Realist approach, nation states, power, survival, security, and anarchy; in the Liberal approach, the individual, capital flows, open market, and invisible hand; in the Marxist approach, class, interest, exploitation, bourgeois, and proletariat; in the Constructivist approach, idea, norm, discourse, belief, and structure-maker relationship; and in the Feminist approach, concepts such as gender equality, sexist exploitation, and the end to oppression come to the fore (Al, 2015: 147-148). Since the theories of IPE are included as a separate section in the second part of this book, the theories here are explained in a short and concise way.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 28

In which approach below "nation states, power, survival, security, and anarchy" come to the fore?

Realist

Constructivist

Feminist

Marxist

Liberal

Açıklama:

In the Realist approach, nation states, power, survival, security, and anarchy; in the Liberal approach, the individual, capital flows, open market, and invisible hand; in the Marxist approach, class, interest, exploitation, bourgeois, and proletariat; in the Constructivist approach, idea, norm, discourse, belief, and structure-maker relationship; and in the Feminist approach, concepts such as gender equality, sexist exploitation, and the end to oppression come to the fore.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 29

Which of the following statements is used to describe the situation where each decision-making unit acts to maximize its own benefit rather than the benefit of society, thus eliminating excess supply or demand and balancing the market?

Complex interdependence

Invisible hand

Comparative advantage

Proletariat

World System Theory

Açıklama:

According to liberals, national wealth depends on production and economic development. In this theory which adds the concept of “invisible hand” to the literature, the duty of the state; on the one hand, to give the markets as much freedom as possible (minimum level of state intervention) and on the other hand to prevent the dangers that may come into the market with international rules and regulations. Thus, the formation of the market can be achieved in a free and competitive environment.
Invisible hand: In the market mechanism, each decision-making unit acts to maximize the self-interest instead of the benefit of society, hence the excess of demand or supply is eliminated and the market is balanced.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 30

Between which countries was Pastor Brunson Incident experienced?

Russia and The USA

Turkey and The USA

China and Japan

Britain and France

China and Russia

Açıklama:

Due to the Pastor Brunson Incident experienced past year, Turkey has its share of the threats and sanctions from the United States. Before discussing the background of the issue and the US efforts to direct Turkey to act as it wants through economic sanctions, it is necessary to briefly analyze the Pastor Brunson Incident between the two countries. Andrew Craig Brunson, the American Pastor of the Resurrection Church in Izmir, who had been living in Izmir for many years, was taken into custody in October 2016 following the July 15, 2016 coup attempt. However, he was arrested in December 2016 on charges of being a member of the Fethullah Gulen Community while he was waiting to be returned at the repatriation centre in the Bornova district of Izmir. The pastor, whose cases continue from December 2016 to July 2018, tried on charges such as membership of the terrorist organization, trying to end the Republic of Turkey, and providing secret information that should remain confidential for political and military espionage, rejected the charges, and, after nearly two years of imprisonment, his imprisonment was turned into a house arrest in July 2018.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 31

Which one of the following is not one of the main characteristics of International Political Economy?

IPE is a branch of science in which the economic system and the political system work together

IPE is not a branch of science that can only be studied theoretically

With globalization, the development process of IPE has accelerated

IPE does not have an autonomous structure

The emergence and development of IPE as a separate discipline has led to the establishment of international organizations

Açıklama:

The main characteristics of the International
Political Economy can be listed as follows (Al,
2015: 147):
• IPE is a branch of science in which the
economic system and the political system
work together.
• IPE is not a branch of science that can only
be studied theoretically.
• With globalization, the development
process of IPE has accelerated.
• Due to the large number of terms it covers
and uses, it covers a wide area that can be
understood with different approaches.
• IPE has an autonomous structure.
• The emergence and development of
IPE as a separate discipline has led
to the establishment of international
organizations

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 32

When did the Pax Americana Period start?

1940

1942

1944

1946

1948

Açıklama:

This situation revealed
the necessity of re-activating and stabilizing world
trade. America’s Bretton Woods (1944) system has
fulfilled this requirement. With the creation of
this system, the “Pax Americana” period, which
will last until the beginning of the 1970s, started

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 33

I. International Monetary Fund
II. World Bank
III. United Nations
Which one(s) of them was/were established under the Bretton Woods system?

Only I

Only II

Only III

I-II

II-III

Açıklama:

institutions (International Monetary Fund (IMF),
World Bank (WB) and the General Agreement
on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)) established under
the Bretton Woods system (Ateş & Gökmen,
2013: 49; Duman, 2002: 2).

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 34

Which one of the following is not among the concepts associated with Realist Approach?

Class

Nation

Power

Survival

Security

Açıklama:

we can list
the main approaches to help us explain IPE as
Mercantilism/Realism, Liberalism and Marxism,
and alternative approaches as Constructivism and
Feminism. There are some concepts associated with
these five theories. In the Realist approach, nation
states, power, survival, security, and anarchy;

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 35

I. Discourse
II. Interest
III. Gender equality
Which one(s) of them is/are among the concepts associated with the Constructivist approach?

Only I

Only II

Only III

I-II

II-III

Açıklama:

in the
Marxist approach, class, interest, exploitation,
bourgeois, and proletariat; in the Constructivist
approach, idea, norm, discourse, belief, and
structure-maker relationship; and in the Feminist
approach, concepts such as gender equality, sexist
exploitation, and the end to oppression come to
the fore

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 36

Which one of the following is not among the terms used instead of Realism in different scientific studies?

Nationalism

Economic nationalism

Mercantilism

Statism

Liberalism

Açıklama:

In the historical
process, different terms such as “nationalism”,
“economic nationalism”, “mercantilism”,
“statism” and “new protectionism” were used
in different scientific studies instead of realism
(Gilpin, 1987: 31).

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 37

Which one of the following refers to the theory that emerged to respond to the facts and events that the security-centered and nation-state-oriented mercantilist/realist theory cannot explain?

Realism

Liberalism

Marxism

Constructivism

Feminism

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 38

Which one of the following terms was used by Marx to define the working class that is working for a wage for the profit of the employer class with the means of production?

Invisible hand

Complex interdependence

Comparative advantage

Proletariat

Exploitation

Açıklama:

Proletariat: Marx used proletariat to define
the working class that is working for a wage for
the profit of the employer class with the means
of production, which was used to define the
subclass of society until the 19th century

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 39

Which one of the following theories is based on Working class dominated markets in national and international areas in terms of its basic logic in economic interaction?

Marxism

Realism

Liberalism

Constructivism

Feminism

Açıklama:

Marxism: Working classdominated markets in national and international areas

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 40

Which one of the following terms refers to the decline in firms’ investments and consumer demand, high rates of unemployment and therefore the decline in living standards, and other similar situations?

Economic crisis

Hegemony

Economic globalization

Trade

Environmental issues

Açıklama:

Economic Crisis: The decline in firms’
investments and consumer demand, high
rates of unemployment and therefore the
decline in living standards, and other similar
situations.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 41

Which aspect of the following is the difference between International Political Economy (IPE) and International Economic Policy (IEP)?

Their scopes

Their meanings

Scientists who use them

Countries in which they are present

The date of their creation

Açıklama:

The concept of IPE is used by political scientists and especially international relations discipline. The IEP concept is generally used by economists and the discipline
of economics.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 42

What does "polis" stand for ?

Science

Management

Assets

Independent city

Relationship

Açıklama:

The word “polis” means independent city state.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 43

Which of the following statements is false ?

IPE is a branch of science in which the economic system and the political system work together.

IPE is not a branch of science that can only be studied theoretically

With globalization, the development process of IPE has accelerated.

Due to the large number of terms it covers and uses, it covers a wide area that can be
understood with different approaches.

IPE has a structure dependent on basic economics.

Açıklama:

IPE has an autonomous structure.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 44

Which of the following countries can be said to have more commercial power in the 17th century ?

Netherlands

Australia

Ottoman Empire

Canada

Russia

Açıklama:

It’s seen that in the 14th and 15th centuries, the Venetians, the Spanish, the Portuguese, the Ottomans, and the Chinese; and in the 17th century, British and Dutch were highly active in trade.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 45

Who did, with his work “Wealth of Nations”, opposed to the mercantilist thought ?

Keynes

Marx

Smith

Engels

Piketty

Açıklama:

Adam Smith, with his work “Wealth of Nations”, opposed mercantilist thought.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 46

In which of the following European cities was the congress of 1815, by which the borders were redrawn in Europe and the balance of forces was re-determined, held?

Lausanne

Hayes

Paris

Vienna

Cologne

Açıklama:

As a result of the Vienna Congress of 1815, the borders were redrawn in Europe and the balance of forces was re-determined.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 47

I. Pax brittanica : 19th century
II. The great depression : 1929
III. Second world war : 1930
IV. Pax americana 1944
Which of the above incident-date matches are true ?

II,III

I,II,IV

I,IV

I,III

II,III,IV

Açıklama:

The second world war begins in 1939.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 48

Which of the following approaches cannot normally help explain IPE ?

Mercantilism/Realism

Liberalism and Marxism

Constructivism

Feminism

Transcendentalism

Açıklama:

We can list the main approaches to help us explain IPE as Mercantilism/Realism, Liberalism and Marxism, and alternative approaches as Constructivism and Feminism

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 49

Which of the following concepts states that human nature is aggressive, offensive and skeptical, and argues that there is a constructive relationship between people competing for their own interests ?

Liberalism

Communism

Nation state

Territorial integrity

Mercantilism

Açıklama:

Mercantilism states that human nature is aggressive, offensive and skeptical, and argues that there is a constructive relationship between people competing for their own interests.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 50

I. There are many channels connecting societies (nations)
II. There aremultipleissuesin theinterrelations of states, and there is no hierarchy in which one has superiority over the other
III. When it comes to complex interdependence, it is out of the question for a nation to use military force in a certain area or subject
Which of the above statements is/are true as to complex interdependance ?

Only I

I,III

Only II

I,II,III

I,II

Açıklama:

All of them are true.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 51

What is the Ancient Greek word for "independent city state"?

Crisis

Polis

Proletariat

Pax-Britannica

Oikonomike

Açıklama:

Polis means "independent city state" in Ancient Greek.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 52

What is the Ancient Greek word for "management of assets"?

Oikonomike

Polis

Pax Britannica

Proletariat

Crisis

Açıklama:

Oikonomike means "management of assets" in Ancient Greek.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 53

I. IPE is a branch of science in which the economic system and the political system work together.
II. IPE is not a branch of science that can only be studied theoretically.
III. IPE has an autonomous structure.
Which of the above are among the main characteristics of International Political Economy?

Only I

Only II

I and II

II and III

I, II and III

Açıklama:

The main characteristics of the International Political Economy can be listed as follows (Al, 2015: 147):
• IPE is a branch of science in which the economic system and the political system work together.
• IPE is not a branch of science that can only be studied theoretically.
• With globalization, the development process of IPE has accelerated.
• Due to the large number of terms it covers and uses, it covers a wide area that can be understood with different approaches.
• IPE has an autonomous structure.
• The emergence and development of IPE as a separate discipline has led to the establishment of international organizations.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 54

What is the term for "the state which has put pressure on other states in the international system and is the most superior"?

Pax-Britannica

National Security

Invisible hand

Hegemon State

Proletariat

Açıklama:

Hegemon State: It is the state which has put pressure on other states in the international system and is the most superior.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 55

What is the economic crisis which emerged in America in 1929 and quickly became an economic crisis surrounding the world?

Pax Britannica

Pax Americana

The Great Depression

National Security

Invisible hand

Açıklama:

The Great Depression, which emerged in America in 1929, quickly became an economic crisis surrounding the world.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 56

I. There are many channels connecting societies (nations).
II. There aremultiple issues in the interrelations of states, and there is no hierarchy in which one has superiority over the other.
III. When it comes to complex interdependence, it is out of the question for a nation to use military force in a certain area or subject.
Which of the above are among the main characteristics of Complex Interdependence?

Only I

Only II

I and II

II and III

I, II and III

Açıklama:

“Complex Interdependence” has three main characteristics (Keohane & Nye, 1989: 50-51; Al, 2015: 151):
• There are many channels connecting societies (nations).
• There aremultipleissuesin theinterrelations of states, and there is no hierarchy in which one has superiority over the other.
• When it comes to complex interdependence, it is out of the question for a nation to use military force in a certain area or subject.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 57

What is the term Marx used to define "the working class that is working for a wage for the profit of the employer class with the means of production."?

Proletariat

Anarchy

National Security

Invisible hand

Complex Interdependence

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 58

Which term says that the conditions, circumstances and opportunities for men should also be recognized to women?

Proletariat

Crisis

Discourse

Liberalism

Feminism

Açıklama:

Feminism does not express the superiority of women in the face of men and argues that men and women are equal. Feminism says that the conditions, circumstances and opportunities for men should also be recognized to women, and that in such an environment, women will make a great contribution to both their state and the global system.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 59

What is "a long-term historical trend of widening and deepening interconnectedness between the world’s peoples"?

Imperialist Theory

World System Theory

Constructivism

Economic Globalization

Discourse

Açıklama:

Economic Globalization: The process of economic globalization is a long-term historical trend of widening and deepening interconnectedness between the world’s peoples.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 60

Which of the following describes an economic situation in which firms' investments and consumer demand decline, high unemployment rates, consequently lower living standards, and other similar situations?

Governance

Economic Crisis

Economic Globalization

Discourse

Proletariat

Açıklama:

Economic Crisis: The decline in firms’ investments and consumer demand, high rates of unemployment and therefore the decline in living standards, and other similar situations.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 61

The concept of political economy, based on the words “polis” and “oikonomike” in ancient Greek. What does “oikonomike” mean?

Independent city state

Management of assets

The management of a country’s people

Tax

Freedom

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 62

Which of the following can be said about the main characteristics of the International Political Economy (IPE)?

IPE is a branch of science in which the economic system and the political system work together.

IPE is a branch of science that can only be studied theoretically.

With globalization, the development process of IPE has decreased.

It covers a limited area that can be understood with basic approaches.

IPE has a dependent structure.

Açıklama:

The main characteristics of the International Political Economy can be listed as follows:
• IPE is a branch of science in which the economic system and the political system work together.
• IPE is not a branch of science that can only be studied theoretically.
• With globalization, the development process of IPE has accelerated.
• Due to the large number of terms it covers and uses, it covers a wide area that can be understood with different approaches.
• IPE has an autonomous structure.
• The emergence and development of IPE as a separate discipline has led to the establishment of international organizations.
The answer is A.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 63

What is the state which has put pressure on other states in the international system and is the most superior called?

Capital state

Power state

Dependent state

Hegemon state

Lone state

Açıklama:

Hegemon State: It is the state which has put pressure on other states in the international system and is the most superior.
The answer is D.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 64

How does every theory emerge in the global system?

As a universal truth on a certain subject

As an alternative to existing ones

As the most believed approach

As a reaction “to correct what is wrong”

As debate topics

Açıklama:

The theories are put forward in order to explain certain events in certain periods. However, in time, it is seen that a theory has lost its capacity to explain and a new theory has come into its place. For example, in the realist approach, states have kept themselves within their borders with the desire to preserve the territorial integrity and to survive. However, in the following process, states understood that they could not remain within these limits and they had to adapt to the new order with the effect of globalization and communication revolution which dominated the system. The new dominant force of the international system has been liberalism. The financial liberalization, capital flows, invisible hand and open market, which have been experienced in this process in which the individual comes to the fore, have had a positive effect on the system for a while. However, this softening and liberalization wind in the global system has evolved into a process where the rich becomes richer and the poor becomes poorer. In this process Marxism, in response to liberalism and the global system, has emerged by emphasizing class. It should not be forgotten that every theory emerges as a reaction “to correct what is wrong” in the global system. The answer is D.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 65

Which of the following concepts can be associated with the Realist approach?

The individual

Power

Belief

Norm

Gender equality

Açıklama:

The broad areas and issues covered by the International Political Economy (IPE) discipline, whose source and formation are very old, can be explained in different ways by the different theoretical approaches of international relations. From this point of view, we can list the main approaches to help us explain IPE as
Mercantilism/Realism, Liberalism and Marxism, and alternative approaches as Constructivism and Feminism. There are some concepts associated with these five theories. In the Realist approach, nation states, power, survival, security, and anarchy; in the Liberal approach, the individual, capital flows, open market, and invisible hand; in the Marxist approach, class, interest, exploitation, bourgeois, and proletariat; in the Constructivist approach, idea, norm, discourse, belief, and structure-maker relationship; and in the Feminist approach, concepts such as gender equality, sexist
exploitation, and the end to oppression come to the fore. Since the theories of IPE are included as a separate section in the second part of this book, the theories here are explained in a short and concise way. The answer is B.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 66

What is the realization of the national interests of a state, and the protection of these interests against internal and external threats called?

National Theories

Law

National Politics

Independence

National Security

Açıklama:

National Security: The realization of the national interests of a state, and the protection of these interests against internal and external threats. The concept of national security aims to strengthen the perception that the object of security, that is, the security which is under threat, and the one that needs to be protected is the nation. The answer is E.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 67

Which of the following theories emerged to respond to the facts and events that the security-centered and nation-state-oriented mercantilist/realist theory cannot explain?

Realism

Nationalism

Liberalism

New protectionism

Constructivism

Açıklama:

Liberalism is the theory that emerged to respond to the facts and events that the security-centered and
nation-state-oriented mercantilist/realist theory cannot explain. Liberalism as a concept means “liberty under the law”. Liberalism opposed mercantilism, which states that human nature is aggressive, offensive and skeptical, and argues that there is a constructive relationship between people competing for their own interests. This approach has been influential in the history of political and economic thought in the 18th and 19th centuries and is based on the concepts of equality, rationality, freedom, and property. In addition, this theory formed the basic philosophies of philosophers of the age of enlightenment. David Hume and Adam Smith from Scotland, Locke from England, Kant from Germany, Montesquieu and Voltaire from France were the ones who left their mark on this period. According to this approach, human (individual) is innately positive or can be educated. The answer is C.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 68

Which of the following terms did Marx use to define the working class that is working for a wage for
the profit of the employer class with the means of production, which was used to define the subclass of society until the 19th century?

Working class

Proletariat

Invisible hand

Complex Interdependence

Periphery class

Açıklama:

Marx used proletariat to define the working class that is working for a wage for the profit of the employer class with the means of production, which was used to define the subclass of society until the 19th century. The answer is B.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 69

Who proposed the World System Theory?

Immanuel Wallerstein

Karl Marx

Max Weber

Emile Durkheim

Vladimir I. Lenin

Açıklama:

Immanuel Wallerstein, left its mark on this period with his World System Theory. This theory emerged as
a continuation of the analysis of social scientists such as Karl Marx, Max Weber, and Emile Durkheim, and the concept of “semi-periphery countries” was added to the concepts of coreperiphery countries. Semi-periphery countries are characterized as both exploiting and exploited countries. Specifically, the core countries interact with the periphery and semi-periphery countries and transform them. Hence, Wallerstein defines the semi-periphery countries as transferring the information and technologies of the western states to themselves, starting to industrialize, and in this process they are both exploiting other countries, and being exploited themselves at the same time. In addition, the proponents of the world system theory share the same view with Lenin as the coreperiphery relationship ends with imperialism. The answer is A.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 70

What is the decline in firms’ investments and consumer demand, high rates of unemployment and therefore the decline in living standards, and other similar situations called?

Governance

Management

Economic Crisis

Economic Downfall

Economic Politics

Açıklama:

Economic Crisis: The decline in firms’ investments and consumer demand, high rates of unemployment and therefore the decline in living standards, and other similar situations. The answer is C.

Doğru Cevap: C

Ünite 2

Soru 1

Marxism
Physiocrats
Mercantilism
Post-Structuralism
Economic Nationalism

Which of the above are among the classical approaches in IPE?

I-II-III

III-IV-V

I-II-III-IV

I-II-III-V

II-III-IV-V

Açıklama:

Classical Approaches in International Political Economy:

Physiocrats
Mercantilism
Economic Nationalism
Liberalism- Neo Liberalism
Marxism

Post-Structuralism is an emerging (non-traditional) approach. The correct answer is D.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 2

Which of the following first proclaimed "laisser faire laisser passer"?

Physiocrats

Mercantilism

Marxism

Neo Liberalism

Economic Nationalism

Açıklama:

Physiocrats were generally acknowledged as having established the first systemic school of political economy even before Adam Smith. They were also the first groups of economists who proclaimed “laisser faire laisser passer”, which later became the central theme of the liberal school. The correct answer is A.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 3

Which of the following was the most influential figure of physiocrats?

Thomas Mun

Francois Quesnay

Alexander Hamilton

Friedrich List

David Hume

Açıklama:

The Physiocrats were French social reformers and their immediate influence in French economic and political affairs lasted about two decades. Francois Quesnay (1694-1774) was the most influential physiocrat. He became interested in economics in his rather later years and he wrote his most influential piece of work, “Tableau économique” (1758). The correct answer is B.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 4

Which of the following did profit come from in mercantilism?

Agriculture

Industry

Trade

Gifts

Wars

Açıklama:

Mercantilists were mere merchants, but not producers of anything. They were simply making profit out of buying goods here and there and selling somewhere else. Thus, the profits (the surplus or the source of capital accumulation) came from merchandise trade, not production itself. It is very important to note that this was one of the central tenets of mercantilism. The correct answer is C.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 5

Prioritizing policies to increase export
Prioritizing policies to decrease import
Creating trade monopolies
Putting the economic order in the basis of the social order
Heavily relying on state coercive powers to expand and protect economic interests

Which of the above were applied by mercantilists?

I-II-III

III-IV-V

I-II-III-IV

I-II-III-V

II-III-IV-V

Açıklama:

the mercantilists in cooperation with monarchs had done several things to create a favorable balance of trade by applying:

Prioritized policies to increase export;
Prioritized policies to decrease import;
Created trade monopolies;
Heavily relied on state coercive powers to expand and protect economic interests.

"The basis of the social order lay in the economic order," reflects the physiocratic economic doctrine. The correct answer is D.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 6

Which of the following approaches did "Report on Manufactures" reflect?

Physiocrats

Mercantilism

Marxism

Neo Liberalism

Economic Nationalism

Açıklama:

The origins of economic nationalism can be traced back to the work of Alexander Hamilton and Friedrich List. Alexander Hamilton (1755-1804) was the first secretary of the treasury of the United States. His “Report on Manufactures,” which was submitted to the United States Congress in 1791, was an important classic economic nationalist text. The correct answer is E.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 7

It relied on state-led macroeconomic planning and extensive regulation.
It refers to the phenomenon of the rapid growth of several countries in East Asia in the late twentieth century.
It applied a free trade policies with full of exceptions by applying a tight internal control and relying on protected manufacturing industries.
It attracted a flow of gold and silver into a country to service the rapidly expanding volume of trade and to keep them there by prohibiting their export.

Which of the above are among the characteristics of a developmental state?

I-II

III-IV

I-II-III

I-II-IV

II-III-IV

Açıklama:

Developmental state is used to refer to the phenomenon of the rapid growth of several countries in East Asia (Asian tigers) in the late twentieth century.
They relied on state-led macroeconomic planning and extensive regulation.
They applied a free trade policies with full of exceptions by applying a tight internal control and relying on protected manufacturing industries.

The correct answer is C.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 8

Invisible hand
Spontaneous orders
Import substitution
Self-organising systems

Which of the above are among the key terms of the liberal approach?

I-III

II-IV

I-II-III

I-II-IV

II-III-IV

Açıklama:

Liberals basically argue that there is no need for state to bring together buyer and seller, set prices and quantities, or spur investment and production. Markets govern production, consumption, and exchange on its own in a best effective and efficient way. These are orders that, to Adam Smith, spring to life through the operation of an Invisible Hand; to F.A. Hayek, they are spontaneous orders; and to Paul Krugman, they are self-organising systems. The correct answer is D.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 9

Which of the following figures is not among the liberals?

Adam Smith

David Hume

Jeremy Bentham

John Locke

Antonio Gramsci

Açıklama:

Adam Smith, the most influential one, David Hume, Jeremy Bentham and John Locke were all liberals. Antonio Gramsci is a Neo Marxist. The correct answer is E.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 10

Ideas
Institutions
Material capabilities

Which of the following supports the mutual interaction of the three “forces” above?

Neoliberalism

Historical materialism

Dependency School

Classical Marxism

Hegemonic Stability Theory

Açıklama:

According to historical materialism (Cox), the social order consists of these three categories of historical structures, which are defined as the mutual interaction of three “forces”: material capabilities, ideas, and institutions. The correct answer is B.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 11

Which of the following is one of the emerging approaches in International Political Economy?

Mercantilism

Economic Nationalism

Feminism

Liberalism

Marxism

Açıklama:

Variant of IPE Theories
Classical Approaches in International Political Economy

Physiocrats
Mercantilism
Economic Nationalism
Liberalism- Neo Liberalism
Marxism

Emerging approaches in International Political Economy

Positive IPE
Constructivist IPE
Post-Structuralism
Feminism
Green Approaches in IPE

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 12

Which of the following is acknowledged as having established the first systemic school of political economy even before Adam Smith?

Physiocrats

Mercantilists

Bullionist

Thomas Mun

Nationalist

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 13

Which of the following was the earliest phase of mercantilism?

Nationalism

Liberalism

Neo- Liberalism

Bullionism

Marxism

Açıklama:

Bullionism was the earliest phase of mercantilism, and it was derived from the experience of an acute shortage of gold and silver bullion in Europe in the fifteenth and the sixteenth centuries.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 14

The mercantilists in cooperation with monarchs had done several things to create a favourable balance of trade. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

Prioritized policies to increase export

Prioritized policies to decrease import

Created trade monopolies

Heavily relied on state coercive powers to expand and protect economic interests

Prioritized policies to decrease production

Açıklama:

In mercantilism, profit or the source of the capital accumulation came from merchandise trade. That is, buying cheap and selling expensive. So, the important question turned to be how to increase effectiveness in trade in order to increase profit. To this end, the mercantilists in cooperation with monarchs had done several things to create a favourable balance of trade by applying:

Prioritized policies to increase export;
Prioritized policies to decrease import;
Created trade monopolies
Heavily relied on state coercive powers to expand and protect economic interests.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 15

Which of the following is the most influential mercantilist writer?

Edgar Allan Poe

Thomas Mun

Friedrich List

Paul Krugman

David Hume

Açıklama:

Thomas Mun (1571-1641) was the most influential mercantilist writer and his book “England’s Treasure by Foreign Trade” was one of the most significant mercantilist texts.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 16

Which of the following economist believed protection of domestic industries through tariffs on imported goods?

Thomas Mun

David Hume

Paul Krugman

Friedrich List

Francois Quesnay

Açıklama:

Friedrich List (1789-1846) was a German-U.S. economist who believed protection of domestic industries through tariffs on imported goods. He started out as a believer in free trade but in the 1820s visited the United States. Many Americans then disagreed with the British classical economists’ argument for free trade and he was influenced by the Alexander Hamilton’s argument that the government should help to build up domestic industry. As a devoted German, he believed also that that was the best way to industrialize Germany(Kishtainy 2017). List was writing during German unification and his approach to political economy reflected German political and economic realities of the time. In a similar way, Alexander Hamilton was writing during the American nation-building period and his thoughts were formed in that context.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 17

Which of the following is a concept which is used to the phenomenon of the rapid growth of several countries in East Asia in the late twentieth century?

Contemporary states

Developing economics

Classical liberalism

Emerging economy

Developmental state

Açıklama:

Apart from that time to time return of economic nationalist outlooks, many emerging economies, especially Asian economies, have been an example of contemporary economic nationalist policies, which is generally known as “developmental states.” The concept of the developmental state is used to refer to the phenomenon of the rapid growth of several countries in East Asia in the late twentieth century. These so called ‘Asian Tigers’ relied on state-led macroeconomic planning and extensive regulation. Chalmers Johnson, who pioneered the term for the first time, defined the capitalist developmental state as a state that is focused on economic development and takes necessary policy measures to accomplish that objective.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 18

“According to ………………, if there is such a hegemon, who is willing to bear the costs and enforce the rules while retaining political, economic and military edge for the hegemony, the international system would be stable.”
Which of the following completes the sentence above?

HST

Neo-neo synthesis

Developmental state

LDC

Classic economic nationalism

Açıklama:

Hegemonic Stability Theory (HST):The stability of the International System requires a single dominant state to articulate and enforce the rules of interaction among the most important members of the system. According to HST if there is such a hegemon, who is willing to bear the costs and enforce the rules while retaining political, economic and military edge for the hegemony, the international system would be stable (stability means the absence of war among major powers).

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 19

Which of the following can be defined as “Moravcsik’s neoliberal account that looks at domestic policy making and preferences as an important factor affecting international political and economic decision making.” ?

HST

Neo-neo synthesis

Developmental state

LDC

Classic economic nationalism

Açıklama:

Neo-neo synthesis
One of the big questions in international relations is about how to achieve cooperation. One type of explanation for that is neo realist argument of hegemonic stability theory based on the distribution of power argument.
In a simple term, it argues countries cooperate in international politics since hegemon force them with sticks or influence them with carrots to do so. Second type of explanation is Keohane’s neo liberal argument which focuses on the role of international regimes and institutions in both organizing and maintaining cooperation among states by promoting cooperation and lowering the risks and threats of anarchic international system. The third type explanation is Moravcsik’s neoliberal account that looks at domestic policy making and preferences (societal inputs) as an important factor affecting international political and economic decision making. All of these discussion are generally discussed in the literature as neo-neo debate.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 20

Which of the following theory’s aim is to change the established order for good by showing other possible alternatives?

Problem solving theories

World system theories

Critical theories

Inter-state competition

Green political theory

Açıklama:

Robert Cox argued that “theory is always for someone and for some purpose.” According to him, there can be found two categories of theories in international relations: i) critical theories; ii) problem solving theories. Main differences between these two types is that while critical theories aim at changing the established order for good by showing other possible alternatives, the problem solving theories mainly tries to legitimate the established order by finding the solutions to problems.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 21

Who is often considered to be the father of the modern economy, was both a philosopher and an economist?

Adam Smith

David Ricardo

John Stuart Mill

Alfred Marshall

Susan Strange

Açıklama:

In the classical period, economics and politics were not divided at all as separate disciplines. During the classical time, the intersection of economy and politics was the ‘political economy’ and it was quite interdisciplinary and open to even other disciplines as well. For example, Adam Smith, who is often considered to be the father of the modern economy, was both a philosopher and an economist.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 22

In which period below economics and politics were not divided at all as separate disciplines?

The long negligence period

Classical Period

International Political Economy period

Liberalist period

Political Economy period

Açıklama:

Retrospectively speaking, state and market or economy and politics were, however, not so separated from each other for a very long time. In this sense, the historical evolution of IPE can be classified into three sub-periods, under which general approaches to the discipline shifted fundamentally:

classical period;
the long negligence period;

3. the rise of IPE.
In the classical period, economics and politics were not divided at all as separate disciplines. During the classical time, the intersection of economy and politics was the ‘political economy’ and it was quite interdisciplinary and open to even other disciplines as well.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 23

Which one below is one of the Emerging approaches in International Political Economy?

Economic Nationalism

Marxism

Physiocrats

Mercantilism

Constructivist IPE

Açıklama:

Variant of IPE Theories
Classical Approaches in International Political Economy

Physiocrats •
Mercantilism •
Economic Nationalism •
Liberalism- Neo Liberalism •
Marxism

Emerging approaches in International Political Economy

Positive IPE
- Constructivist IPE
- Post-Structuralism
- Feminism
  Green Approaches in IPE

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 24

........... were the proponents of the new ideas of economic freedom in France.

Liberalists

Nationalists

Physiocrats

Mercantilists

Marxists

Açıklama:

Physiocrats were the proponents of the new ideas of economic freedom in France. The term came from the ancient Greek word, “physiocracy,” meaning “rule by nature.” They also liked to call themselves the economists (Ebeling, 2016). During the time of physiocrats’ rein, France was trembled by the economic and social disorder, which eventually lead to French Revolution in the later phases. In such circumstances, physiocracy was a reaction to both industrial revolution and mercantilism. Physiocrats were striving for return to pre-industrial era (Beer, 2014, 13) and were interested in reforming France. Their reform program consisted of advancing several political reforms to remove all existing tariffs, taxes, subsidies, restrictions and regulations and to introduce a single nationwide tax on agriculture.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 25

Which one below was the earliest phase of mercantilism, and it was derived from the experience of an acute shortage of gold in Europe in the fifteenth and the sixteenth centuries?

Liberalism

Feminism

Post-Structuralism

Feudalism

Bullionism

Açıklama:

Bullionism was the earliest phase of mercantilism, and it was derived from the experience of an acute shortage of gold and silver bullion in Europe in the fifteenth and the sixteenth centuries. Bullionist policies were designed to attract a flow of gold and silver into a country to service the rapidly expanding volume of trade and to keep them there by prohibiting their export. These restrictions lasted from the late Middle Ages into the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 26

Who was the most influential mercantilist writer who believed that other than trade there were no alternative to make a country wealthy and powerful?

Robert Jacques Turgot

Thomas Mun

François Quesnay

Friedrich List

Alexander Hamilton

Açıklama:

Thomas Mun (1571-1641) was the most influential mercantilist writer and his book “England’s Treasure by Foreign Trade” was one of the most significant mercantilist texts. Mun believed that other than trade there were no alternative to make a country wealthy and powerful. The very title of his book in this sense very much revealing his belief in trade.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 27

Which term below is used to refer to the phenomenon of the rapid growth of several countries in East Asia in the late twentieth century?

macroeconomic planning

developmental state

economic nationalism

international regimes

hegemonic stability

Açıklama:

Developmental State
The concept of the developmental state is used to refer to the phenomenon of the rapid growth of several countries in East Asia in the late twentieth century. These so called ‘Asian Tigers’ relied on state-led macroeconomic planning and extensive regulation. Chalmers Johnson, who pioneered the term for the first time, defined the capitalist developmental state as a state that is focused on economic development and takes necessary policy measures to accomplish that objective.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 28

Which theory below argue that there is no need for state to bring together buyer and seller, set prices and quantities, or spur investment and production?

Constructivism

Mercantilism

Hegemonic Stability

Neo-liberalism

Liberalism

Açıklama:

Liberals basically argue that there is no need for state to bring together buyer and seller, set prices and quantities, or spur investment and production.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 29

Whose neoliberal account looks at domestic policy making and preferences (societal inputs) as an important factor affecting international political and economic decision making?

Moravcsik’s

Mill’s

Smith's

Ricardo's

Keohane’s

Açıklama:

Moravcsik’s neoliberal account looks at domestic policy making and preferences (societal inputs) as an important factor affecting international political and economic decision making.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 30

According to Robert Cox, which of the following options is the correct statement regarding the differences between critical theories and problem-solving theories?

Critical theories aim at changing the established order for good by showing other possible alternatives.

The problem solving theories tries to legitimize the established order by finding the solutions.

The general aim of problem-solving is to make institutions work smoothly by dealing effectively with particular sources of trouble.

Critical theory takes institutions as well as social and power relations for granted.

The problem solving theories question power relations by concerning itself with their origins and how and whether they might be in the process of changing

Critical theory is directed to the social and political complex as a whole rather than to the separate parts.

I, II, III, VI

I, II, III, V

II, III, IV, V

II, III, V, VI

I, II, III, IV, V

Açıklama:

Critical Theory vs Problem Solving Theories Robert Cox argued that “theory is always for someone and for some purpose.” According to him, there can be found two categories of theories in international relations: i) critical theories; ii) problem solving theories.
Main differences between these two types is that while critical theories aim at changing the established order for good by showing other possible alternatives,
the problem solving theories mainly tries to legitimize the established order by finding the solutions to problems.
In his own word “Problem-solving takes the world as it finds it, with the prevailing social and power relationships and the institutions into which they are organized, as the given framework for action.
The general aim of problem-solving is to make these relationships and institutions work smoothly by dealing effectively with particular sources of trouble.
Critical theory in contrast does not take institutions and social and power relations for granted but calls them into question by concerning itself with their origins and how and whether they might be in the process of changing. ...
Critical theory is directed to the social and political complex as a whole rather than to the separate parts” (Cox, 1981).

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 31

Which of the following is a classical approach in International Political Economy (IPE)?

Constructivist IPE

Post-Structuralism

Feminism

Mercantilism

Positive IPE

Açıklama:

The correct choice is D.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 32

Which of the following is one of the emerging approaches in in International Political Economy (IPE)?

Physiocracy

Economic nationalism

Constructivist IPE

Marxism

Mercantilism

Açıklama:

The correct choice is C.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 33

Which of the following is the most influential physiocrat?

Adam Smith

Thomas Mun

Alexander Hamilton

Freidrich List

Francois Quesnay

Açıklama:

The correct choice is E.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 34

Which of the following were the proponents of the new ideas of economic freedom in France?

Mercantilists

Physiocrats

Marxists

Economic Nationalists

Liberalists

Açıklama:

The correct choice is B.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 35

Which of the following is the most dominant theory of International Political Economy (IPE)?

Marxism

Liberalism

Mercantilism

Economic Nationalism

Physiocracy

Açıklama:

The correct choice is B.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 36

Who was the most influential mercantilist writer?

Alexander Hamilton

Friedrich List

David Hume

Thomas Mun

Adam Smith

Açıklama:

The correct choice is D.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 37

Who basically argues that there is no need for state to bring together buyer and seller, set prices and quantities, or spur investment and production?

Liberals

Economic nationalists

Mercantilists

Physiocrats

Marxists

Açıklama:

The correct choice is A.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 38

Who is thought to be the founder of neo-liberal thought in IPE and IR?

Adam Smith

David Ricardo

Robert O. Keohane

John Stuart Mill

Andrew Moravcsik

Açıklama:

The correct choice is C.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 39

Who argued that the wealth of a nation came from the productive capacity of the national economy rather than the accumulation of gold and silver?

Adam Smith

Robert O. Keohane

David Ricardo

Friedrich List

Thomas Mun

Açıklama:

The correct choice is A.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 40

Who is thought to be the most influential liberals of all times?

David Hume

Adam Smith

Friedrich List

Alexandr Hamilton

John Stuart Mill

Açıklama:

The correct choice is B.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 41

I. Classical period
II. The long negligence period
III. The rise of IPE
Which of the above are among the sub periods of the historical evolution of IPE?

Only I

Only III

I and II

II and III

I, II and III

Açıklama:

All of them are three sub periods of the historical evolution of IPE.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 42

Who is often considered to be the father of the modern liberal economy?

Karl Marx

Friedrich List

Adam Smith

Thomas Mun

Francois Quesnay

Açıklama:

Adam Smith, who is often considered to be the father of the modern economy, was both a philosopher and an economist.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 43

I. Marxism
II. Physiocrats
III. Mercantilism
IV. Economic Nationalism
Which of the above are among Classical Approaches in International Political Economy?

I and II

III and IV

I, II and III

II, III and IV

I, II, III and IV

Açıklama:

Classical Approaches in International Political Economy
• Physiocrats
• Mercantilism
• Economic Nationalism
• Liberalism- Neo Liberalism
• Marxism

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 44

I. Positive IPE
II. Feminism
III. Marxism
IV. Post-Structuralism
Which of the above are among Emerging Approaches in International Political Economy?

I and II

III and IV

I, II and III

I, II and IV

I, II, III and IV

Açıklama:

Emerging approaches in International Political Economy
• Positive IPE
• Constructivist IPE
• Post-Structuralism
• Feminism
• Green Approaches in IPE

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 45

Who were the French social reformers whose immediate influence in French economic and political affairs lasted about two decades?

The Physiocrats

Liberals

Developmental States

Marxists

Economists

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 46

Who was the leading figure of the French Physiocrats school?

Adam Smith

François Quesnay

Friedrich List

Karl Marx

Thomas Mun

Açıklama:

François Quesnay (1694-1774) was the leading figure of the French physiocrats School.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 47

Which of the following can be accepted as the earliest phase of mercantilism?

Feminism

Marxism

Liberalism

Bullionism

Economic Nationalism

Açıklama:

Bullionism was the earliest phase of mercantilism, and it was derived from the experience of an acute shortage of gold and silver bullion in Europe in the fifteenth and the sixteenth centuries.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 48

Who was an English writer on economics and a merchant who was known for his theory of the balance of trade?

Karl Marx

Adam Smith

Thomas Mun

Francois Quesnay

Friedrich List

Açıklama:

Thomas Mun, (1571-1641) was an English writer on economics and a merchant himself. He carried out trade around the Mediterranean. He was known for his theory of the balance of trade.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 49

Which of the following is a German-U.S. economist who believed protection of domestic industries through tariffs on imported goods?

Friedrich List

Adam Smith

Thomas Mun

Francois Quesnay

Karl Marx

Açıklama:

Friedrich List (1789-1846) was a German-U.S. economist who believed protection of domestic industries through tariffs on imported goods.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 50

Who was the Scottish philosopher, economist, educator, and journalist, one of whose two major works is “The Theory of the Moral Sentiments, a treatise on social and moral philosophy.” ?

Francois Quesnay

Thomas Mun

Adam Smith

Friedrich List

Karl Marx

Açıklama:

Adam Smith (1723-1790) was a Scottish philosopher, economist, educator, and journalist. As he was born and raised in Scotland, there he attended Glasgow and Oxford Universities (1737-1746) and became a professor at that university from 1751 to 1764. In 1759 he published one of his two major works, “The Theory of the Moral Sentiments, a treatise on social and moral philosophy.”

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 51

Classical period
The long negligence periodT
The rise of International Political Economy

Which of the above is among the sup-periods of the historical evolution of International Political Economy?

I and II

II and III

I and III

I, II and III

Only III

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 52

Which of the following is not true about "physiocratic economic doctrine"?

Societies were governed by natural law

The basis of the social order lay in the economic order

Agriculture was the supreme occupation not just because it was morally and politically superior to manufacture or commerce

Those who engaged in agriculture were productive class while those who engaged in with non-agricultural activities were sterile classes

Human behaviour and human reasoning are governed by a set of rules whİCh are not inherent in human nature

Açıklama:

Besides this straightforward interpretation, physiocratic economic doctrine consists of the followings:
i. Societies were governed by natural law, which argues that human behaviour and human reasoning are governed by a set of rules inherent in human nature.
ii. The basis of the social order lay in the economic order;
iii. Agriculture was the supreme occupation not just because it was morally and politically superior to manufacture or commerce, but also it was much more productive than them;
iv. Thus, those who engaged in agriculture were productive class while those who engaged in non-agricultural activities were sterile classes.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 53

Post-Structuralism
Marxism
Feminism
Mercantilism

Which variant of IPE theories above is among the classical approaches in international political economy?

II and IV

I and II

I and III

III and IV

I and II

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 54

Constructivist IPE
Physiocrats
Post-Structuralism
Economic Nationalism

Which variant of IPE theories above is among the emerging approaches in international political economy?

I and III

II and IV

II and III

I and II

III and IV

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 55

Which of the following is not true about "Bullionism"?

Bullionism is closely related to the export of agricultural products following the great depression in 1930

It is the earliest phase of mercantilism

It was derived from the experience of an acute shortage of gold and silver bullion in Europe in the fifteenth and the sixteenth centuries

Bullionist policies were designed to attract a flow of gold and silver into a country to service the rapidly expanding volume of trade

The restrictions regarding the export of gold and silver lasted from the late Middle Ages into the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 56

Which of the followings is not one of the things that the mercantilists applied to create a favourable balance of trade?

Prioritizing policies to increase export

Prioritizing policies to decrease import

Applying new restrictions to the export of valuables

Creating trade monopolies

Heavily relying on state coercive powers to expand and protect economic interests.

Açıklama:

The mercantilists in cooperation with monarchs had done several things to create a favourable balance of trade by applying:
i. Prioritized policies to increase export;
ii. Prioritized policies to decrease import;
iii. Created trade monopolies;
iv. Heavily relied on state coercive powers to expand and protect economic interests.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 57

They were the first groups of economists who proclaimed “laisser faire laisser passer”, which later became the central theme of the liberal school.
They were generally acknowledged as having established the first systemic school of political economy.
Their reform program consisted of advancing several political reforms to remove all existing tariffs, taxes, subsidies, restrictions and regulations and to introduce a single nationwide tax on agriculture.

Which international political economy theory is defined above?

Physiocrats

Mercantilism

Bullionism

Classic Economic Nationalism

Classical Liberalism

Açıklama:

The Physiocrats were French social reformers and their immediate influence in French economic and political affairs lasted about two decades and ended when their most politically influential member, Anne Robert Jacques Turgot ( 1727- 1781), lost the office of comptroller general of finances in 1776 (Hunt & Lautzenheiser, 2011, 35). Francois Quesnay (1694-1774) was the most influential physiocrat. Physiocrats were generally acknowledged as having established the first systemic school of political economy even before Adam Smith (Charbit & Virmani, 2002). They were also the first groups of economists who proclaimed “laisser faire laisser passer”, which later became the central theme of the liberal school.
Physiocrats were the proponents of the new ideas of economic freedom in France. The term came from the ancient Greek word, “physiocracy,” meaning “rule by nature.” They also liked to call themselves the economists (Ebeling, 2016). During the time of physiocrats’ rein, France was trembled by the economic and social disorder, which eventually lead to French Revolution in the later phases. In such circumstances, physiocracy was a reaction to both industrial revolution and mercantilism. Physiocrats were striving for return to pre-industrial era (Beer, 2014, 13) and were interested in reforming France. Their reform program consisted of advancing several political reforms to remove all existing tariffs, taxes, subsidies, restrictions and regulations and to introduce a single nationwide tax on agriculture.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 58

Which of the following is not true about Alexander Hamilton as an economic nationalist?

A national economy policy should aim at being independent

A national economy should not just accumulate material welfare.

The national economic goal ought to be to create a self-reliant economy

A wealthy economy should be the priority of the policy makers

There should be active state intervention in the economy

Açıklama:

The origins of economic nationalism can be traced back to the work of Alexander Hamilton and Friedrich List. Alexander Hamilton (1755-1804) was the first secretary of the treasury of the United States. As such, he was a statesman rather than a theorist. However, his “Report on Manufactures,” which was submitted to the United States Congress in 1791, was an important classic economic nationalist text. In that report, Hamilton examined how to stimulate the US national economy. According to him, a national economy policy should aim at being independent (secure from external inference) rather than just accumulating material welfare. That is, the national economic goal ought to be to create a self-reliant economy rather than a wealthy economy. Hamilton saw active state intervention (or in a better word direct state involvement) as a must for the industrialization.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 59

Societies were governed by natural law, which argues that human behaviour and human reasoning are governed by a set of rules inherent in human nature.
The basis of the social order lay in the economic order.
Agriculture was the supreme occupation not just because it was morally and politically superior to manufacture or commerce, but also it was much more productive than them.
Those who engaged in agriculture were productive class while those who engaged in with non-agricultural activities were sterile classes.

Which of the statements above does physiocratic economic doctrine consist of?

I, II and III

I, II and IV

II, III and IV

I, III and IV

I, II, III and IV

Açıklama:

Physiocratic economic doctrine consists of the followings: i. Societies were governed by natural law, which argues that human behaviour and human reasoning are governed by a set of rules inherent in human nature. ii. The basis of the social order lay in the economic order; iii. Agriculture was the supreme occupation not just because it was morally and politically superior to manufacture or commerce, but also it was much more productive than them; iv. Thus, those who engaged in agriculture were productive class while those who engaged in with non-agricultural activities were sterile classes (Meek, 2013, 20). The latter class is defined as sterile because it does not contribute to the creation of agricultural wealth; it only transforms it into consumer goods other than food or capital goods. The proprietary class consists of the king, the tithe holders, and the other landed proprietors.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 60

Which of the following is not true about "Liberalism"?

There is no need for the state to bring together buyer and seller, set prices and quantities, or spur investment and production.

Economies should be considered as partly self-organising systems

The ‘invisible hand’ will find the most effective balance in the market instead of any central authority

Markets govern production, consumption, and exchange on its own in the best effective and efficient way.

There is room for the state in overseeing the proper functioning of markets,
defending property rights and for the provision of goods and services that markets couldn’t produce

Açıklama:

Liberals basically argue that there is no need for the state to bring together buyer and seller, set prices and quantities, or spur investment and production. The ‘invisible hand’ will find the most effective balance in the market instead of any central authority. That is, markets govern production, consumption, and exchange on its own in a best effective and efficient way. These are orders that, to Adam Smith, spring to life through the operation of an Invisible Hand; to F.A. Hayek, they are spontaneous orders; and to Paul Krugman, they are self-organising systems. Yet, there is room for the state in overseeing the proper functioning of markets, defending property rights, and for the provision of goods and services that markets couldn’t produce, such as national defence.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 61

Bullionism was the earliest phase of which of the below?

Mercantilism

Physiocrats

Classic Economic Nationalism

Classical Liberalism

Neoliberalism

Açıklama:

Bullionism was the earliest phase of mercantilism, and it was derived from the experience of an acute shortage of gold and silver bullion in Europe in the fifteenth and the sixteenth centuries.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 62

It was properly regarded as a blend of economic fallacy and state creation of special privilege.
As the earliest systemic understanding of IPE, it goes back to the period between the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries.
It was a strong nation-building policy as well as an economic policy.
It first occurred in Britain and France, two of the successful absolutist states at that time.

Which of the international political economy theories is defined above?

Physiocrats

Mercantilism

Classic Economic Nationalism

Contemporary Economic Nationalism

Classical Liberalism

Açıklama:

Mercantilism was properly regarded as a blend of economic fallacy and state creation of special privilege. As the earliest systemic understanding of IPE, mercantilism goes back to the period between the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries. To understand mercantilism, we must look back to the eco-political environment of which the mercantilism was born out. Throughout that period mercantilism served both as a state policy and an economic theory. Mercantilists were also in cooperation with absolutist princes during an era of state-building out of the ashes of feudalism. Therefore, mercantilism was a strong nation-building policy as well as an economic policy. In this sense, it was not surprising to see that mercantilism first occurred in Britain and France, two of the successful absolutist states at that time.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 63

"According to Hegemonic Stability Theory (HST), the stability of the International System requires a single dominant state to______"
Which of the following most appropriately completes the sentence above?

articulate and enforce the rules of interaction among the most important members of the system

share the costs and monitor the rules while sharing political, economic and military power

help underdeveloped countries process their underground sources most effectively

guide less developed economies to maintain their economic system

provide extra sources for those in need of financial help

Açıklama:

Hegemonic Stability Theory (HST)
The stability of the International System requires a single dominant state to articulate and enforce the rules of interaction among the most important members of the system. According to HST If there is such a hegemon, who is willing to bear the costs and enforce the rules while retaining political, economic and military edge for the hegemony, the international system would be stable (stability means the absence of war among major powers).

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 64

Prioritizing policies to increase export
Prioritizing policies to decrease import
Creating trade monopolies
Heavily relying on state coercive powers to expand and protect economic interests

Which of the above did the mercantilists in cooperation with monarchs apply to create a favourable balance of trade?

I, II and III

I, II and IV

I, III and IV

II, III and IV

I, II, III and IV

Açıklama:

Remember that in physiocracy profit (in physiocratic language net product) came from agriculture and therefore capital accumulation or the wealth of nations was relying upon effectiveness in capitalist agriculture production. Therefore in physiocracy, the other classes not occupied with agriculture were simply seen as unproductive one. Here in mercantilism, profit or the source of the capital accumulation came from merchandise trade. That is, buying cheap and selling expensive. So, the important question turned to be how to increase effectiveness in trade in order to increase profit. To this end, the mercantilists in cooperation with monarchs had done several things to create a favourable balance of trade by applying: i. Prioritized policies to increase export; ii. Prioritized policies to decrease import; iii. Created trade monopolies; iv. Heavily relied on state coercive powers to expand and protect economic interests.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 65

Which one is an emerging approach in international political economy theories?

Physiocrats

Marxism

Liberalism- Neo Liberalism

Feminism

Mercantilism

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 66

Which one is a classical approach in international political economy theories?

Feminism

Post-Structuralism

Positive IPE

Constructivist IPE

Economic Nationalism

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 67

Which of the given studies the political battle between the winners and losers of global economic exchange?

World Trade Organisation

International Political Economy

International Monetary Fund

World Bank

International Economic Society

Açıklama:

IPE is a discipline that studies the way in which global economy and politics interacts and the result of that interactions. That is, “IPE studies the political battle between the winners and losers of global economic exchange”.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 68

What term is about the use of scarce resources for unlimited desires?

Economics

Politics

Philosophy

Psychology

International Relations

Açıklama:

Economics is about the use of scarce resources for unlimited desires while politics
is about order and public goods. These two, -state and market or economy and politics-, are distinct field of studies and they require both distinct approaches and theories.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 69

In which period, economics and politics were not divided at all as separate disciplines?

Post modern period

Pre modern period

Modern period

Classical Period

Apocaliptic period

Açıklama:

IPE can be classified into three sub-periods, under which general approaches to the discipline shifted fundamentally:
i. classical period;
ii. the long negligence period;
iii. the rise of IPE.
In the classical period, economics and politics were not divided at all as separate disciplines.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 70

Which school reflects classical political economy tradition and as such often discusses normative questions?

American School

Frankfurt School

Paris Commune

British School

German School

Açıklama:

The British school reflects classical political economy tradition and as such often discusses normative questions and uses an interpretive tone on the contrary to the American school’s commitment to positivist methodologies.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 71

Which of the given is an emerging approaches in International Political Economy?

Feminism

Marxism

Liberalism

Neo-liberalism

Mercantalism

Açıklama:

Emerging approaches in International Political Economy
• Positive IPE
• Constructivist IPE
• Post-Structuralism
• Feminism• Green Approaches in IPE

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 72

Who were the French social reformers and their immediate influence in French economic and political affairs lasted about two decades?

Mercantilists

Economic Nationalists

Feminists

Marxists

Physiocrats

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 73

Who was the was the leading figure of the French physiocrats School?

Adam Smith

Karl Marx

Etienne Condillac

Jean Baudrillard

François Quesnay

Açıklama:

François Quesnay (1694-1774) was the leading figure of the French physiocrats
School. He served as a medical doctor (surprisingly not as an economist) in the Louis
XV’s Versailles palace. Quesnay was the doctor of Madame de Pompadour, King Louis
XV’s favourite mistress.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 74

Which is defined as, properly regarded as a blend of economic fallacy and state creation of special privilege?

Marxism

Mercantilism

Communism

Capitalism

Economic nationalism

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 75

Whose works were the origins of economic nationalism?

Karl Marx

Thomas Mun

Alexander Hamilton

Jane Austen

François Quesnay

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 76

Which of the given has rose from thinking in response to the mercantilist conventional wisdom of the seventeenth century?

Neo Liberalism

Marxism

Classic Liberalism

Post colonialism

Modern Liberalism

Açıklama:

Classic liberalism has rose from thinking in response to the mercantilist conventional wisdom of the seventeenth century. In this sense, David Hume (1711-1776) was probably the first thinker who criticized the mercantilist thinking and practice. Before the WW I, gold standard was a functional tool in resolving and easing international transactions.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 77

"Hegemonic stability theory based on_______"
Which of the following most appropriately completes the sentence above?

International laws

the distribution of the civil right

constitutional guarantee

the distribution of power argument

the equal distribution of opportunities

Açıklama:

One of the big questions in international relations is about how to achieve cooperation. One type of explanation for that is the neo-realist argument of hegemonic stability theory based on the distribution of power argument. In a simple term, it argues countries cooperate in international politics since hegemon force them with sticks or influence them with carrots to do so.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 78

Which of the following is a variant of contemporary Marxism?

Independency School

Neo-Gramscian School

Liberation School

Novel School

Cox School

Açıklama:

There are different variants of contemporary Marxism, and it is not an easy task to group them into generally accepted groupings. However, we can find at least two categories that are often used when it comes to International Political Economy. These two neo-Marxist approaches are Neo Gramscian School and Dependency Schools.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 79

"Neo Marxist/Dependency School departs from _______"
Which of the following most appropriately completes the sentence above?

How the breakdown between the core and periphery is maintained

how these inequalities/discrepancies are sustained

when these inequalities/discrepancies emerged

the perpetuating inequalities/ discrepancies between core and periphery

how these inequalities/discrepancies have been dealt with

Açıklama:

Dependency school is another neo-Marxist variant of theories of IPE that explains development processes by looking at the dominance and subordination relation taking place between core and periphery. Practically this model departs from the perpetuating inequalities/ discrepancies between core and periphery and the way in which that inequalities/discrepancies has been institutionalized and produced over and over again.

Doğru Cevap: D

Ünite 3

Soru 1

When did " The Industrial Revolution " begin in England?

in the second half of the 18th century.

in the first half of the 18th century.

in the first half of the 19th century.

in the second half of the 19th century.

in the 18th century.

Açıklama:

With the Industrial Revolution, population growth has been experienced and with the mechanization in the agricultural sector, the same piece of land has been able to feed more people. The Industrial Revolution began in England in the second half of the 18th century. Doğru yanıt " A " dır.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 2

" It is the name of the movement carried out by people who advocate the idea of free exchange and the principles of liberal economics in England in the nineteenth century. "
Which of the following correctly defines the sentence above?

Industrial capitalism

Manchester liberalism

Historical block

Industrial revolution

Common interest

Açıklama:

Manchester liberalism is the name of the movement that carried out by people who advocate the idea of free exchange and the principles of liberal economics in England in the nineteenth century. Doğru yanıt " B " dir.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 3

During the gold standard era, which country was a major exporter of financial capital?

Germany

France

Britain

America

Latin America

Açıklama:

In 1871, the UK rose to a monetary hegemon status with the spread of the gold standard. During the gold standard era, Britain was a major exporter of financial capital. London has become the center of world gold, money and financial markets. This has been an important reason for other countries to adopt the gold standard. Doğru yanıt " C " dir.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 4

" ..................... is an international organization that brings together 193 countries in order to work together for international peace and security. "
Which of the following correctly completes the sentence above?

The United States

The Eastern Bloc

The World Bank

The United Nations

The US Hegemony

Açıklama:

The United Nations is an international organization that brings together 193
countries in order to work together for international peace and security, to develop friendly relationships, to promote and develop social progress, better living standards and human rights. Doğru yanıt " D " dir.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 5

" It was the period from the post-World War II to the end of the Soviet Union in 1991, "
Which of the following is the correct name of the period related to the sentence above?

The global market mechanism

The Bretton-Woods

The hegemonic power of Britain

The World Financial Crisis

The period of the Cold War

Açıklama:

The period of the Cold War was the period from the post-World War II to the end of the Soviet Union in 1991, which is dominated by two ideological blocks led by two superpowers (USA and USSR) in political, economic and military terms. Doğru yanıt " E " dir.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 6

What is the name of the treaty that has undergone radical changes in the Treaty of Rome?

The European Single Act

The winds of Unity and Solidarity

The Schengen Treaty

The European Community

The Treaty of Brussels

Açıklama:

The European Single Act is the treaty that has undergone radical changes in the Treaty of Rome, which officially initiated the European Union single market and European Political Cooperation. Doğru yanıt " A " dır.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 7

Which of the following is wrong that The Council of Europe, together with the Copenhagen Criteria, has agreed?

A consensus was reached on the adoption of the Copenhagen Criteria.

The enlargement of the European Union won't include Central Eastern European Countries.

A country has to fully ensure the Copenhagen Criteria defined in the Copenhagen Leaders’ Summit in 1993.

A well-established economy is capable of competing with members of the union.

It covers the criteria that countries applying for candidacy must meet before being admitted to full membership.

Açıklama:

The Council of Europe, together with the Copenhagen Criteria, has agreed that the enlargement of the European Union will include Central Eastern European Countries and also covers the criteria that countries applying for candidacy must meet before being admitted to full membership. Doğru yanıt " B " dir.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 8

What is the aim of the social market economy?

To take over the country management.

To shift production from low productivity sectors to highly productive sectors.

To integrate the principles of freedom and social equality in the market.

To be defined with the Western development models.

To change the current balance between global powers.

Açıklama:

The aim of the social market economy is to integrate the principles of freedom and social equality in the market. Doğru yanıt " C " dir.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 9

When and where was the westernization initiated by Emperor Mutsuhito, which is called The Meiji Restoration?

In the first half of the 18th century in Germany

In the first half of the 19th century in France

In the second half of the 18th century in Japan

In the second half of the 19th century in Japan

In the 19th century in USA

Açıklama:

In the second half of the 19th century in Japan, the westernization initiated by the Emperor Mutsuhito is called The Meiji Restoration (1868-1912). Doğru yanıt " D " dir.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 10

Which of the following is not one of the important reforms that the Taiwan government made in 1960?

Investment Incentive Law was enacted to promote Foreign Direct Investment as a first reform.

The next reform related to the subject is that Foreign Direct Investment included domestic investment.

Another reform is the indexing of wages to the exchange rate.

The other reform is that export incentive was formed and tariffs were reduced for the purpose of the increase of exports.

The other reform suggested as Taiwan’s trade policy is not accepted as the transition to export-oriented industrialization policy.

Açıklama:

In 1957, the Taiwan Bank began to give cheap export credits, and in 1958 the government started to implement the Foreign Exchange and Trade Reform Plan. In 1960, the government made three important reforms. Firstly, Investment Incentive Law was enacted to promote Foreign Direct Investment, including domestic investment. The second is the indexing of wages to the exchange rate. Thirdly, export incentive was formed and tariffs was reduced for the purpose of the increase of exports. In the mid-1960s, special factories, export regions and other additional incentives were used to increase exports. As a result of the measures taken, since the 1960s, Taiwan’s trade policy has been realized the transition to export-oriented industrialization policy. Doğru yanıt " E " dir.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 11

Which of the following helped the UK achieve great success in declining the Dutch superiority in foreign trade and forming a stronger trading network in the 17th century?

The Navigation Act

The Hundred Years of Peace

The Bretton Woods System

World Financial Crisis

The Cereal Laws

Açıklama:

With the Navigation Act, which was launched in 1651, the UK achieved a great success in declining the Dutch superiority in foreign trade and formed a strong trading network that challenged the Dutch trade network. The capitalist British state has succeeded in realizing the economic dynamics and social transformation that would lead to the industrial revolution by removing the barriers to the capitalist organization of agriculture and industry.
The Navigation Act (1651) helped the UK to achieve a great success in foreign trade and to form a strong trading network. Therefore, the correct choice is A.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 12

Which of the following can't be considered as one of the consequences of the Seven Years’ War between England and France on overseas colonies between 1775 and 1763?

France lost most of its colonies to England.

Britain started an open-door policy rather than protectionism.

Britain reinforced its superiority and colonial power.

Endless financial crisis caused reactions against the feudal monarchy in France.

France lost its political power overseas.

Açıklama:

The most important part of the competition between England and France on overseas colonies is the Seven Years’ War between 1775 and 1763. It is the war that resulted in France losing most of its colonies to England. Following this war, Britain has reinforced its superiority and colonial power in the seas around the world. France, which lost its economic and political power in these wars, was dragged into an endless financial crisis. This crisis has aggravated the reactions against the feudal monarchy in France and paved the way for the great developments that resulted in the French Revolution.
Britain’s open-door policy rather than protectionism is the free trade doctrine which applied long after the Seven Years’ War between England and France. Therefore, the correct choice is B.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 13

Why did the UK acted with the old European regimes and successfully led efforts to return to the Westphalia System during the 1815 Vienna Congress?

To impose the ideology of British free trade doctrine which was linked to the industrial superiority of Britain.

The UK wanted to reinforce its superiority and colonial power in the seas around the world.

To support the industrial revolution that took place in the last quarter of the 18th century.

The UK saw the French Revolution as a rising danger for the monarchies in Europe.

To achieve a great success in declining the Dutch superiority in foreign trade and form a strong trading network.

Açıklama:

Napoleon’s military expeditions and blockades have violated the legitimate sovereign rights and trade freedom of the Westphalian system, allowing Britain to identify a common interest in European powers. The UK, which tried to erase the unpleasant memories of the 17th century British Revolution, which provided its own capitalist transformation, was the spokesperson of the conservative reaction of the old regimes in Europe, which acted against the danger posed by the French Revolution. During the 1815 Vienna Congress, which was held in the wake of the Napoleonic Wars, the UK acted with the old European regimes and successfully led efforts to return to the Westphalia System. Thus, from the Vienna Congress until 1914, when the First World War broke out, under the rule of England, the Hundred Years of Peace began.
The UK was the spokesperson of the conservative reaction of the old regimes in Europe and acted against the danger posed by the French Revolution. Therefore, the correct choice is D.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 14

Which of the following was the main difference between the UK and the US during their hegemonic power in the world?

The US used the gold standard where the UK never used it.

The US opposed the idea of a colonial empire and supported the principle of self-determination of nations.

The US strongly supported capitalism; however, the UK didn't.

The US dollar is the global currency where the British pound has never been used as global means of payment.

The US has a great military power and diplomatic capacity where the UK lacked strong military power during its hegemony.

Açıklama:

After the war, the US gained hegemony, as Britain did in the early 19th century, by first leading to the inter-state system and then continuing to reconstruct and manage this system with the aim of reconstructing the principles, rules and norms of the Westphalian system.
The fact that the United States, which has had the experience of gaining its independence from the British Empire in the past, is strongly opposed to the idea of colonial empire and has the principle of self-determination of nations has been one of the most important reasons for its hegemony.
The US opposed to the idea of colonial empire since it gained its independence from the British Empire. Therefore, the correct choice is B.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 15

Which of the following did the establishment of the IMF at the Bretton Woods Conference specifically bring to the global financial system?

The new system limited the threat from the Eastern Bloc, especially the USSR and its allies.

The US dollar was fixed to the gold and the other currencies were priced according to the dollar.

The starting of competitive devaluations and protective tariffs to increase the US economic hegemony globally.

The colonial empire era ended and the principle of self-determination of nations has begun.

The Conference was a promise of prosperity for the laborers of the world and great news for the unions.

Açıklama:

The US plan has been proposed as a stabilization fund, a world bank and a dollar-based gold standard. Each of these institutions will be under US supervision, and the leadership of the world will be provided under the conditions that the US wants. At the end of the conference, two institutions, IMF (International Monetary Fund), which regulate the system of international payments, and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), which is later called the World Bank, were established.
A fixed exchange rate system based on the gold standard was implemented. The US dollar was fixed to the gold and the other countries’ currencies were priced according to the dollar. Therefore, the correct choice is B.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 16

Which of the following incidents in the global economy put an end to the classical period of the US hegemony in the world?

The collapse of the Bretton Woods system in 1971.

The recovery of Western European and Japanese economies with mass production in 1960's.

The expansion of European Communities in 1973.

China changing its economic regime by opening its market to Western investors.

Far Eastern countries coming up with their enormous industrial power and technological capacity.

Açıklama:

The bright period of post-war US hegemony has faced serious problems after the recovery of Western European and Japanese economies since the 1960s. The loose fiscal policies and chronic external deficits of the US by exploiting the dollar’s international reserve money role have brought an end to the Bretton Woods system. The collapse of the Bretton Woods system in 1971 ended the classical period of US hegemony.
The collapse of the Bretton Woods system in 1971 ended the classical period of US hegemony. Therefore, the correct choice is A.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 17

Which of the following enabled many of the EU member states to travel without passport control at the border?

The Treaty of Brussels

The Treaty of Rome

The Schengen Treaty

The Maastricht Treaty

The Treaty of Nice

Açıklama:

The Schengen Treaty, signed in 1985, enabled many member states to travel without passport control at the border. According to the Schengen Treaty, there are many judicial issues, including the abolition of passport control among member states, and the share of the European Union in internal affairs regulations.
The Schengen Treaty, signed in 1985, enabled many member states to travel without passport control at the border. Therefore, the correct choice is C.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 18

Which of the following criteria must be met by a country in order to be a member of the European Union?

The Society Criteria

The Stronger Connectivity Criteria

The Copenhagen Criteria

The Governance Criteria

The Paris Agreement Criteria

Açıklama:

In order to participate in the European Union, a country has to fully ensure the Copenhagen Criteria defined in the Copenhagen Leaders’ Summit in 1993. These criteria require a stable democracy that respects the rule of law and human rights, a well-established economy capable of competing with members of the union, and the adoption of membership conditions, including the laws of the European Union.
A country has to fully ensure the Copenhagen Criteria in order to participate in the EU. Therefore, the correct choice is C.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 19

Which of the following institutions of the EU provides the general goals and priorities but does not have the power to make the law?

The Court of Justice of the European Union

The European Central Bank

The European Parliament

The European Commission

The Council of the European Union

Açıklama:

The Legislative Council of the European Union provides the general goals and priorities and provides the necessary acceleration for its development. However, it does not have the power to make the law.
The (Legislative) Council of the European Union provides and provisions the general goals, however it does not have the power to make the law. Therefore, the correct choice is E.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 20

Which of the following helped the devastated Japanese economy to improve rapidly after the World War II?

The sectorial development strategy followed by the Heavy Industry Program

The selective approach to neoliberalism and financial liberalization

The policy in the form investment incentives rather than export incentives

The Dodge Plan and the beginning of the Korean War

The intense migration from rural to cities and the protectionist and export-promoting period

Açıklama:

The defeat of Japan in the Second World War and the collapse of the pre-war infrastructure led to the reconstruction of the country’s economy. The US invasion of Japan has led the country to undertake a series of economic reforms, restructuring the country’s economy and eventually becoming an economic power.
One of the main factors in the revival of the Japanese economy is the implementation of the Dodge Plan and the beginning of the Korean War. In particular, the increase in productivity as a result of the Korean War positively affected the acceleration of economic development.
One of the main factors in the revival of the Japanese economy is the implementation of the Dodge Plan and the beginning of the Korean War. Therefore, the correct choice is D.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 21

When did Cold War end?

1961

1971

1981

1991

2001

Açıklama:

1991

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 22

Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?

England

the USA

Germany

Spain

Russia

Açıklama:

England

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 23

What is is the name of the movement that carried out by people who advocate the idea of free exchange and the principles of liberal economics in England in the nineteenth century?

Industrial Revolution

Navigation Act

Manchester liberalism

The European Union

The Western Bloc

Açıklama:

Manchester liberalism

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 24

Which event made it clear that the hegemonic power of Britain was over?

the Industrial Revolution

World War I

the 1873 World Financial Crisis

World War II

the defeat of Napoleon

Açıklama:

At the end of World War I, it became clear that the hegemonic power of Britain was over.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 25

What made the US to enter World War II?

Atomic Bombs

Cold War

Great Depression

The Nazi Germany

Attack by Japan on Pearl Harbor

Açıklama:

The US, who preferred not to participate in the Second World War, was involved in the Second World War with a sudden attack by Japan on Pearl Harbor’s military facilities.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 26

How many member states does the United Nations consist of?

124

142

161

182

193

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 27

When was NATO established?

1939

1945

1949

1951

1968

Açıklama:

1949

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 28

Which country formed a counter-position against the USA, which emerged as the ideological other at the beginning of the 20th century?

Soviet Union

The UK

England

France

Germany

Açıklama:

The United States, which emerged as a global power in the 20th century, has become more and more interested in developments related to global issues. This historical task was in the form of a counter-position against the Soviet Union, which emerged as the ideological other.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 29

When was the Schengen Treaty signed?

1980

1985

1986

1990

1991

Açıklama:

1985

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 30

When was the policy of opening up and reform implemented?

During the Mao Period.

During the Planned Economy Period.

During the Meiji Period.

During the Period of Deng Siopeng.

During the Heavy Chemical Industry Program Period.

Açıklama:

It was developed the Socialist Market Economy in Chinese Style as a result of Planned Economy which based on of centralization applied in the high level during the Mao Period (1949 - 1976) and the outward opening and reform policy implemented during the Period of Deng Siopeng.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 31

When did the Cold War end?

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

Açıklama:

After the Second World War, the new systemic structure created by two opposing blocs led by two superpowers and the ideological competition within this structure created a system called Cold War. This two-pole power struggle ended in 1991 with the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 32

I. Free trade doctrine has been linked to the industrial superiority of Britain.
II. Britain rose to a monetary hegemonic status with the global market mechanism.
III. Britain continued managing the world through the end of the 19th century.
Which of the above statement or statements are correct?

Only I

Only II

Only III

II and III

I and III

Açıklama:

-
The most important ideology of British sovereignty is free trade doctrine; this doctrine has been linked to the industrial superiority of Britain, which gained a great power in the Industrial Revolution. In 1871, Britain rose to a monetary hegemonic status with the spread of the gold standard. Britain continued its function of managing the world through the end of the 19th century.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 33

Which event led to the UK achieve a great success in declining the Dutch superiority in foreign trade?

The Peace of Westphalia

The spread of the gold standard

The Navigation Act

The Seven Years’ War

The Industrial Revolution

Açıklama:

-
With the Navigation Act, which was launched in 1651, the UK achieved a great success in declining the Dutch superiority in foreign trade and formed a strong trading network that challenged the Dutch trade network.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 34

With which event did the 100 years of peace begin?

The Navigation Act

The end of the Seven Years’ War

The Peace of Westphalia

The Vienna Congress

The French Revolution

Açıklama:

-
From the Vienna Congress until 1914, when the First World War broke out, under the rule of England, the Hundred Years of Peace began.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 35

I. The free trade doctrine helped attain cheap technology to British production goods for European states that have recently built national unions and economies.
II. With the free trade doctrine European states have focused on the benefits of Britain’s open-door policy rather than protectionism.
III. The successful functioning of Manchester liberalism, which advocates the idea of free exchange, led to the emergence of the doctrine of free trade.
Which of the above statement or statements are correct about the free trade doctrine?

Only I

Only II

Only III

I and II

II and III

Açıklama:

-
The successful functioning of the doctrine of free trade led Manchester liberalism, the intellectual pillar of this doctrine, to defend the secession right of all the colonies of England in the 1850s.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 36

When was the European Single Act signed?

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

Açıklama:

-
In 1986, the European flag was used and the leaders signed the European Single Act.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 37

I. The Schengen Treaty
II. The European Single Act
III. The Treaty of Rome
Which of the following optiona includes the correct chronological order of the events listed above?

I-II-III

I-III-II

II-I-III

III-I-II

II-III-I

Açıklama:

In 1957, the EU has strengthened its foundations with the Treaty of Rome. The Schengen Treaty, signed in 1985, enabled many member states to travel without passport control at the border. In 1986, the European flag was used and the leaders signed the European Single Act.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 38

Which of the below is not a candidate country waiting to join the European Union?

Slovenia

Albania

Iceland

Montenegro

Serbia

Açıklama:

-
There are 6 candidate countries waiting to join the Union. They are: Albania, Iceland, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Turkey.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 39

Which of the statements below is not true?

South Korea’s general success in economy is due to a policy in the form investment incentives rather than export incentives.

One of the main factors in the revival of the Japanese economy is the implementation of the Dodge Plan.

In Taiwan, Investment Incentive Law was enacted to promote Foreign Direct Investment, including domestic investment.

After it became a member of the World Trade Organization, China became a capital-exporting economy.

The Asian crisis in 1997 had a substantial impact on Taiwan with high external debt ratio and low foreign exchange reserves.

Açıklama:

-
Despite the impact of the Asian crisis in 1997, Taiwan has achieved slightly to be affected by this crisis with a controlled foreign capital inflow, low external debt ratio and high foreign exchange reserves and registered a 10% increase in foreign direct investments in 1999.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 40

After which of the followings did the global market mechanism, led by the U.S.A., begin to take shape?

World War II.

The Great Depression of 1929.

End of Cold War.

Industrial Revolution.

World War I.

Açıklama:

Pge 61.
The global market mechanism, which the U.S. was a pioneer, began to take shape after the Second World War. With the establishment of the IMF, a fixed exchange rate system based on the gold standard was implemented. Therefore, the correct option is A.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 41

According to the fixed exchange rate system with the establishment of the IMF, which of the followings was the value of the U.S. dollar fixed to?

Diamond.

Gold.

Uranium.

Plutonium.

Silver.

Açıklama:

Page 61.
With the establishment of the IMF, a fixed exchange rate system based on the gold standard was implemented. According to the established financial system, the U.S. dollar was fixed to the gold and the other countries’ currencies were priced according to the dollar. Therefore, the correct option is B.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 42

Within the fixed exchange rate system with the establishment of the IMF, which of the followings was the standard according to which other countries' currencies were priced?

Gold.

U.S. Dollar.

Oil Prices.

British Pound.

Silver.

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 43

"With the Industrial Revolution, population growth has been experienced and with the mechanization in the agricultural sector."
When did the Industrial Revolution begin in England?

Late eighteenth century.

Early nineteenth century.

Mid-nineteenth century.

Late nineteenth century.

Early twentieth century.

Açıklama:

Page 62.
With the Industrial Revolution, population growth has been experienced and with the mechanization in the agricultural sector, the same piece of land has been able to feed more people. The Industrial Revolution began in England in the second half of the 18th century. Therefore, the correct option is A.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 44

Which of the followings did the British Navigation Act of 1651 aim to stop or diminish?

Rising threat of French navy.

Ottoman products flooding the domestic market.

Number of ships produced by the U.K.

Dutch superiority in foreign trade.

Colonization of Portugal in North Africa.

Açıklama:

Page 62.
With the Navigation Act, which was launched in 1651, the UK achieved a great success in declining the Dutch superiority in foreign trade and formed a strong trading network that challenged the Dutch trade network. The capitalist British state has succeeded in realizing the economic dynamics and social transformation that would lead to the industrial revolution by removing the barriers to the capitalist organization of agriculture and industry. Therefore, the correct option is D.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 45

Which of the followings refers to the movement that carried out by people who advocate the idea of free exchange and the principles of liberal economics in England in the nineteenth century?

Common interest.

Hundred Years of Peace.

Industrial Revolution.

Historical block.

Manchester liberalism.

Açıklama:

Page 63.
Manchester liberalism is the name of the movement that carried out by people who advocate the idea of free exchange and the principles of liberal economics in England in the nineteenth century. Therefore, the correct option is E.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 46

"Throughout the Cold War, superpowers determined the international system on the axis of the East - West block."
Which of the followings was not among the elements of this system?

Warsaw Pact.

Bipolar ideological conflict.

Third world countries.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

National Socialist German Workers' Party.

Açıklama:

Page 67.
The Cold War period has three defining characteristics in terms of the international system. The first is a bipolar ideological conflict based on the hegemony of the United States (US) and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), referred to as superpowers, on the axis of the East - West block which determines the international system. The Western Bloc consists of industrialized capitalist Western European countries in the hegemony of the United States, including Australia, Japan, Canada and New Zealand. After World War II, the US adopted an international system dominated by free trade and liberal international economic order. The Eastern Bloc is composed of the Marxist states in Eastern Europe in the hegemony of the USSR, including “satellite states”.
These blocks aroused with NATO and the Warsaw Pact and laid the foundation of the Cold War. The ideological conflict that determined the Cold War revolved around the third world countries (the underdeveloped countries in the Southern Hemisphere), which have been trying to obtain their independence from colonialism since 1955, with the help of foreign aid or the direct military intervention, to take the influence of their own blocks.
Therefore, the correct option is E.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 47

Which of the followings was the treaty that has undergone radical changes in the Treaty of Rome, which officially initiated the European Union single market and European Political Cooperation?

Schengen Treaty.

Treaty of Brussels.

Maastricht Treaty.

European Single Act.

Euratom.

Açıklama:

Page 69.
The European Single Act is the treaty that has undergone radical changes in the Treaty of Rome, which officially initiated the European Union single market and European Political Cooperation. Therefore, the correct option is E.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 48

What year was the common currency of Euro adopted in?

2000.

2001.

2002.

2005.

2006.

Açıklama:

Page 70.
In 2002, twelve member countries adopted a common currency of Euro. Since then, the Euro zone, composed of Euro-using countries, has reached nineteen countries. In 2004, the European Union saw the largest enlargement in its history with the official accession of ten new candidate countries, most of them former Eastern Bloc countries. Three years later, Bulgaria and Romania joined the Union and the last enlargement of the Union took place in 2013 with the participation of Croatia. Therefore, the correct option is C.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 49

Which of the following refers to the westernization period (1868-1912) in Japan initiated by the Emperor Mutsuhito?

Period of Deng Siopeng.

Dodge Plan.

Meiji Restoration.

Mao Period.

Treaty of Kanagawa.

Açıklama:

Page 75.
In the second half of the 19th century in Japan, the westernization initiated by the Emperor Mutsuhito is called The Meiji Restoration (1868-1912). Therefore, the correct option is C.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 50

After which of the following treaties did the "nation-state" become a concrete concept in Europe?

The Peace of Westphalia

The Peace of Versailles

The Peace of Istanbul

The Peace of Stockholm

The Peace of Serves

Açıklama:

The historical background
After its rise in the 17th century, Holland, following the Peace of Westphalia, which was signed in 1648 brought the “nation-state” into a concrete concept in Europe, left its colonial leadership to the British, which is the basic feature of its hegemonic structure.

Doğru Cevap: A

Ünite 4

Soru 1

Which of the following is not one of the Globalists view?

• Pessimistic view of the outcome of globalization

• Globalization is real and unique

• Globalization is an evolving process reducing continuously the pace of nation-state

• Optimistic view of the outcome of globalization

• Multi-layered global governance

Açıklama:

Globalists views
• Globalization is real and unique
• Globalization is an evolving process reducing continuously the pace of nation-state
• Optimistic view of the outcome of globalization
• increasingly important role played by transnational and multilateral corporations and theemergence
of a new global division of labour
• Multilateralism as the dominant mode of governance
• multi-layered global governance
Doğru yanıt " A " dır.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 2

Which of the following is related to the Globophobia?

• Emphasizes the positive side of globalization, and deemphasizes its negative sides.

• Globalization leads to greater inequality.

• Positive aspects of globalization include economic growth and spread of democracy and civil liberties.

• Globalization is neither responsible of all its negative effects nor an abundant source of benefit to humanity.

• All positive and negative issues in this world do not entirely find their root cause into the globalization process.

Açıklama:

Globaphilia Vs Globophobia.
Globaphilia
• Emphasizes the positive side of globalization, and deemphasizes its negative sides.
• Positive aspects of globalization include economic growth and spread of democracy and civil liberties.
Globophobia
• emphasizes the negative impact of globalization on the less wealthy people of the world.
• Globalization leads to greater inequality
Middle Ground approach
• All positive and negative issues in this world do not entirely find their root cause into the globalization
process.
Doğru yanıt " B " dir.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 3

Which of the following is not one of the Phases of Globalization?

1st Phase (1860-1914):

2nd Phase (post-WWII-1990):

3rd Phase (post-1900)

4th Phase (1990-2008):

5th phase (2008-present):

Açıklama:

Phases of Globalization
• 1st Phase (1860-1914): British economic leadership:
• 2nd Phase (post-WWII-1990): under the leadership of the USA as the world’s super-economic power;
• 3rd Phase (1990-2008): US Economic leadership:
• 4th phase (2008-present): US and China’s economic leadership:
Doğru yanıt " C " dir.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 4

Which of the following is not one of the Theories of Globalization?

Realism and Globalization,

Liberalism and Globalization,

Marxism and Globalization,

The Key Drivers of Globalization,

Constructivism and Globalization

Açıklama:

THEORIES OF GLOBALIZATION
Each IR theory has its own approach to and understanding of globalization. They offer different perspectives on globalization in accordance their own conceptua-lization of world politics. Each theory responds to the rise of globalization, its
opportunities and limitations based on their own theoretical framework.

Realism and Globalization
Liberalism and Globalization
Marxism and Globalization
Constructivism and Globalization
Poststructuralists and Globalization
Postcolonialism and Globalization Doğru yanıt " D " dir.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 5

"It leads to the increasing interdependence between states, which are still acknowledged as national units". Which of the following is correctly defines the sentence above?

Globalization,

Deglobalization,

Capitalism,

Postcolonialism,

Internationalization,

Açıklama:

Whereas globalization is a long term historical process, internationalization and
regionalization are spatially delimited processes. Despite the fact that internationalization leads to the increasing interdependence between states,
states are still acknowledged as national units. However, globalization is informed by the clear separation of the internal and external spaces. Doğru yanıt " E " dir.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 6

Who below is an American sociologist and world-systems analyst born on September 28, 1930?

Immanuel Maurice Wallerstein,

Dean Under,

Massey David Harvey,

Dani Rodrik,

Ruchir Sharma,

Açıklama:

Immanuel Wallerstein
Immanuel Maurice Wallerstein, born on September 28, 1930 is an American sociologist and world-systems analyst, best known for his famous book “The Modern World System” published in 1974. His main arguments in this book is that contrary to empires, the modern world system extensively relies on endless accumulation of capital through economic control of the world order and exploitation of the peripheral countries by the wealthiest core countries and semi-peripheral countries ensuring the continuity and stability of the system. He is currently a Senior Research Scholar at Yale University. Doğru yanıt " A " dır.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 7

Who argues that “the global capitalist system has produced a very uneven playing field”?

Joseph Stiglitz,

George Soros,

Martin Wolf,

Richard Baldwin,

Halsall, J. P.,

Açıklama:

George Soros, in his analysis of economic globalization, argues: “The global capitalist system has produced a very uneven playing field” (Soros, 1998: xix) and has reduced significantly the power of the individuals to determine their destiny. Doğru yanıt " B " dir.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 8

" It stems from the belief that holds globalization responsible for the degradation
of norms and values, economic, social and political rights. "
Which term below fits the statement above most?

Globalization,

Regionalism,

Populism,

Protectionism,

New localism,

Açıklama:

Populism: Populism stems from the belief that holds globalization responsible for the degradation of norms and values, economic, social and political rights. In this sense, populist proponents are fiercely against liberal free trade market, regional integration, immigration, Muslims and capital export. Doğru yanıt " C " dir.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 9

Who mentions that the technological change and the escalation of capital costs have led to a declining power of the state?

David P. Baker,

Gerald K. LeTendre,

John Glenn,

Susan Strange,

Dani Rodrik,

Açıklama:

Globalization and Nation-States
Regarding the effects of globalization on nationstates, Susan Strange mentions that technological change and the escalation of capital costs have led to a declining power of the state. Strange points out however that paradoxically there has also been a growing state intervention into people’s daily lives, especially on marginal issues (Strange, 2015: 232-238). Doğru yanıt " D " dir.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 10

"It is a treaty signed on 14 June 1985 and which results in the formation of a schengen area."
Which of the following correctly defines the sentence above?

Globalization Process,

Immigration Policy,

Brexit Process,

Austerity Policy,

Schengen Agreement,

Açıklama:

Schengen Agreement: The Schengen Agreement is a treaty signed on 14 June 1985 and which results in the formation of a schengen area whereinternal border controls are mostly suppressed and people movefreely within this schengen area. Initially signed by five of the ten member states of the European Economic Community, it has been enlarged to currently 26 EU member states.The Dublin convention was signed in June 1990 to regulate the conditions of concrete implementation of the Schengen agreement such as abolishing border controls in the schengen area, unifying the procedure for visa delivery, putting into place a Schengen Information System and establishing a cooperation structure between internal and immigration officers. Doğru yanıt " E " dir.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 11

Which of the following is mainly about promoting and guaranteeing free trade and individual liberties and making the world borderless and prosperous?

Capitalism

Internationalization

Regionalization

Globalization

Migration

Açıklama:

Globalization is a contested term. In conventional terms, globalization includes the integration of capital, product and labour markets across the borders of national politics. Generally speaking, Globalization is mainly about promoting and guaranteeing free trade and individual liberties and making the world borderless and prosperous.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 12

Which of the following emphasizes the positive side of globalization, and deemphasizes its negative sides?

Globophobia

Globaphilia

Middle Ground approach

Sceptics

Liberalists

Açıklama:

Globaphilia Vs Globophobia.
Globaphilia

Emphasizes the positive side of globalization, and deemphasizes its negative sides.
Positive aspects of globalization include economic growth and spread of democracy and civil liberties.

Globophobia

emphasizes the negative impact of globalization on the less wealthy people of the world.
Globalization leads to greater inequality

Middle Ground approach

All positive and negative issues in this world do not entirely find their root cause into the globalization process.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 13

Which of the following see globalization as a concept or process which has been used in the benefit of international capitalism?

Marxists

Liberals

Realists

Postcolonialists

Poststructuralists

Açıklama:

The Marxist theory of IR considers globalization the end result of capitalism and contributes to the increasing of divides between the economic classes in societies. Marxists see globalization as a concept or process which has been used in the benefit of international capitalism.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 14

Which of the following see globalization as a political phenomenon which is generally taken for granted by the leaders?

Realists

Marxists

Liberals

Poststructuralists

Constructivists

Açıklama:

Constructivists criticize the way globalization has been presented as a process which has been externally pushed and which cannot be challenged by the leaders. They see globalization as a political phenomenon which is generally taken for granted by the leaders.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 15

Which of the following is not one of the reasons of increasing de-globalization in the world?

Increasing global inequality

The Brexit success

Rise of immigration

President Trump’s nationalist stance

Trade war policies

Açıklama:

Globalization is a cyclical process with periods of hyper-globalization and deglobalization. The world is currently in a phase of increasing de-globalization materialized by increasing global inequality, the Brexit success, President Trump’s nationalist stance, anti-immigration, and trade war policies and the rise of ultranationalist political parties in Europe.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 16

Which of the following is about increasing economic and political relations among nations and uses the nations as the basic unit?

Capitalism

Internationalization

Deglobalization

Regionalization

Postcolonialism

Açıklama:

Globalization and internationalization are generally used as interchangeable terms but both terms are totally distinct. Indeed, whereas internationalization is about increasing economic and political relations among nations and uses the nations as the basic unit, globalization however refers to a historical process leading to a change in human social space which increases interconnectedness among communities.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 17

Which of the following see globalization as a discourse?

Marxists

Liberals

Realists

Postcolonialists

Poststructuralists

Açıklama:

Poststructuralists see globalization as a discourse. Given this, they acknowledge that any claim made about globalization serves in the interest of a specific political discourse. Since each IR theory has its own truth about globalization, poststructuralists consider their discourses as a product of power. For them, a historical analysis is needed in order to grasp the role played by power in the making of discourse on globalization.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 18

Which of the following is believed to be one of the most destructive aspects of globalization?

The growing inequality

Having secure jobs

Feeling powerful against forces

Produced a very even playing field

Serving the interests of the world

Açıklama:

Joseph Stiglitz (2012) in his book “The Price of Inequality” underlines that the growing inequality might become one of the most destructive aspects of globalization. He further goes on to write that “Globalization has helped hundreds of millions of people attain higher standards of living.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 19

Which of the following stems from the belief that holds globalization responsible for the degradation of norms and values, economic, social and political rights?

Nation-States

Strengthening

Potilics

Populism

Economy

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 20

When was the Schengen Agreement signed?

March 2008

June 1990

June 1985

July 1995

August 1979

Açıklama:

The Schengen Agreement is a treaty signed on 14 June 1985 and which results in the formation of a Schengen area where internal border controls are mostly suppressed and people move freely within this Schengen area. Initially signed by five of the ten member states of the European Economic Community, it has been enlarged to currently 26 EU member states.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 21

I. It is about the increasing interconnectedness in every sphere of global governance,
II. It is related to the growing interactions as a consequence of the development of transport systems,
III. It includes the expanding of global space as a result of increasing activities in economics and trade.
Which of the above does the globalisation refer to?

Only I

Only II

I and II

II and III

I, II and III

Açıklama:

As a long historical process, globalization refers to:

the increasing interconnectedness in every sphere of global governance, ranging from economics/trade to politics and culture to defense/military.
the growing interactions as a consequence of the development of transport systems and communication mechanisms lead to the rapid diffusion of ideas, capital, information, news and technology.
the expanding of global space as a result of increasing activities in the field of economics/trade, politics and society within the national frontiers.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 22

I. In globalisation from above, the process is created and controlled by centralised and powerful groups.
II. In globalisation from below, the process is mainly imposed on individual actors in both the North and the South.
II. In globalisation from below, the process mostly benefits a small number of states and multinational corporations.
Which of the above is correct regarding the globalisation from above and globalisation from below?

Only I

Only II

I and II

II and III

I, II and III

Açıklama:

Whereas Globalization from above refers to the fact that the process is created and controlled by centralized and powerful groups and imposed on less powerful groups, Globalization from below is a process mainly imposed on individual actors in both the North and the South, and benefiting mostly a small number of powerful states, multinational corporations and wealthy individuals.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 23

I. Multi-layered global governance,
II. Revival of the role of nation-state in world politics,
III. Multilateral corporations remaining attached to their national countries.
Which of the above is correctly stated according to the globalists' view?

Only I

Only II

I and III

II and III

I, II and III

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 24

I. It emphasises the positive side of globalisation.
II. Its supporters think the aspects should include economic growth and civil liberties.
III. Its supporter focus on the impacts of the globalisation on the less wealthy people of the world.
Which of the above is correct according to the globaplihia?

Only I

Only II

I and II

II and III

I, II and III

Açıklama:

Globaphilia
• Emphasizes the positive side of globalization, and deemphasizes its negative sides.
• Positive aspects of globalization include economic growth and spread of democracy and civil liberties.
Globophobia
• Emphasizes the negative impact of globalization on the less wealthy people of the world.
• Globalization leads to greater inequality

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 25

I. There was US Economic Leadership in this period.
II. World Trade Organisation encouraged nations all over the world to be involved and adopt free trade agreements.
III. The spread of the Internet reinforced the connection with people and allowed for a global integration of value chains.
Which of the above is correct regarding the 3rd phase of Globalisation?

Only I

Only II

I and II

II and III

I, II and III

Açıklama:

3rd Phase (1990-2008): US Economic leadership: collapse of the Berlin wall and of the Soviet Union and globalization became a force which embraced many nations since then; international institutions, namely the World Trade Organization (WTO) encouraged successfully nations all over the world to be involved and to adopt free trade agreements and policies. The spread of internet connection reinforces the connections between people worldwide and allowed for a further global integration of value chains.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 26

Which theory criticises the way globalisation has been presented as a process that has been externally pushed and cannot be challenged by the leaders?

Postcolonialism

Constructivism

Poststructuralism

Realism

Marxism

Açıklama:

Constructivists criticize the way globalization has been presented as a process which has been externally pushed and which can not be challenged by the leaders. They see globalization as a political phenomenon which is generally taken for granted by the leaders. For constructivists, it is possible to shape globalization in a positive way.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 27

I. It stems from the belief that holds globalisation responsible for the degradation of norms and values.
II. Populist proponents are against liberal free market and immigration.
III. Bad economic performance worldwide has been one of the key factors behind growing democratic discontent.
Which of the above is correctly stated according to the Populism?

Only I

Only II

I and II

II and III

I, II and III

Açıklama:

Populism stems from the belief that holds globalization responsible for the degradation of norms and values, economic, social and political rights. In this sense, populist proponents are fiercely against liberal free trade market, regional integration, immigration, Muslims and capital export. Exploring the factors behind the rise of populism, Andrew Gamble in his book chapter on ‘Globalization and the New Populism’ underlines that although relative bad economic performance worldwide has been one of the key factors behind growing democratic discontent and decreasing political legitimacy across the Western world, the root causes of the rise of new populism ought to be found more deeply in rising antipathy towards liberalised international economies.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 28

I. Liberalism considers globalisation as an ensemble of processes leading to a great shift in world politics.
II. For liberals, globalisation does not constitute a threat to the sovereignty or their use of military power.
III. For liberals, the rapid development in technology and communication also lead to the growing interconnectedness among societies and people.
Which of the above summarises the relationship between liberalism and globalism?

Only I

Only II

I and II

I and III

I, II and III

Açıklama:

Liberalism considers globalization as an ensemble of processes leading to a great shift in
world politics. For liberals, globalization puts into question the realism’s worldview on world politics and state-centric approach. In contrast to realists, liberals acknowledge the existence of multiple actors in world politics as influential as states. For liberals, the rapid development in technology and communication as a consequence of globalization also lead to the growing interconnectedness among societies, people and nations. However, for realists, globalization does not constitute a threat to the sovereignty of nation-states or their use of military power.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 29

I. Division is made between materialist and ideal pushing factors of globalisation.
II. Globalisation draws from Marxism with respect to the material forces.
III. Capitalism, technology and multinational corporations play important roles as the driving forces.
Which of the above is correct regarding the key drivers of globalisation?

Only I

Only II

I and II

II and III

I, II and III

Açıklama:

Regarding the key drivers of globalization, division is generally made between materialist and ideal pushing factors of globalization. With respect to the material forces, it draws from Marxism and tends to identify objective factors such as capitalism, technology, and multinational corporations as the driving forces of contemporary globalization.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 30

I. Globalisation is seen as the worldwide expansion of the capitalist system.
II. They see globalization as a discourse.
III. They see globalization as a concept or process which has been used for the benefit of international capitalism.
Which of the above is correct regarding the relationship between globalization and the Marxist approach?

Only I

Only II

I and II

I and III

I, II and III

Açıklama:

Scholars with Marxist stance consider globalization as the worldwide expansion of the capitalist system. On one hand, poststructuralists see globalization as a discourse. Given this, they acknowledge that any claim made about globalization serves in the interest of a specific political discourse. On the other hand, Marxists see globalization as a concept or process which has been used in the benefit of international capitalism.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 31

Which one of the following terms refers to the fact that the globalization process is created and controlled by centralized and powerful groups and imposed on less powerful groups?

Globalization from above

Globalization from below

Scepticism

Globaphilis

Globaphiliacs

Açıklama:

Whereas Globalization from above refers
to the fact that the process is created and
controlled by centralized and powerful
groups and imposed on less powerful groups,
Globalization from above is a process mainly
imposed on individual actors in both
the North and the South, and benefiting
mostly a small number of powerful states,
multinational corporations and wealthy
individuals.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 32

Which one of the following contends that instead of
talking about one process of globalization, there are
many globalizations and factors such as the active
exclusion of an important part of the globalization
process, existing national and regional barriers
significantly reduce and if not prevent global flows?

Sceptics

Globalists

Globaphilis

Globaphiliacs

Marksists

Açıklama:

Views about globalization are generally divided
between the globalists and Sceptics. Unlike
globalists who generally contend that globalization
is a real phenomenon although it might not be allencompassing, the sceptics contend that instead of
talking about one process of globalization, there are
many globalizations and factors such as the active
exclusion of an important part of the globalization
process, existing national and regional barriers
significantly reduce and if not prevent global flows
(Therborn, 2000).

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 33

I. Pessimistic view of the outcome of globalization II. Intergovernmentalism as the dominant mode of governance III. Multilateralism as the dominant mode of governance Which one(s) of these perspectives belong(s) to Sceptics?

Only I

Only II

Only III

I-II

II-III

Açıklama:

Globalists Vs Sceptics.
Globalists
• Globalization is real and unique
• Globalization is an evolving process reducing continuously the pace of nation-state
• Optimistic view of the outcome of globalization
• increasingly important role played by transnational and multilateral corporations and theemergence
of a new global division of labour
• Multilateralism as the dominant mode of governance
• multi-layered global governance
Sceptics
• Many globalization and persistence of national and regional barriers
• revival of the role of nation-state in world politics
• Pessimistic view of the outcome of globalization
• multilateral corporations remain attached to their national countries
• Intergovernmentalism as the dominant mode of governance
• International order of nation-states and international governance

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 34

I. Multi-layered global governance
II. Revival of the role of nation-state in world politics
III. Pessimistic view of the outcome of globalization
Which one(s) of these perspectives belong(s) to Globalists?

Only I

Only II

Only III

I-II

II-III

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 35

Which one of the following statements belongs to Middle Ground approach?

Emphasizes the positive side of globalization, and deemphasizes its negative sides

Positive aspects of globalization include economic growth and spread of democracy and civil liberties

Emphasizes the negative impact of globalization on the less wealthy people of the world

Globalization leads to greater inequality

All positive and negative issues in this world do not entirely find their root cause into the globalization process

Açıklama:

Globaphilia Vs Globophobia.
Globaphilia
• Emphasizes the positive side of globalization, and deemphasizes its negative sides.
• Positive aspects of globalization include economic growth and spread of democracy and civil liberties.
Globophobia
• emphasizes the negative impact of globalization on the less wealthy people of the world.
• Globalization leads to greater inequality
Middle Ground approach
• All positive and negative issues in this world do not entirely find their root cause into the globalization
process.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 36

I. Emphasizes the positive side of globalization, and deemphasizes its negative sides.
II. Positive aspects of globalization include economic growth and spread of democracy and civil liberties
III. Emphasizes the negative impact of globalization on the less wealthy people of the world.
Which one(s) of these statements belong(s) to Globaphilia?

Only I

Only II

Only III

I-II

II-III

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 37

I. Emphasizes the negative impact of globalization on the less wealthy people of the world
II. Globalization leads to greater inequality
III. All positive and negative issues in this world do not entirely find their root cause into the globalization process.
Which one(s) of these statements belong(s) to Globophobia?

Only I

Only II

Only III

I-II

II-III

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 38

I. The first phase which started in 1860 and ended in 1914 under Britain’s
economic leadership
II. The second phase started in the post-second world war under the leadership of the USA as the world’s super-economic power
III. The third phase of globalization which started from the 2008 financial crisis to present is marked by increasing economic competition between the US and China
Which one of these statments regarding the phases of globalization is true?

Only I

Only II

Only III

I-II

II-III

Açıklama:

Regarding the periods of globalization, it is generally argued that the globalization process went
through four main phases. The first phase which started in 1860 and ended in 1914 under Britain’s
economic leadership, related to the strong internationalization of Europe and north America with the
acceleration of the flow of goods, humans and capital between countries as well as more pronounced
financial integration. The second phase started in the post-second world war under the leadership of the USA as the
world’s super-economic power. The third phase is in-between the post-cold war era and the beginning of the 2008 financial and
economic crisis. The fourth phase of globalization which started from the 2008 financial crisis to present is marked by
increasing economic competition between the US and China, and the strengthening of the digital economy.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 39

Which one of the following theories maintain that globalization does not constitute a threat to the sovereignty of nationstates or their use of military power?

Realism

Liberalism

Marxism

Constructivism

Poststructuralism

Açıklama:

Realism does not put globalization at the center
of its analysis. Their state-centric approach prevents
realists from attributing to globalization a greater
importance in the assessment of the international
political system. For realists, globalization does not
constitute a threat to the sovereignty of nationstates or their use of military power.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 40

Which one of the following theories sees globalization as a concept or process which has been used in the benefit of international capitalism?

Realism

Marxism

Constructivism

Liberalism

Poststructuralism

Açıklama:

The Marxist theory of IR considers globalization
the end result of capitalism and contributes to the
increasing of divides between the economic classes
in societies. Marxists see globalization as a concept
or process which has been used in the benefit of
international capitalism.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 41

What is losing their power because of globalization?

Nation-states

Banks

Companies

People

Commercial firms

Açıklama:

Regarding the effects of globalization on economy and markets, global theorists believe that “the national state is no longer a sustainable or viable vehicle for the world market economy”and underline that the increasingly key role played by international financial institutions such as the IMF, World Bank and WTO are an inevitable consequence of underlying economic developments brought about by globalization. In this context, nation-states are either losing their power in the international economic and financial markets or working gradually as vehicle for multinationals.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 42

Which of the below is a view that sceptics against globalization pinpoint?

Globalization is real and unique

multilateral corporations remain attached to their national countries

Globalization is an evolving process reducing continuously the pace of nation-state

Optimistic view of the outcome of globalization

increasingly important role played by transnational and multilateral corporations and the emergence of a new global division of labour

Açıklama:

Globalists Vs Sceptics.
Globalists
• Globalization is real and unique
• Globalization is an evolving process reducing continuously the pace of nation-state
• Optimistic view of the outcome of globalization
• increasingly important role played by transnational and multilateral corporations and the emergence of a new global division of labour
• Multilateralism as the dominant mode of governance
• multi-layered global governance
Sceptics
• Many globalization and persistence of national and regional barriers
• revival of the role of nation-state in world politics
• Pessimistic view of the outcome of globalization
• multilateral corporations remain attached to their national countries
• Intergovernmentalism as the dominant mode of governance
• International order of nation-states and international governance

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 43

Which of the below is a middle-ground approach in the argument between Gobaphilia vs Globaphobia?

Emphasizes the positive side of globalization, and deemphasizes its negative sides.

Positive aspects of globalization include economic growth and the spread of democracy and civil liberties.

All positive and negative issues in this world do not entirely find their root cause into the globalization process.

Emphasizes the negative impact of globalization on the less wealthy people of the world.

Globalization leads to greater inequality

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 44

When was the first phase of globalization?

Before WWI

post-WWII-1990

1990-2008

1860-1914

2008-present

Açıklama:

Phases of Globalization
1st Phase (1860-1914): British economic leadership: strong internationalization of Europe and north America which the acceleration of the flow of goods, humans and capital between countries as well as more pronounced financial integration.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 45

Which theory considers globalization the end result of capitalism and contributes to the increasing of divides between the economic classes in societies?

Realism

Liberalism

Constructivism

Poststructuralism

Marxism

Açıklama:

Marxism and Globalization
The Marxist theory of IR considers globalization the end result of capitalism and contributes to the increasing of divides between the economic classes in societies. Marxists see globalization as a concept or process which has been used in the benefit of international capitalism.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 46

What does TTIP stand for?

Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership

Trump's Trade and Investment Partnership

Trans-Pacific Partnership

Trans-Pacific International Partnership

Transatlantic Trade and Partnership

Açıklama:

“This disturbing trajectory reflects the resurgent protectionism manifest in popular opposition to the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) and the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP), and now in Trump’s electoral victory. It means that the benefits of openness and specialization are being squandered”

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 47

Who pinpointed in his book that protests are happening in developed countries along with underdeveloped countries?

Immanuel Wallerstein

Richard Baldwin

Joseph Stiglitz

Massey David Harvey

Dani Rodrik

Açıklama:

Stiglitz (2002) wrote in his famous book Globalization and its Discontents that there have always been protests against globalization in developing countries. For Stiglitz, what is new is that these protests are now happening in developed countries, too.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 48

Who wrote "The Modern World System" in 1974?

Joseph Stiglitz

Immanuel Wallerstein

Richard baldwin

Karl Marx

G. W. F. Hegel

Açıklama:

Immanuel Wallerstein
Immanuel Maurice Wallerstein, born on September 28, 1930 is an American sociologist and world-systems analyst, best known for his famous book “The Modern World System” published in 1974. His main arguments in this book is that contrary to empires, the modern world system extensively relies on endless accumulation of capital through economic control of the world order and exploitation of the peripheral countries by the wealthiest core countries and semi-peripheral countries ensuring the continuity and stability of the system. He is currently a Senior Research Scholar at Yale University.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 49

Which of the below is NOT one of the nationalist-populist leaders?

Marie Le Pen-France

Nigel farage-Britain

Viktor Oban-Hungary

Justin Trudeau-Canada

Norbert Hofer-Austria

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 50

How many EU member countries signed the Schengen Agreement initially?

Açıklama:

Schengen Agreement: The Schengen Agreement is a treaty signed on 14 June 1985 and which results in the formation of a schengen area where internal border controls are mostly suppressed and people move freely within this schengen area. Initially signed by five of the ten member states of the European Economic Community, it has been enlarged to currently 26 EU member states. The Dublin convention was signed in June 1990 to regulate the conditions of concrete implementation of the Schengen agreement such as abolishing border controls in the schengen area, unifying the procedure for visa delivery, putting into place a Schengen Information System and establishing a cooperation structure between internal and immigration officers.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 51

Which of the following events took place in the first phase of globalisation?

Britain was the economic leader

USA was the economic leader

IMF was established

The Berlin Wall had collapsed

China was the economic leader

Açıklama:

Phases of Globalization
• 1st Phase (1860-1914): British economic leadership: strong internationalization of Europe and north America which the acceleration of the flow of goods, humans and capital between countries as well as more pronounced financial integration

Doğru Cevap: A

Ünite 5

Soru 1

Which of the following is a continuous increase in the general price level of goods and services?

İnflation

deflation

recession

devaluation

convertibility

Açıklama:

Inflation can be defined as follows: A continuous increase in the general price level of goods and services.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 2

the decrease in the living standards due to the increase in unemployment rate
the decline in the consumer demands and the investments of the firms
the decrease of the value of the stock prices

Which of the above may cause an economic crisis in a country?

Only I

I,II,III

I,III

Only II

II,III

Açıklama:

The decline in the consumer demand and the investments of the firms, the decrease in the living standards due to the increase in the unemployment rate, the continuation of the uncertainty in the financial markets for a long time, and the decrease of the value of the stock prices and the national currency in parallel with all these, inevitably may cause an economic crisis in the countries.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 3

Which of the following is not one of the main elements of financial crisis?

excessive exchange rate

unchecked banking

speculative international capital movements

wrong economic policies

decrease in public deficits

Açıklama:

The main elements and characteristics of financial crisis can be listed as follows:

Uncertainty in the financial system changes expectations to a great extent,
Financial institutions worry about cash problems,
Decreases in profit will create a base for bankruptcies,
Increase in interest rates and contraction of economic activities,
Sudden and unexpected emergence,
To cause the crisis to grow or to cause a new crisis by spreading to another country,
To create new opportunities besides danger and threats,
The duration depends on the measures to be taken,
Reduction of the portion of capital evaluated in real production,
Speculative international capital movements
Wrong economic policies and structural deteriorations,
Increase in public deficits, current account deficit and savings deficit,
Excessive exchange rate,
The banking system may be problematic, unchecked, and bank panics occur

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 4

capital account
debt profile
current account
financial liberalization

Which of the above is/are among the basic indicators of a financial crisis?

I,III

Only I

I,II,III

I,II,III,IV

II,IV

Açıklama:

With Kaminsky, Reinhart, and Lizondo, many academic studies has conducted to identify crisis indicators.Some of them are as follows:
* Capital Account: International reserves, capital flows, short-term capital flows, foreign direct investments, differences between domestic and foreign interest rates,
• Debt Profile: Total external debt, external debt of the public sector, short-term debt, distribution of debt according to interest and credit, foreign aid,
• Current Account: Real exchange rate, current account balance, foreign trade balance, export and import, export price indices, savings and investments,
• International Variables: Real growth rate, interest rates and price level,
• Financial Liberalization: Loan growth, change in money multiplier, real interest rates, spread between bank borrowing and deposit rates.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 5

Which of the below is an example of macroeconomic reasons of banking crisis?

management errors

insufficient supervision and regulations

sudden changes in supply and demand

lack of transparency

state intervention to the banks

Açıklama:

The reasons leading to the banking crisis can be divided into two groups as macroeconomic and microeconomic reasons. We can list the macroeconomic factors that play an active role in banking crises as changes in interest rates, sudden changes in supply and demand, inflation, growth, fluctuations in exchange rates, change in capital movements and financial liberalization. In addition, we can list the issues such as insufficient supervision and regulation, management errors, lack of transparency, insufficient capital, state intervention to banks, high guarantees given to deposits, loans provided to the participants and excessive risk taking through derivative products as micro-economic reasons (Balı & Büyükşalvarcı, 2011: 20).

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 6

Which of the below consider crises as infectious diseases that spread?

Third Generation Models

Fifth Generation Models

First Generation Models

Second Generation Models

Fourth Generation Models

Açıklama:

The inadequacy of these two models in explaining the Southeast Asian Crisis in 1997 led researchers to develop new models. The fact that after it emerged in Thailand, spread to other Asian countries, Korea, Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines, which had similar characteristics, led to a new model called the third generation (contagion) crisis models. These models are Third Generation Models (Contagion Crisis Models) that see crises spread as an infectious disease (Ural, 2003: 14).

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 7

decrease in asset price level
decrease in revenues
loss of confidence
reduction of production

According to Fisher, which of the above is/are among the factors leading to the Great Depression?

Only IV

I,II,III,IV

II,III

I,IV

Only I

Açıklama:

The economist Fisher, who states that the most important factors leading to this crisis were excessive borrowing and deflation, identified nine factors (Balı & Büyükşalvarcı, 2011: 109-111):

Sales made to liquidate debts and to make ends meet,
Reduction of money supply due to non- payment of bank debts,
Decrease in asset price levels,
Start of bankruptcies due to the decrease in the value of the workplace,
Decrease in revenues,
Reduction of production, trade and employment,
Loss of confidence,
Saving money and not making new expenditures,
Start of deflationary process with decreasing nominal interest rates

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 8

Which of the below includes the borrowers' declaring that they cannot pay all or part of their debts due to the loss of ability to pay?

Recession

Inflation

Moratorium

Devaluation

Convertibility

Açıklama:

Moratorium: The Borrower declares that they cannot pay all or part of their debts due to the loss of their ability to pay.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 9

Which of the following is not one of the most important financial crisis in our world?

1994-95 Peso Crisis

2001 Argentina Crisis

1998 Russian Crisis

2017 South East Asian Crisis

2008 Global Financial Crisis

Açıklama:

We can list the most important financial crises in and after this period in Turkey and in the world as follows (Al, 2016: 21):

1992-1993 European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) Crisis,
1994-1995 Mexican (Peso) Crisis,
1994 Currency and Banking Crisis in Turkey,
1997 South East Asian Crisis,
1998 Russian Crisis,
2001 Argentina Crisis,
November 2000 and February 2001 Currency and Banking Crises in Turkey,
2008 Global Financial Crisis,
2010 Greek Government Debt Crisis - Euro Crisis,
(X) Crisis

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 10

Which of the below is considered to be the first global crisis to take the world under influence?

1994 Currency and Banking Crisis in Turkey

1998 Russian Crisis

1992-93 ERM Crisis

2001 Argentina Crisis

2008 Mortgage Crisis

Açıklama:

The transfer of public resources to the banking sector caused a reaction when the citizens of the country lost their homes because they could not pay their loans. There were protests in 41 US states (Atasever, 2016: 66-68). In the following process, Barack Obama, who was elected President of the United States, took over a very challenging financial situation. For the purpose of structural reform, the National Bank Supervisory Board was formed, audits tightened, and banks’ credit and deposit services were restructured. Finance companies have been obliged to increase their equity and thus they are able to compensate the damage in difficult situations (Bocutoğlu & Ekinci, 2009: 66).The reflection of the crisis on macroeconomic indicators was inevitable. The fall in house prices and the volatility in interest rates have emerged normally. However, growth rates decreased, industrial production decreased, trade slowed down, unemployment increased due to the effect of the bankrupt banks. As it can be understood from the figures only, the 2008 Mortgage Crisis is considered to be the first Global Crisis to take the whole world under influence (Kutlu & Demirci, 2011: 125-127).

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 11

Which one of the following terms refers to a continuous increase in the general price level of goods and services?

Crisis

Inflation

Deflation

Recession

Depression

Açıklama:

Inflation: A continuous increase in the
general price level of goods and services

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 12

I. Real sector crises
II. Financial Crises
III. Political Crises
Which one(s) of them is/are among the the economic crisis types?

Only I

Only II

Only III

I-II

II-III

Açıklama:

In the
literature, the economic crisis types are divided
into two groups as real sector crises and financial
crises (Balı & Büyükşalvarcı, 2011: 2).

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 13

Which one of the following is not among the the main elements and characteristics of financial crisis?

Uncertainty in the financial system changes
expectations to a great extent

Financial institutions worry about cash
problems

Decreases in profit will create a base for
bankruptcies

Decrease in interest rates and contraction of
economic activities

Sudden and unexpected emergence

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 14

Which one of the following crisis indicators stands for real growth rate, interest rates and price level?

Capital Account

Debt Profile

Current Account

International Variables

Financial Liberalization

Açıklama:

International Variables: Real growth rate,
interest rates and price level,

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 15

What does the term "political variables", as a crisis indicator, refer to?

Real GDP growth rate,
production, wages, changes in stock prices,
employment/unemployment, production
deficit

Budget deficit, government
expenditures and public sector loans

The amount
of credit transferred by the Central Bank
to the banking system, the gap between
money demand and supply, bond yields,
domestic inflation rate, shadow exchange
rate, M2/international reserves

Openness,
foreign exchange controls, period of time in
which fixed exchange rate system is applied,
financial liberalization, banking crises, past
crisis crises

Government changes,
political instability, developments that
lead to loss of confidence, and unnecessary
election decisions

Açıklama:

Political Variables: Government changes,
political instability, developments that
lead to loss of confidence, and unnecessary
election decisions

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 16

Which one of the following term means that a country is faced with the inability to pay its current foreign debts for public and/or private sector?

banking crises

external debt crisis

monetary crisis

devaluation

systemic financial crisis

Açıklama:

Lastly,
external debt crisis mean that a country is faced
with the inability to pay its current foreign debts
for public and/or private sectors. In particular,
the governments’ difficulties in repayment of
foreign debt and in finding new foreign loans are
dragging the states into crisis

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 17

I. First Generation Models
II. Second Generation Models
III. Third Generation Models
Which one(s) of them was/were developed to explain the speculative attacks that emerged in Europe and targeted the currencies of various countries in the early 1990s?

Only I

Only II

Only III

I-II

I-III

Açıklama:

Second Generation Models were
developed to explain the speculative attacks that
emerged in Europe and targeted the currencies of
various countries in the early 1990s (Ural, 2003:
14).

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 18

Which one of the following is not among the factors that led to the Great Depression according to the ecenomist Fisher?

Sales made to liquidate debts and to make
ends meet

Reduction of money supply due to nonpayment of bank debts

Increase in asset price levels

Start of bankruptcies due to the decrease in
the value of the workplace

Decrease in revenues

Açıklama:

The economist Fisher, who states that the
most important factors leading to this crisis were
excessive borrowing and deflation, identified nine
factors (Balı & Büyükşalvarcı, 2011: 109-111):
• Sales made to liquidate debts and to make
ends meet,
• Reduction of money supply due to nonpayment of bank debts,
• Decrease in asset price levels,
• Start of bankruptcies due to the decrease in
the value of the workplace,
• Decrease in revenues,
• Reduction of production, trade and
employment,
• Loss of confidence,
• Saving money and not making new
expenditures,
• Start of deflationary process with decreasing
nominal interest rates

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 19

Which one of the following crisis-year matching is wrong?

1994 Currency and Banking Crisis in Turkey

1997 South East Asian Crisis

1998 Russian Crisis

2001 Argentina Crisis

2006 Global Financial Crisis

Açıklama:

We can
list the most important financial crises in and after
this period in Turkey and in the world as follows
(Al, 2016: 21):
• 1992-1993 European Exchange Rate
Mechanism (ERM) Crisis,
• 1994-1995 Mexican (Peso) Crisis,
• 1994 Currency and Banking Crisis inTurkey,
• 1997 South East Asian Crisis,
• 1998 Russian Crisis,
• 2001 Argentina Crisis,
• November 2000 and February 2001
Currency and Banking Crises in Turkey,
• 2008 Global Financial Crisis,
• 2010 Greek Government Debt Crisis -
Euro Crisis,

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 20

Whşch one of the following refers to the system where the Central Bank interferes with the foreign exchange, prevents the decreases and fluctuations, and tries to keep the exchange rates in a stable balance?

Fixed Exchange System

Inflation

Hyperinflation

Moratorium

Convertibility

Açıklama:

Fixed Exchange System: It is the system
where the Central Bank interferes with the
foreign exchange, prevents the decreases and
fluctuations, and tries to keep the exchange
rates in a stable balance.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 21

Which of the following refers to 'the decline in real GDP due to a decline in economic activities of a state in at least two quarters, a stage of pause and contraction in economic activities'?

Deflation

Inflation

Unemployment

Recession

Devaluation

Açıklama:

The correct choice is D.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 22

Which of the following is 'a continuous increase in the general price level of goods and services'?

Deflation

Devaluation

Financial crisis

Inflation

Recession

Açıklama:

The correct choice is D.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 23

Which of the following refers to 'the continuous decrease in average prices'?

Deflation

Devaluation

Financial crisis

Inflation

Recession

Açıklama:

The correct choice is A.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 24

Which of the following is the situation in which a country is faced with the inability to pay its current foreign debts for public and/or private sectors?

Banking crisis

External debt crisis

Recession crisis

Systematic financial crisis

Twin crisis

Açıklama:

The correct choice is B.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 25

Which of the following refers to 'the reduction of the value of a country's currency against foreign currencies'?

Deflation

Devaluation

Inflation

Recession

Speculative movement

Açıklama:

The correct choice is B.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 26

Which of the following refers to the situation in which investors who expect devaluation take large amounts of debt over the national currency, convert it to other currencies, and return to the national currency when devaluation occurs?

Fixed exchange system

Hyperinflation

Moratorium

Speculative movement

Strict monetary policy

Açıklama:

The correct choice is D.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 27

Which of the following refers to 'the policies of the central bank in a country to narrow the volume of money in the economy'?

Fixed exchange system

Speculative movement

Moratorium

Strict monetary policy

Convertibility

Açıklama:

The correct choice is D.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 28

Which of the following refers to the situation in which the borrower declares that they cannot pay all or part of their debts due to the loss of their ability to pay?

Convertibility

Moratorium

Strict monetary policy

Speculative movement

Hyperinflation

Açıklama:

The correct choice is B.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 29

Which of the following is NOT one of the countries which were initially affected by the 1994-1995 Mexican Crisis?

Brazil

Argentina

Paraguay

Canada

Uruguay

Açıklama:

The correct choice is D.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 30

Where did the 1997 South East Asian Crisis start?

Hong Kong

Singapore

South Korea

Taiwan

Thailand

Açıklama:

The correct choice is E.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 31

Which of the following refers to the decline in real GDP due to a decline in economic activities of a state in at least two quarters, a stage of pause and contraction in economic activities?

Inflation

Disinflation

Deflation

Devaluation

Recession

Açıklama:

Recession: The decline in real GDP due to a decline in economic activities of a state in at least two quarters, a stage of pause and contraction in economic activities. The correct answer is E.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 32

Which of the following refers to a continuous increase in the general price level of goods and services?

Devaluation

Recession

Deflation

Inflation

Disinflation

Açıklama:

Inflation: A continuous increase in the general price level of goods and services. The correct answer is D.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 33

Which of the following means that a country is faced with the inability to pay its current foreign debts for public and/or private sectors?

Recession crisis

Systemic financial crisis

Banking crisis

Monetary crisis

External debt crisis

Açıklama:

Lastly, external debt crisis mean that a country is faced with the inability to pay its current foreign debts for public and/or private sectors. The correct answer is E.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 34

Which of the following indicates to the disappearance of the confidence in the currency of a country, speculative funds to leave the country as a result, in spite of all the efforts of the Central Bank?

Recession crisis

Monetary crisis

Banking crisis

External debt crisis

Inflation crisis

Açıklama:

The monetary crisis, also known as the foreign exchange crisis, is defined as the disappearance of the confidence in the currency of a country, speculative funds to leave the country as a result, in spite of all the efforts of the Central Bank, the failure to maintain the current exchange rate, the devaluation of the national currency, or leaving the national currency to fluctuate altogether (Turgut, 2006: 37). The correct answer is B.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 35

Which of the following can be defined as the loss of confidence in one or more banks, people applying to withdraw their deposits in banks suddenly and widely, and that banks cannot meet this demand?

External debt crisis

Monetary crisis

Banking crisis

Inflation crisis

Recession crisis

Açıklama:

In the simplest definition, banking crises can be defined as the loss of confidence in one or more banks, people applying to withdraw their deposits in banks suddenly and widely, and that banks cannot meet this demand. The correct answer is C.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 36

The economic crisis known also as the “Tequila Crisis” , started in which country?

Mexico

Brazil

Paraguay

Argentina

Uruguay

Açıklama:

The Mexican crisis is another of the exchange rate crises. The reason for this crisis is referred in the literature as the “Tequila Crisis” is that it had influenced the part of South America which consists of Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, and Uruguay. The crisis, which had an expansionist effect in the Latin America region, had become more and more felt all over the world and had become deeper and deeper. This crisis, which was mainly due to the spread of Neoliberalism, wrong monetary policies, speculation and domestic political events in Mexico, was effective in the global system until 2001 (Balı & Büyükşalvarcı, 2011: 157). The correct answer is A.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 37

In which country did The Global Financial Crisis, also known as the Mortgage Crisis, start?

The United States

France

Germany

The United Kingdom

Spain

Açıklama:

The Global Financial Crisis, also known as the Mortgage Crisis, which began in September 2008 in the United States, is not the first crisis of the capitalist system, but in many respects it can be considered as the deepest crisis. The correct answer is A.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 38

Which of the following crisis is considered to be the first Global Crisis to take the whole world under influence?

1998 Russian Crisis

1997 South East Asian Crisis

2008 Mortgage Crisis

1994-1995 Mexican (Peso) Crisis

2010 Greek Government Debt Crisis

Açıklama:

As it can be understood from the figures only, the 2008 Mortgage Crisis is considered to be the first Global Crisis to take the whole world under influence (Kutlu & Demirci, 2011: 125-127). The correct answer is C.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 39

Where did the 1997 South East Asian Crisis start?

Taiwan

Thailand

Singapore

Hong Kong

South Korea

Açıklama:

1997 South East Asian Crisis This crisis, which began in Thailand in 1997, expanded its sphere of influence by expanding into Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong and South Korea, which are called the Asian Tigers. The correct answer is B.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 40

Which of the following refers to the situation when the borrower declares that they cannot pay all or part of their debts due to the loss of their ability to pay?

Deflation

Devaluation

Recession

Moratorium

Hyperinflation

Açıklama:

Moratorium: The Borrower declares that they cannot pay all or part of their debts due to the loss of their ability to pay. The correct answer is D.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 41

I. Recession
II. Inflation
III. Deflation
Which of the above concepts may accompany an economic crisis ?

Only I

I,II

I,III

I,II,III

Only II

Açıklama:

In general, situations of recession, inflation and deflation are considered as the economic crisis.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 42

What does one call a continuous increase in the general price level of goods and services ?

Recession

Inflation

Deflation

Depreciation

Breakdown

Açıklama:

Inflation: A continuous increase in the general price level of goods and services

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 43

What does one call a contraction in production or employment in the field of goods and services ?

Recession

Inflation

Real sector crisis

Financial crisis

Deflation

Açıklama:

Real Sector Crises: Contraction in production or employment in the field of goods and services.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 44

Which of the below statements is not true as to a financial crisis ?

Uncertainty in the financial system changes expectations to a great extent

Financial institutions worry about cash problems

Decreases in profit will create a base for bankruptcies

Increase in interest rates and contraction of economic activities

Rise of the portion of capital evaluated in real production

Açıklama:

During a financial crisis, we have a reduction of the portion of capital evaluated in real production, not a rise.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 45

What is "current account" ?

International reserves, capital flows, short-term capital flows, foreign direct investments, differences between domestic and foreign interest rates

Total external debt, external debt of the public sector, short-term debt, distribution of debt according to interest and credit, foreign aid

Real exchange rate, current account balance, foreign trade balance, export and import, export price indices, savings and investments

Real growth rate, interest rates and price level

Loan growth, change in money multiplier, real interest rates, spread between bank borrowing and deposit rates

Açıklama:

Current Account: Real exchange rate, current
account balance, foreign trade balance,
export and import, export price indices,
savings and investments,

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 46

Which of the below is not an institutional-structural factor ?

Government change

Openness

Foreign exchange controls

Financial liberalization

Past crises

Açıklama:

Government change is not an institutional-structural factor.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 47

Which one of the below crises is a real sector crisis ?

External Crisis

Banking Crisis

Unemployment crisis

Monetary crisis

Exchange rate crisis

Açıklama:

Unemployment crisis is a real sector one.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 48

I. Sales made to liquidate debts and to make ends meet,
II. Reduction of money supply due to nonpayment of bank debts,
III. Decrease in asset price levels,
IV. Start of bankruptcies due to the decrease in the value of the workplace,
Which of the above situations can be said to be active on the way to a crisis ?

None

All

I,II,III

II,IV

II,III,IV

Açıklama:

All of them are true.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 49

Which countries were the actors of the cold war ?

USA - Russia

Germany - USA

Finland - Sweden

England - France

USA - China

Açıklama:

USA and Russia were at the opposite ends of the cold war.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 50

To what year can one date the global economic crisis ?

1984

1994

2001

2008

2018

Açıklama:

2008 was the year of the Global Financial Crisis.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 51

Recession
Inflation
Deflation

Which of the above is considered as an economic crisis?

Only I

I, III and III

I and II

II and III

I and III

Açıklama:

In general, situations of recession, inflation and deflation are considered as the economic crisis.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 52

Which refers to the decline in real GDP due to a decline in economic activities of a state in at least two quarters, a stage of pause and contraction in economic activities?

Recession

Inflation

Deflation

Unemployment

Devaluation

Açıklama:

Recession: The decline in real GDP due to a decline in economic activities of a state in at least two quarters, a stage of pause and contraction in economic activities.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 53

Which refers to a continuous increase in the general price level of goods and services?

Unemployment

Devaluation

Deflation

Recession

Inflation

Açıklama:

Inflation: A continuous increase in the general price level of goods and services.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 54

Which refers to the continuous decrease in average prices?

Deflation

Inflation

Recession

Devaluation

Unemployment

Açıklama:

Deflation; also referred to as negative inflation, is the continuous decrease in average prices.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 55

Uncertainty in the financial system changes expectations to a great extent
Financial institutions worry about cash problems
Sudden and unexpected emergence
Increase in interest rates and contraction of economic activities

Which is among the elements and characteristics of financial crisis?

I, II and III

I, II and IV

I, III and IV

II, III and IV

I, II, III and IV

Açıklama:

The main elements and characteristics of financial crisis can be listed as follows: • Uncertainty in the financial system changes expectations to a great extent, • Financial institutions worry about cash problems, • Decreases in profit will create a base for bankruptcies, • Increase in interest rates and contraction of economic activities, • Sudden and unexpected emergence, • To cause the crisis to grow or to cause a new crisis by spreading to another country, • To create new opportunities besides danger and threats, • The duration depends on the measures to be taken, • Reduction of the portion of capital evaluated in real production,• Speculative international capital movements, • Wrong economic policies and structural deteriorations, • Increase in public deficits, current account deficit and savings deficit, • Excessive exchange rate, • The banking system may be problematic, unchecked, and bank panics occur

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 56

Capital account
Debt profile
International variables
Financial liberalization

Which are among the basic indicators of a crisis?

I, II and III

I, II and IV

I, III and IV

II, III and IV

I, II, III and IV

Açıklama:

The basic indicators they use in these studies have been elaborated in ten subheadings (Kaminsky, Reinhart & Lizondo, 1997: 10-11): • Capital Account: International reserves, capital flows, short-term capital flows, foreign direct investments, differences between domestic and foreign interest rates, • Debt Profile: Total external debt, external debt of the public sector, short-term debt, distribution of debt according to interest and credit, foreign aid, • Current Account: Real exchange rate, current account balance, foreign trade balance, export and import, export price indices, savings and investments, • International Variables: Real growth rate, interest rates and price level, • Financial Liberalization: Loan growth, change in money multiplier, real interest rates, spread between bank borrowing and deposit rates,• Real Sector: Real GDP growth rate, production, wages, changes in stock prices, employment/unemployment, production deficit, • Budget Variables: Budget deficit, government expenditures and public sector loans, • Other Financial Variables: The amount of credit transferred by the Central Bank to the banking system, the gap between money demand and supply, bond yields, domestic inflation rate, shadow exchange rate, M2/international reserves, • Institutional-Structural Factors: Openness, foreign exchange controls, period of time in which fixed exchange rate system is applied, financial liberalization, banking crises, past crisis crises, • Political Variables: Government changes, political instability, developments that lead to loss of confidence, and unnecessary election decisions

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 57

Which concept means that the borrower declares that they cannot pay all or part of their debts due to the loss of their ability to pay?

Moratorium

Inflation

Deflation

Devaluation

Convertibility

Açıklama:

Moratorium: The Borrower declares that they cannot pay all or part of their debts due to the loss of their ability to pay.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 58

Which concept means that a country’s money can be converted to gold or to other country’s money under a measure called exchange rate or parity?

Inflation

Convertibility

Devaluation

Inflation

Hyperinflation

Açıklama:

Convertibility: It means that a country’s money can be converted to gold or to other country’s money under a measure called exchange rate or parity.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 59

Which concept means that the economic, political, and cultural elements of states extend beyond the national boundaries, spread around the world, and facilitate and increase the political and economic interactions between states in the international system?

Devaluation

Inflation

Globalization

Recession

Hyperinflation

Açıklama:

In the international system, globalization means that the economic, political, and cultural elements of states extend beyond the national boundaries, spread around the world, and facilitate and increase the political and economic interactions between states.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 60

In which one does the Central Bank interfere with the foreign exchange, prevents the decreases and fluctuations, and tries to keep the exchange rates in a stable balance?

Fixed Exchange System

Strict Monetary Policy

Contagion Crisis Models

Second Generation Models

First Generation Models

Açıklama:

Fixed Exchange System: It is the system where the Central Bank interferes with the foreign exchange, prevents the decreases and fluctuations, and tries to keep the exchange rates in a stable balance.

Doğru Cevap: A

Ünite 6

Soru 1

Which of the following is a theory and method for working class emancipation through socializing the means of production?

Marxism

Capitalism

Feudalism

Serfdom

Monarchy

Açıklama:

Marxism: is a theory and method for working class emancipation through socializing the means of production. Aims to end private property’s power over social relationships.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 2

Capitalism and its market economy
Productive agriculture
Industrial revolution and overseas investments

Which of the above is/are among the reasons why Western Europe differs from Eastern one and Russia?

Only I

I,II,III

I,III

Only II

II,III

Açıklama:

While Western Europe began to enter into capitalism and its market economy around 16th century onwards, the social relationships in Eastern part were not very conducive for broad market transactions. First agriculture was not very productive in the East and in order to compete with Western merchants and states, feudal rulers in Eastern Europe mostly chose to increase the burden of work and taxes over their serves. At that turning point in history, as market economy encouraged the development of civil initiatives and independent capital accumulation against feudal rulers in the West, general population in the East vastly suffered from growing pressure and restrictions on social and economic areas by their feudal landlords. Especially after the industrial revolution and overseas investments by Western capitalism, one can argue that there emerged a significant gap between two sides of the continent.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 3

Which of the following generally refers to the section of society and their politics and economy that are independent from government?

The Tsars

Marxists

Civil society

Serfdom

Comecon

Açıklama:

Civil Society: It generally refers to the sections of society and their political, economic activities, which are independent from government.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 4

Peasants demanded more equal land distribution
Workers wanted better payments and fair conditions
Soldiers protested conditions in the war

Which of the above is/are among the reasons for Soviets' emerging as an alternative form of power during the October Revolution?

I,III

Only II

Only I

I,II,III

II,III

Açıklama:

The most important reasons for Soviets’ emerging as an alternative forms of power were first, soldiers predominantly protested the conditions in the war front. Second, peasants demanded more equal land distribution and third workers wanted more just working conditions and better pay.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 5

Which of the following was/were stemmed from the idea that workers could not develop a political consciousness by themselves?

Socialists

Bolsheviks

The Soviets

Civil society

Vanguard party

Açıklama:

One of the followers of the Marx’s ideas in Russia, VI. Lenin, came up with a more radical idea that Russian society, workers and peasants, can only be saved by overthrowing the centuries old Russian tsarism and capitalist property relations through a working class led revolution. He called this working class party model “vanguard party”, a party that can lead workers in political struggle. According to Lenin, workers were not able to develop a political consciousness by themselves so they had to have a vanguard party.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 6

Which of the following is the main disadvantage of Socialist economies compared to Western ones?

Bureaucratic inefficiency

High inflation

Increase unemployment

Income inequalities

Abolished private ownership

Açıklama:

Socialist economies tried to prevent economic instabilities like high inflation, unemployment and income inequalities through abolishing private owners- hip over the means of production. Then they created a command economy, in which major and minor decisions about the economic life were taken by the planning commissions of state. Though socialist planning increased the wel- fare of people in the first 50 years until 1980’s, it faced rising obstacles at the end of 1970’s as socialist economies left behind in technological innovation and producing more consumer goods. Western officials argued that, lack of incentives for innovation for individuals in socialist systems mostly resulted with bureaucratic inefficiency. Also lack of participation by the people into political and economic decision making through those seven decades further weaken the efficient operation of socialist planning.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 7

collectivization of agriculture
power of secret police
restrictions on art and culture
productivity of Soviet factory management system

Which of the above is/are among the topics raised to the Soviets in 1950s?

II,IV

Only I

I,II,III,IV

I,II

I,III,IV

Açıklama:

The protest movements mainly questioned the feasibility of Soviet model in their domestic societies. Issues like collectivization of agriculture, power of secret police, productivity of Soviet factory management system, restrictions on art and culture, all were controversial topics that protesters raised in 1950’s. Same problems when they cause Prague Spring events in 1968 faced with the same fate of Soviet military intervention in Czechoslovakia (Williams,1997).

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 8

Who declared the program of Glosnost and Perestroika in 1980's USSR?

Walesa

Gorbachev

Khrushchev

Dubcek

Stalin

Açıklama:

In 1985, amidst all the problems surrounding Soviet society, Mikhail Gorbachev, 54 year old politburo member, was chosen as the general secretary of the party. He saw the need for reform in the system and declared his program of Glasnost and Perestroika (Strayer, 2016: 167-188).

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 9

fast privatization of state assets
lack of institutional framework
emergence of mafia like organizations
primitive accumulation of illegal capital

Which of the above is/are among the main transition problems in Eastern European economies?

Only II

Only I

I,II,IV

I,II,III,IV

I,III

Açıklama:

In terms of economic problems that Eastern European economies encountered during the transition to market economy, biggest issue was the lack of institutional framework. Eastern Europe populations did not have experiences with widespread market operations and associated legal regulations. For example, how to protect the private property rights of corporations and individuals after decades of communist era was not easy. In addition to that, economic policies that were advised by the IMF like privatization of state assets did not have necessary regulations that may prevent any plundering of public wealth during transition period. Also fast implementation of structural adjustment programs, i.e shock therapy, created mafia like organizations, who took advantage of those legal loopholes and even threatened the small property owners in the aftermath of the collapse of socialism. Countries, who politically controlled the market economy reform process achieved much stable results compared to hasty reform application of Russia in the 1990’s.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 10

the existence of State control over strategic sectors in the country

Labor force can be mobilized for industrial production

privatizing mainly smallest, unprofitable, and non-strategic firms

Which of the above makes China's transition to a market economy more successful?

Only II

II,III

I,III

Only III

I,II,III

Açıklama:

Poverty, lack of both industrialization and urban development were important problems of China even in early 1980’s.Opening up of China to foreign market operations after 1978 mainly closed this gap and country began to surpass other emerging market economies in the first decade of 21st century. At that point China used its enormous labor force that can be mobilized for industrial production as the country contains almost third of world’s workforce. In addition to above arguments, one can count the existence of state control over strategic sectors in China as another fact that made Chinese transition more successful. Unlike hasty privatizations of 90’s Eastern European economies, Chinese ruling party preferred to control important sectors, such as telecommunication, energy, transportation and opted to privatize the most unproductive state enterprises. Also Chinese ability to learn industrial design and production techniques from foreign corporations helped countries economic development. Though, these Chinese practices were a lot of times accused by Western countries for being unfair trade operations.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 11

What is the mode of production that depends on private property and accumulation of profit through market exchanges called?

Capitalism

Feudalism

Serfdom

Monarchy

Marxism

Açıklama:

Capitalism: a mode of production that depends on private property and accumulation of profit through market exchanges.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 12

Which of the below aims to end private property’s power over social relationships?

Monarchy

Feudalism

Marxism

Civil society

Socialism

Açıklama:

Marxism: is a theory and method for working class emancipation through socializing the means of production. Aims to end private property’s power over social relationships.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 13

What is the economic system that is characterized by social ownership of means of production and workers self-management called?

Nationalism

Capitalism

Feudalism

Marxism

Socialism

Açıklama:

Socialism: An economic system that is characterized by social ownership of means of production and workers self-management.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 14

What is the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, an institution that was made of 7 East European countries and USSR called?

Bolsheviks

Comecon

Glasnost & Perestroika

Vanguard Party

Soviets

Açıklama:

Comecon: Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, an institution that was made of 7 East European countries and USSR. It lasted from 1949 to 1991.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 15

Who is the second leader of the Soviet Communist Party, served through 1924- 1953?

J. Stalin

V. Lenin

L. Walesa

M. Gorbachev

V. Putin

Açıklama:

J. Stalin: Second leader of the Soviet Communist Party, served through 1924- 1953 and renowned for his idea of socialism in a single country.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 16

Who is the last leader of the USSR?

J. Stalin

V. Putin

V. Lenin

M. Gorbachev

L. Walesa

Açıklama:

Mikhail Gorbachev: 8th and the last general secretary of the Soviet Communist Party, and the last leader of the USSR.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 17

What year did USSR collapse?

1980

1981

1984

1989

1991

Açıklama:

1991

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 18

Through which mechanism did Russia finish the transition period after the end of USSR?

Capitalism

Shock therapy

Marxism

Glasnost & Perestroika

Comecon

Açıklama:

Shock Therapy: In economics, sudden withdrawal of currency and price controls over markets and fast trade liberalization, privatization and cuts in social spending.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 19

In what year was V. Putin elected as the Russian president for the first time?

1998

2000

2002

2006

2008

Açıklama:

2000

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 20

Who led the Market Reforms in China?

Li Peng

Mao

D. Xiao Ping

Zhao Ziyang

Hu Yaobang

Açıklama:

D. Xiao Ping: Renowned for his market economy reforms, chair of Chinese Communist Party from 1978 to 1989.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 21

Which of the following can be defined as “the status of peasants and lower class people under feudalism”?

Capitalism

Monarchy

Serfdom

Socialism

Marxism

Açıklama:

Serfdom: the status of peasants and lower class people under feudalism, in which they were forced to work for lord’s manor with little rights.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 22

Which of the following is a mode of production that depends on private property and accumulation of profit through market exchanges?

Monarchy

Serfdom

Socialism

Capitalism

Marxism

Açıklama:

Capitalism: a mode of production that depends on private property and accumulation of profit through market exchanges.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 23

What does the term “Civil Society” refer to?

The sections of society and their political, economic activities, independent from government.

A theory and method for working class emancipation through socializing the means of production.

A form of government, in which a single ruler holds all political power over the society.

A mode of production that depends on private property.

Aims to end private property’s power over social relationships.

Açıklama:

Civil Society: It generally refers to the sections of society and their political, economic activities, which are independent from government.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 24

Which of the following is the name used for the dominant section of Marxist Russian Social Democratic Party, split from reformist Mensheviks?

Civil Society

Vanguard Party

Soviets

Comecon

Bolsheviks

Açıklama:

Bolsheviks: Dominant section of Marxist Russian Social Democratic Party, split from reformist Mensheviks.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 25

Which of the following is the founder of the trade union Solidarity In 1980’s?

Mikhail Gorbachev

Lech Walesa

Vladimir Putin

Alexander Dubcek

Joseph Stalin

Açıklama:

Lech Walesa: Polish retired politician and labor activist. Founder of the trade union Solidarity In 1980’s. Served as president of Poland between 1990-1995.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 26

Which of the following is the last leader of the USSR?

Alexander Dubcek

Joseph Stalin

Mikhail Gorbachev

Lech Walesa

Vladimir Putin

Açıklama:

Mikhail Gorbachev: 8th and the last general secretary of the Soviet Communist Party, and the last leader of the USSR.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 27

Which of the following is the name of Gorbachev’s program for political and economic liberalization and transparency in the 1980’s USSR?

Comecon

Vanguard Party

Shock therapy

Middle Ground approach

Glasnost and Perestroika

Açıklama:

In 1985, amidst all these problems surrounding Soviet society, Mikhail Gorbachev, 54 year old politburo member, was chosen as the general secretary of the party. He saw the need for reform in the system and declared his program of Glasnost and Perestroika. Glasnost & Perestroika: Gorbachev’s reform for political and economic liberalization and transparency in the 1980’s USSR.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 28

Which of the following is the term used for sudden withdrawal of currency and price controls over markets and fast trade liberalization, privatization and cuts in social spending?

Shock therapy

Middle Ground approach

Glasnost and Perestroika

Monarchy

Serfdom

Açıklama:

Shock Therapy: In economics, sudden withdrawal of currency and price controls over markets and fast trade liberalization, privatization and cuts in social spending. In terms of transition to a free market economy, Yeltsin and his main aid Gaidar applied what economists called shock therapy to the Russian economy in order to finish this transition period as soon as possible.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 29

Which of the following has been the first country in Europe to recognize Solidarity trade union as a formal opposition?

Bulgaria

Poland

Romania

Russia

Hungary

Açıklama:

In 1989 first in the Eastern Europe, Polish government recognized the Solidarity trade union as a formal opposition and it paved the way for the formation of first non-communist government in Eastern Europe after senate elections. But Solidarity movement and its long time leader Walesa’s anti-party, anti-political stance somewhat weakened the active formation of political organizations in the new parliamentary republic.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 30

When did China start to transform from an isolated state into manufacturing workshop of the world?

Since 1949

In early 1970’s

After 1960’s

Since 1980’s

Since 2000’s

Açıklama:

China has transformed itself from an isolated state into manufacturing workshop of the world in the last three decades since 1980’s. At the beginning of 1980, China’s total share of world production was 2.6 percent, while this decade that number rose to almost 9 percent of the total world output. So, one can predict the enormous transformation that China went through with the expanding globalization of production.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 31

"The status of peasants and lower-class people under feudalism, in which they
were forced to work for lord’s manor with little rights"
Which of the following is defined above?

Liberalism

Monarchy

Capitalism

Feudalism

Serfdom

Açıklama:

Serfdom is the status of peasants and lower-class people under feudalism, in which they were forced to work for lord’s manor with little rights.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 32

__________generally refers to the sections of society and their political, economic activities, which are independent from government.

Feudalism

Civil Society

Capitalism

Monarchy

Marxism

Açıklama:

Civil Society generally refers to the sections of society and their political, economic activities, which are independent from government.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 33

"In Leninist theory, the communist party should form the _______ of the working class and lead them in revolutionary struggles"
Which of the following could fill in the blank given above most appropriately?

Lenist

Marxist

Vanguard Party

Bolsheviks

Soviets

Açıklama:

Vanguard Party: In Leninist theory, communist party should form the vanguard
of the working class and lead them in revolutionary struggles

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 34

Which of the following is not true about "Comecon"?

It is a council for mutual economic assistance

It is an institution

It was made of 7 East European countries and USSR

It lasted from 1949 to 1991

It was established by West European countries

Açıklama:

Comecon is a Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, an institution that was made of 7 East European countries and USSR. It lasted from 1949 to 1991.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 35

Which of the following is not true about "Lech Walesa"?

He is a retired Polish politician

He led the protests against the west in Eastern European Countries

He is a labor activist

He is the founder of the trade union solidarity in 1980.

He served as president of Poland

Açıklama:

Lech Walesa: Polish retired politician and labor activist. Founder of the trade union Solidarity in the 1980s. Served as president of Poland between 1990-1995.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 36

Which of the following is not true about the USSR?

Mikhail Gorbachevdeclared his program of Glasnost and Perestroika

Gorbachev criticized the stagnation of Brezhnev years

Glasnost was a program to increase democracy in all levels of Soviet society

Glasnost aimed to attain a level of transparency in government affairs

Glasnost would be the solution to the failure in the arms race with the USA

Açıklama:

In 1985, amidst all these problems surrounding Soviet society, Mikhail Gorbachev, a 54-year-old politburo member, was chosen as the general secretary of the party. He saw the need for reform in the system and declared his program of Glasnost and Perestroika. Gorbachev, like Khrushchev in 1956, criticized the stagnation of Brezhnev years and call for reforms in the system. Glasnost was a program to increase democracy in all levels of Soviet society, this reform aimed to attain a level of transparency in government affairs. That would be the solution to high level of bureaucratic inefficiency and corruption within the Soviet Union.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 37

What is "the sudden withdrawal of currency and price controls over markets and fast trade liberalization, privatization and cuts in social spending" is called in economics?

Realism

Socialism

Comecon

Glasnost & Perestroika

Shock Therapy

Açıklama:

In terms of transition to a free-market economy, Yeltsin and his main aid Gaidar applied what economists called shock therapy to the Russian economy in order to finish this transition period as soon as possible. In economics, the sudden withdrawal of currency and price controls over markets and fast trade liberalization, privatization, and cuts in social spending is a shock therapy.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 38

Which of the following cannot be stated for Poland as a former Eastern European socialist country?

Poland had milder authoritarianism because of earlier started resistance to full-scale Soviet control.

After 1976 Poland's civic associations began its democratization demands against the single-party government

Polish regime, under general Jaruzelski, was the first in Eastern Europe in initiation for democratic multi-party elections.

Catholic church in Poland had no autonomy from the Communist-led governments and failed to begin resistance with the help of papacy.

Poland created a semi-presidential system under Lech Walesa’s leadership and consolidated its democratic transition earlier than other countries

Açıklama:

Poland was an exception compared to other countries in the bloc as it had milder authoritarianism because of earlier started resistance to full-scale Soviet control. After 1976 it’s civic associations, especially the Solidarity trade union, began its democratization demands against single-party government. Also in 1989, Polish regime under general Jaruzelski was the first in Eastern Europe in terms of initiation for democratic multi-party elections. That multi-party election framework was negotiated with the opposition groups. Poland created a semi-presidential system under Lech Walesa’s leadership and consolidated its democratic transition earlier than others. In Linz and Stephan’s words, this consolidation usually means that consecutive multi-party elections are held without significant disturbance and the country sees a change of leadership in that period of transition. Other issues that helped Poland in this relatively easier political transition were, first, Catholic church in the country had some autonomy from the Communist-led governments and began a culture of resistance with the help of papacy.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 39

Which of the following is false about China's transformation?

Maoist was largely accused by the USSR in 1950’s for collaborating with the world capitalist system

China has transformed itself from an isolated state into the manufacturing workshop of the world in the last three decades since the 1980s

At the beginning of 1980, China’s total share of world production was 2.6 percent

Chinese's revolution in 1949 was different from Soviet experience in terms of the dominance of peasants over culture and politics of the country

The party leadership under Mao mostly choose autarkic cultural and economic
development compared to Eastern Bloc

Açıklama:

China has transformed itself from an isolated state into the manufacturing workshop of the world in the last three decades since the 1980s. At the beginning of 1980, China’s total share of world production was 2.6 percent, while this decade that number rose to almost 9 percent of the total world output. So, one can predict the enormous transformation that China went through with the expanding globalization of production. But what made those changes in China? If we look at the features of the Chinese revolution in 1949, it was different from Soviet experience in terms of the dominance of peasants over the culture and politics of the country. So China did not develop even early Soviet democracy. Maoist largely accused the USSR in the 1950s for collaborating with the world capitalist system.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 40

Which of the following cannot be stated for today's China?

In today’s China, more than half of the total production was made by private
sector

China had strict guidelines from the state and government plan

China can be accepted as a mixed economy that successfully combines private initiative and profit motive with general industrial plans of the state.

Since 2001 when China entered into WTO and WTO classified Chinese enterprises as not different from private corporate entities in terms of decision making autonomy.

In China, state-owned corporations usually decide production according to market price signals, but that is not true for marketing

Açıklama:

In today’s China, one can argue that more than half of the total production was made by private sector, though they had strict guidelines from the state and government plan. So China can be accepted as a mixed economy that successfully combines private initiative and profit motive with general industrial plans of the state. But also since 2001 when China entered into WTO ( World Trade Organization) most economists in the WTO classified Chinese enterprises as not different from private corporate entities in terms of decision making autonomy. That means these state-owned corporations usually decide production and marketing according to the market price signals.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 41

Which of the following refers to the structure of medieval societies, where the land owner lords controlled the political and economic relationships of society by giving protection to peasants serves and exploiting their labor?

Aristocracy.

Capitalism.

Feudalism.

Monarchy.

Serfdom.

Açıklama:

Page 153.
Feudalism: structure of medieval societies, where the land owner lords controlled the political and economic relationships of society by giving protection to peasants serves and exploiting their labor. Therefore, the correct option is C.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 42

Which of the following refers to the mode of production that depends on private property and accumulation of profit through market exchanges?

Aristocracy.

Capitalism.

Feudalism.

Monarchy.

Serfdom.

Açıklama:

Page 153.
Capitalism: a mode of production that depends on private property and accumulation of profit through market exchanges. Therefore, the correct option is B.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 43

Which of the following represents the absolutist power of the monarchy in early 20th century Russia?

Tsars.

Kings.

Chaplins.

Sultans.

Queens.

Açıklama:

Page 153.
absolutist monarchy as the head of lords as a form of government gradually weakened in the West as well as its ideology of absolute divine right of kings. Since division of power among various classes and liberating towns and markets strengthened power of commercial capitalists against those absolutist monarchs, more liberal ideas in terms of government spread further around Western Europe. But in Eastern Europe, absolutist power of monarchy (tsars in Russia) was used to strengthened serfdom and privileges of aristocratic classes. Therefore, the correct option is A.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 44

Which of the followings refers to the theory and method for working class emancipation through socializing the means of production?

Monarchy.

Democracy.

Civil Society.

Marxism.

Socialism.

Açıklama:

Page 155.
Marxism: is a theory and method for working class emancipation through socializing the means of production. Aims to end private property’s power over social relationships. Therefore, the correct option is D.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 45

"In November 1917 first socialist state of the world was founded."
In Russia, which of the followings happened between 1918 and 1921 following the afore-mentioned event?

Last attempt by pro-Tsarist groups to remove Soviets from power.

Women workers’ demonstrations for bread and unplanned strikes.

It was the years of Civil War in Russia.

J. Stalin's leadership of the Soviet Communist Party.

Period was called era of “dual power”.

Açıklama:

Page 157.
The last attempt by Kornilov and pro-Tsarist groups to erase the power of Soviets in mid summer 1917 was defeated and in November 1917 first socialist state of the world was founded. But aside from the historical backwardness compared to Western countries, Russian revolution was largely isolated without the experience of Western parliamentary traditions, civilian struggles for democratic rights and mass of peasant population did not ease the conditions for a working class revolution, which supposedly established the workers’ rule over society. But as the events surrounding the first constitutional assembly in Russia showed, neither Bolsheviks nor most of other groups accepted Western norms of parliaments. Under economic and political difficulties, Bolsheviks chose to use force against the opposition, that literally turned Soviet Russia into one party state. Years of civil war, 1918-1921, further escalated the difficulties of conditions in the country. Therefore, the correct option is C.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 46

As pointed out by some economists, which of the followings created a problem for the socialist planning?

Establishment of Nazi Party in Germany.

Capitalists' investment in Eastern European countries.

Rising isolationism in European relations.

No personal incentive to innovate in production process.

Rugged individualism in society.

Açıklama:

Page 159.
According to Hayek, information and coordination cost would be too great to undertake this kind of central planning. Some economists also pointed out the problem of motivation for the socialist planning. They added that most of the time in production process, workers, managers and state planners would not have any personal incentive to innovate since there is no specific award that they can take from new ideas. So system would be inefficient and may be prone to corruption because of the lack of democratic accountability of government officials in authoritarian countries like the former Eastern Europe. Therefore, the correct option is D.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 47

Which of the followings was the last leader of the USSR?

Lech Walesa.

Georgy Malenkov.

Nikita Khrushchev.

Leonid Brezhnev.

Mikhail Gorbachev.

Açıklama:

Page 161.
Mikhail Gorbachev: 8th and the last general secretary of the Soviet Communist Party, and the last leader of the USSR. Therefore, the correct option is E.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 48

Which of the followings is the definition of Glasnost & Perestroika?

U.S.S.R.'s respond to the U.S. Star Wars program in 1980s.

Soviets' plan to increase spending in nuclear technology.

Replacement plan for Chernobyl nuclear power plant.

Peace plan for the problems among Armenians, Azerbaycan, Georgia and other Caucasus republics.

Gorbachev’s reform for political and economic liberalization and transparency.

Açıklama:

Page 162.
Glasnost & Perestroika: Gorbachev’s reform for political and economic liberalization and transparency in the 1980’s USSR. Therefore, the correct option is E.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 49

After the fall of Berlin Wall, which of the followings was applied by Boris Yeltsin in Russia in terms of transition to a free market economy?

Shock therapy.

Moratorium.

Devaluation.

Consolidation.

Privatization.

Açıklama:

Page 164.
In terms of transition to a free market economy, Yeltsin and his main aid Gaidar applied what economists called shock therapy to the Russian economy in order to finish this transition period as soon as possible. This unrelentless trade liberalization in Russia entailed first, fast privatizations of more than half of state enterprises, which benefited former communist party bureaucrats and their new oligarch friends as the value of these enterprises were not calculated on any feasibility report but mostly determined by the corrupt dealings of the new state elite and former managers of those industrial enterprises. Mafia economy and primitive accumulation of capital through illegal means were widespread in the early years of transition. Therefore, the correct option is A.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 50

Which of the followings was among the reasons for the demonstrations in Tiananmen square in 1989?

Protest against western capitaist powers entering the Chinese market.

Demand for the political liberalization in China.

Protest against the Communist Party's one-child law.

Demand for open market in the country.

Freedom for neighboring territories of China.

Açıklama:

Page 171.
The ruling party’s reforms did not have any political liberalization program, as the Chinese Communist Party saw the collapsing USSR and Eastern Bloc economies in 1980’s. Ruling elite in China took the lesson from Soviet experience that without a sound economic structure, political and cultural reforms would cause unexpected turn of events, which the single party government can not control. One of the biggest examples of these policies was demonstrations in Tiananmen square in 1989. Chinese population saw that political openness of Gorbachev and his reforms in Eastern Europe and demanded the same political liberalization in China too, but Chinese bureaucrats were not ready to accept a transition to capitalism without their firm control. That was also a reflection of thousand years of Chinese political culture which mainly uphold the state and ruling elites’ interests far above the interests of ordinary Chinese. In 1989, first phase of economic reforms created imbalances between countryside and special economic zones in coastal areas. Unemployment, rising inflation, greater inequalities among party officials and masses, increasing corruption were all symptoms of political problems that surround China. In Tiananmen, ruling elite violently suppressed the demonstrators with around 1300 deaths but unlike the chaotic 1990’s in post-Soviet Russia, China passed the same era relatively calm. They even sped up the reform process in economy after 1992. Therefore, the correct option is B.

Doğru Cevap: B

Ünite 7

Soru 1

· Which of the followings is the disadvantage of globalization?

International aid and support services expand across countries

Interaction of people creates a global cultural element

The decline of nationalism contributes to the security

The transfer of jobs to lower-cost countries

International cooperation increases

Açıklama:

It is argued that globalization has its advantages as well as its disadvantages. Although competition can be seen as a benefit for consumers, it may require struggle in terms of the producer. Moreover, as seen in the examples of the global economic crisis, economic problems in a country can easily spread to other countries and spread to the global scale. Apart from these, due to globalization, the distinction between the north and south has become more visible and the idea that the rich become richer and the poor become poorer became widespread. For the developed countries, the biggest problem is the loss of jobs and the transfer of jobs to lower-cost countries.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 2

· Which of the followings affected the first wave of regionalization?

World War 1

World War 2

Shanghai Cooperation Organization

The North American Free Trade Agreement

The formation of NATO

Açıklama:

In the historical development process, the first wave of regionalization emerged in the 1950s and 1960s as a result of the effects of the World War II.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 3

· The second stage of economic regionalization is the economic union. Which of the followings is the example of the economic union?

Free trade zones

Custom unions

Common market

Political Powers

International interventions

Açıklama:

The first stage of economic regionalization is that a group of national states form a system of markets that are larger and more tightly connected, giving less importance to their national borders with economic objectives. These systems include free trade zones and customs unions. The next stage is the economic union (Balaam & Dillman, 2015: 395-397). The actors involved in economic regionalization create a common market by liberalizing and standardizing the circulation of goods, services and means of production within the regional structure in which they are involved.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 4

· After this treaty, a more democratic and transparent EU has been established. Which of the followings is the mentioned treaty?

Constitutional Treaty for Europe

The Treaty of Lisbon

The Treaty of Maastricht

The Amsterdam Treaty

The Treaty of Paris

Açıklama:

With the Treaty of Lisbon, a more democratic and transparent EU has been established. Freedom and principles contained in the Charter of Fundamental Rights which promote the values of the EU are guaranteed.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 5

· It acts as the judicial body of the EU.

· It operates in Luxembourg

Which institution below has the listed characteristics?

The Council of the EU

The European Commission

The European Parliament

Court of Justice of the EU

European Court of Auditors

Açıklama:

It acts as the judicial body of the EU. The Court of Justice has one judge in each member state. It is divided into two parts: the Court of Justice and the General Court. It operates in Luxembourg. It interprets EU laws to ensure that they are implemented in the same way in all EU countries and resolves legal disputes between national governments and EU institutions.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 6

Which of the followings is not the member of Shanghai Cooperation Organization?

China

Kazakhstan

Kyrgyzstan

Russia

Belarus

Açıklama:

After its establishment, some countries in the region declared their desire to become a member and participated in some sessions of the SCO with observer membership status. India and Pakistan joined the organization on June 9, 2017 and thus the number of members of the SCO reached to eight. Afghanistan, Belarus, Iran and Mongolia have had observer status as of September 2017.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 7

· Raisnig the living conditions of the member states
· Provide full employement
· Improving the production of goods and services
Which of the followings has the objectives listed above?

European Union

International Trade Organization

World Trade Organization

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

World Bank

Açıklama:

Objectives of WTO are as follows: raising the living conditions of the member states, provide full employment, ensuring the steady growth of real income, supporting the market demand of member states, improving the production of goods and services, expanding their trade and to do this by ensuring optimal use of world resources in accordance with the target, protecting the environment and finally developing its own resources to meet the needs of member states at different economic levels.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 8

In which of the following organizations is Turkey a founding member?

European Union

NAFTA

Organisation for European Economic Cooperation

The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development

GATT

Açıklama:

The foundation agreement of the OECD was signed in Paris on 14 December 1960. The OECD has 20 founding members. These are; USA, Austria, Canada, France, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Germany, Italy, England, Belgium, Denmark, Ireland, Greece, Switzerland, Sweden, Spain, Iceland, Norway, Portugal, and Turkey.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 9

Which statement below is not true about NAFTA?

NAFTA was signed between the US, Mexico and Canada

Workers have been granted the right to sue

NAFTA does not address exchange rates and monetary policies

It does not include the implementation of common customs tariffs against third countries

It does not intend to establish a Central Bank

Açıklama:

NAFTA is thought to have the most negative effects on workers. Some of the reasons include the fact that real wages of workers’ decreased by 13.5%, and that workers have not been granted the right to sue, which is a right granted to the investors.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 10

“It is the form that the transnational corporation will take in the future. The corporation shall be registered and audited by an organization established by an international agreement and shall pay its tax there and thus lose its nationality legally”. Which of the followings is the type of the mentioned corporation?

Transnational Corporation

Supranational Corporation

Multinational Corporation

International Corporation

Regional Corporation

Açıklama:

Supranational Corporation: It is the form that the transnational corporation will take in the future. The corporation shall be registered and audited by an organization established by an international agreement and shall pay its tax there and thus lose its nationality legally.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 11

Which of the following organizations has played a leading role in regionalization?

Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)

Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)

Multinational corporations (MNCs)

World health organization (WHO)

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

Açıklama:

REGIONALIZATION- GLOBALIZATION DEBATE TODAY
The European Economic Community (EEC), the GATT and NAFTA have played a leading role in regionalization.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 12

Which of the followings is not one of the most important benefits of globalization?

The realization of the free trade of goods and services between countries

The free movement of means of production

The production and use of technology

The right of freedom of expression

The transformation of industrial relations and the emergence of new forms of employment

Açıklama:

REGIONALIZATION- GLOBALIZATION DEBATE TODAY
In terms of the global political economy, some of the most important benefits of globalization are the realization of the free trade of goods and services between countries, the free movement of means of production, the production and use of technology, the transformation of industrial relations and the emergence of new forms of employment (Elçin, 2012: 5).

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 13

Which of the following countries is not one of the sides in the Treaty of Paris?

France

Germany

Spain

Belgium

Luxembourg

Açıklama:

EUROPEAN UNION (EU)
In the context of the Schuman Declaration, on 18 April 1951, the Treaty of Paris was signed between France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg, and the ECSC was established (Akdemir, 2014: 47- 48).

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 14

Which of the followings is not one of the reasons for EU's integration?

Strengthening the European economy

The prevention of policies of Germany or another European state to take over Europe through force and violence

The prevention of the distribution policies of the USSR

The need for a political unity in Europe to be a third power between the US and the USSR in the bipolar international system

The establishment of regions with political powers, the characteristics of which are determined by the constitution regarding the institutional and powers

Açıklama:

EUROPEAN UNION (EU)
Why did Europe need integration?

Strengthening the European economy.

As experienced in the World War II,the prevention of policies of Germany or another European state to take over Europe through force and violence.

The prevention of the distribution policies of the USSR.

The need for a political unity in Europe to be a third power between the US and the USSR in the bipolar international system (İnat, 2005: 6; Akdemir, 2014: 44)

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 15

Which of the followings is composed of ministers serving in the governments of the member states of the EU?

The Council of the EU

The European Commission

The European Parliament

Court of Justice of the EU

European Court of Auditors

Açıklama:

Institutions of the EU
The Council of the EU: It is composed of ministers serving in the governments of the member states of the EU.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 16

When did the first wave of regionalization emerge?

Before World War II

After World War II

Before World War I

As a result of World War I

After the 1960s

Açıklama:

In the historical development process, the first wave of regionalization emerged in the 1950s and the 1960s as a result of the effects of the World War II.
After the World War II

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 17

Which of the following is true about the first wave regionalization?

It was created by developing countries.

It was composed of developed countries.

It was created in a world order shifting to multipolarity.

It was not limited to the reduction or removal of traditional trade barriers.

It harmonized other trade and economic regulations and policies.

Açıklama:

The first wave regionalization was created by the developing countries in the Cold War political environment, which is generally close to each other in the framework of bipolar world order.
It was created by developing countries.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 18

NAFTA

GATT

Which of the above played a leading role in regionalization?

I and II

I, II and III

III and IV

I and IV

II, III and IV

Açıklama:

The European Economic Community (EEC), the General Agreement on
Tariffs and Trade (GATT), and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) have played a leading role in regionalization.
EU, EEC, and NAFTA played leading roles in regionalization.
GATT did not, as its focus was multilateral and global.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 19

"The actors group together to leave some of their sovereignty to the management of the regional structure and to meet in a common denominator in political decisions." What does this explanation refer to?

International interventions

International peace

Political regionalization

Economic regionalization

Conflict resolution

Açıklama:

Political regionalization means that the actors group together to leave some of their sovereignty
to the management of the regional structure and to meet in a common denominator in political
decisions.
C) Political regionalization

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 20

Which of the following does OECD refer to?

Security threats

Artificial intelligence

Corporations

Globalization

Digitalization

Açıklama:

The OECD refers to globalization as internationalization of markets, means of production, financial systems, competition, corporations, technology and industries for goods and services.
D) Globalization

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 21

The decline of nationalism
Economic problems in a country can spread to other countries
The distinction between the north and the south has become visible
The rich become richer and the poor become poorer

Which of the above are among the disadvantages of globalization?

Only I

I and II

I, II and III

II, III and IV

I, II, III and IV

Açıklama:

The interaction of people creates a global cultural element and the decline of nationalism contributes to the security and peace of the countries.
It is argued that globalization has its advantages as well as its disadvantages. Although competition
can be seen as a benefit for consumers, it may require a struggle in terms of the producer. Moreover, as seen in the examples of the global economic crisis, economic problems in a country can easily spread to other countries and spread to a global scale. Apart from these, due to globalization, the distinction between the north and south has become more visible and the idea that the rich become richer and the poor become poorer became widespread.
D) II, III and IV

Economic problems in a country can spread to other countries
The distinction between the north and the south has become visible
The rich become richer and the poor become poorer

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 22

When was Schuman Declaration announced?

In 1915

1932

1950

1964

1980

Açıklama:

In accordance with Jean Monnet’s plan, Robert Schuman announced a declaration on the establishment of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in 1950.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 23

Which of the following is developed as a defense element of the EU?

European Atomic Energy Community

Western European Union

European Community

Single European Act

White Paper of the Commission

Açıklama:

B) Western European Union (WEU)

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 24

Political criteria
Economic criteria
Crisis management
The adoption of community legislation

Which of the above are the necessary criteria for full membership of a candidate country to the Union?

Only I

I and II

I, II and III

II, III and IV

I, II and IV

Açıklama:

E) I, II and IV

Political criteria
Economic criteria
The adoption of community legislation

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 25

When did the first commercial activity of Turkey with Turkic Republics start?

In 1923

In 1959

In 1980

In 1992

In 2015

Açıklama:

The first commercial activity with Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan, which we also call the Turkic Republics, started in 1992, after they declared their independence, with about 186 million dollars.
D) In 1992

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 26

"After a strong settlement in one country (parent company), the corporation is settled in other countries based on centralized management."
Which of the following corporations does this explanation refer to?

International corporation

National corporation

Multinational corporation

Transnational corporation

Supranational corporation

Açıklama:

A) International corporation

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 27

Which of the followings is one of the main objectives of World Trade Organization (WTO)?

To carry out various joint political- military activities among all its members.

To protect the environment and finally develop its own resources to meet the needs of member states at different economic levels.

To increase commercial integration between the private sector in North American countries, and the eliminate the obstacles to such integration.

To create better policies for better living standards and creates welfare, equality, opportunity and welfare policies for all.

To be prepared for the crises that may take place in the oil market and to increase the solidarity between member states and to ensure energy security.

Açıklama:

World Trade Organization (WTO)
Objectives of WTO are as follows: raising the living conditions of the member states, provide full employment, ensuring the steady growth of real income, supporting the market demand of member states, improving the production of goods and services, expanding their trade and to do this by ensuring optimal use of world resources in accordance with the target, protecting the environment and finally developing its own resources to meet the needs of member states at different economic levels (Ertürk, 1993: 225).

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 28

Which of the followings is the highest decision-making body of the WTO?

Council for Trade in Goods

Council of National Coordinators

Ministerial Conference

Council of Ministers

European Court of Auditors

Açıklama:

The Structure of WTO
The highest decision-making body of the WTO is the Ministerial Conference.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 29

Which of the followings was signed between the US, Mexico and Canada, after four years of negotiations?

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)

World Trade Organization (WTO)

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)

Açıklama:

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
NAFTA was signed between the US, Mexico and Canada, after four years of negotiations (Hufbauer & Schott, 1992: 3), and entered into force in January 1994.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 30

Which of the followings is an international organization that works to create better policies for better living standards and creates welfare, equality, opportunity and welfare policies for all?

Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)

World Trade Organization (WTO)

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

Açıklama:

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is an international organization that works to create better policies for better living standards and creates welfare, equality, opportunity and welfare policies for all (http://www.oecd.org/about/ DoA: 29.01.2019).

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 31

Which of the followings is the corporation whose managers distribute their corporation resources regardless of their country’s identity in order to profit?

National Corporation

International Corporation

Multinational Corporation

Transnational Corporation

Supranational Corporation

Açıklama:

MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS (MNCs) AND GLOBALIZATION
Multinational Corporation: It is the corporation whose managers distribute their corporation resources regardless of their country’s identity in order to profit.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 32

I. The first wave of regionalization emerged in the 1950s and 1960s.
II. The EEC, the GATT and NAFTA have played a leading role in regionalization.
III.The second wave of regionalization was composed of developing countries.
Which of the above statement or statements are true?

Only I

Only II

Only III

I and II

II and III

Açıklama:

-
The first wave regionalization was created by the developing countries in the Cold War political environment, which is generally close to each other in the framework of a bipolar world order. The second wave regionalization is composed of developed countries, in a world order shifting to multipolarity.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 33

I. The Treaty of Maastricht
II. Amsterdam Treaty
III. The Treaty of Rome
What is the correct chronological order of the events listed above is given?

I-II-III

II-III-I

I-III-II

II-I-III

III-I-II

Açıklama:

-
Following the unsuccessful European Defense Community initiative, the EEC and the European Atomic Energy Community were established in 1957 under the Treaty of Rome. In 1992, the Treaty of Maastricht, also known as the Treaty of the EU, was signed and entered into force in 1993. The EU organized a summit in Amsterdam in 1997 and the objectives of addressing the deficiencies of the Maastricht Treaty were defined as the Amsterdam Treaty.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 34

Which two countries rejected the draft of the Constitutional Treaty for Europe in 2004?

Spain and Germany

Austria and Germany

France and the Netherlands

Spain and France

The Netherlands and Austria

Açıklama:

-
In 2004, the EU member states signed a Constitutional Treaty for Europe. However, this draft did not come into force after France and the Netherlands rejected the constitution draft for various reasons.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 35

Which of the following countries became a member of the European Union later than the others?

Estonia

Latvia

Croatia

Romania

Slovakia

Açıklama:

-
In 2004, Poland, Hungary, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, the Czech Republic, Slovenia, Slovakia and South Cyprus, in 2007 Bulgaria and Romania became members of the EU. Croatia also became a member in 2013, the number of EU member states reached 28.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 36

Which institution is regarded as the guardian of the law of the European Union?

The Council of the EU

The European Commission

The European Parliament

Court of Justice of the EU

European Court of Auditors

Açıklama:

-
The European Commission: In addition to being the guardian of the law of the Union, it is the executive body.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 37

Which countries below hold observer status at the Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO)?

Afghanistan and Belarus

Iran and Cambodia

Mongolia and Armenia

Nepal and Sri Lanka

Azerbaijan and Turkey

Açıklama:

-
Afghanistan, Belarus, Iran and Mongolia have had observer status as of September 2017.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 38

I. The establishment took place in the Uruguay Round two years after the USSR was officially dismantled.
II. In 1995, it gained an institutional structure
III. It has a total of 159 members throughout the world and has many agreements and protocols.
Which organization has the characteristics listed above?

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)

World Trade Organization (WTO)

Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

Açıklama:

-
The establishment of the WTO took place in the Uruguay Round two years after 1991, when the USSR was officially dismantled. The agreement signed for the establishment of the ITO was not achieved, and in 1995, it gained an institutional structure and became the WTO. It has a total of 159 members throughout the world and has many agreements and protocols.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 39

Which of the following statements is not true about NAFTA?

NAFTA represents the world’s largest trading block with the size of 11.4 trillion dollars.

The ground for a free trade zone between the US, Mexico and Canada was created earlier than NAFTA.

NAFTA entered into force in January 1994 after 4 years of negotiation between countries.

NAFTA does not grant workers the right to sue, which is a right granted to the investors.

NAFTA includes the implementation of common customs tariffs against third countries.

Açıklama:

-
NAFTA does not address exchange rates and monetary policies, does not include the implementation of common customs tariffs against third countries, but does not intend to establish a Central Bank between the three countries.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 40

I. Turkey is a founding member of the International Energy Agency.
II. The OECD has 20 founding members.
III. The highest decision-making body of the OECD is the Commission.
Which of the statements above are correct about the OECD?

Only I

Only II

Only III

I and II

II and III

Açıklama:

The highest decision-making body of the OECD is the Council.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 41

It is the corporation whose managers distribute their corporation resources regardless of their country’s identity in order to profit.

It is the corporation in which shareholders and managers have different nationalities.

What type of corporation is defined in each statement above?

I. Multinational Corporation
II. Transnational Corporation

I. Supranational Corporation
II. International Corporation

I. International Corporation
II. Transnational Corporation

I. Transnational Corporation
II. Multinational Corporation

I. Multinational Corporation
II. Supranational Corporation

Açıklama:

-
Multinational Corporation: It is the corporation whose managers distribute their corporation resources regardless of their country’s identity in order to profit. Transnational Corporation: Although it is a multinational corporation, it is the corporation in which shareholders and managers have different nationalities.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 42

Which thinker is behind the project of european union as we know it ?

Monnet

Schuman

Montgomery

Delacroix

Bergson

Açıklama:

Jean Monnet, in 1946, introduced a plan that included European economic, political and cultural unification and the establishment of the United States of Europe, the liberalization of trade and the establishment of economic and political ties between Europe and the United States

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 43

Which one of the following countries is not a contracting party to the Treaty of Paris ?

France

Germany

Italy

Belgium

Switzerland

Açıklama:

On 18 April 1951, the Treaty of Paris was signed between France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 44

Strengthening the European economy.

As experienced in the World War II, the prevention of any European state to take over Europe through force and violence.

The prevention of the distribution policies of the USSR.

The need for a political unity in Europe to be a third power between the US and the USSR in the bipolar international system.

Which of the above premises explain why Europe needed integration in the context of the creation of the European Union ?

I,II,III

II,IV

I,II,III,IV

II,III

I,IV

Açıklama:

All of the premises are true.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 45

Which one of the below documents, also known as the Treaty of the EU, was signed and entered into force in 1993 and the Community was renamed the European Union ?

EEC

European Atomic Energy Community

Single European Act

European Community (EC)

Treaty of Maastricht

Açıklama:

In 1992, the Treaty of Maastricht, also known as the Treaty of the EU, was signed and entered into force in 1993 and the Community was renamed the European Union.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 46

Which of the below statements is not true about Petersberg missions ?

It was adopted on June 19, 1992.

It is important in terms of showing
determination that the Western European
Union (WEU) is developed as a defense
element of the EU, and to be used as a tool for
strengthening the NATO’s European wing.

The WEU member states have announced that
they are ready to put all the elements of their
conventional armed forces into use in military
missions under the leadership of the BAB.

WEU member states can use military forces in
the framework of humanitarian missions and
rescue missions, peace missions and within
the framework of the missions set for conflict
prevention and crisis management, including
peacekeeping (Economic Development
Foundation, 2019).

It was named after the English prime minister Petersberg who worked diligently for a unified Europe.

Açıklama:

Petersberg missions were not named after an English prime minister. The rest is true.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 47

In which year was the Lisbon Treaty signed ?

1947

1971

1998

2007

2018

Açıklama:

In 2007, the Lisbon Treaty, which was a reform treaty to replace the constitution, was
signed between the member states and entered into force in 2009.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 48

What is the last country to join the EU ?

England

Croatia

Poland

Hungary

Greece

Açıklama:

Croatia also became a member in 2013, the number of EU member states reached 28.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 49

I. Council for Trade in Goods
II. Council for Trade in Services and
III. Council for Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
Which of the above organisms is/are a part/parties of the WTO ?

Only I

I,II

I,II,III

I,III

Only III

Açıklama:

All of them are.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 50

Which one of the following agreements is not part of the agreements relation to the Trade of Goods ?

Agriculture Agreement

Anti-Dumping Agreement

Agreement on Subsidies and Compensation Measures

Health and Phytosanitary Measures Agreement

Competition in Sports Agreement

Açıklama:

Agreements relating to the Trade of Goods:
Agriculture Agreement, Anti-Dumping
Agreement, Agreement on Subsidies and
Compensation Measures, Protection
Measures Agreement, Technical Barriers to
Trade Agreement, Health and Phytosanitary
Measures Agreement, Customs Valuation
Agreement, Pre-Shipment Inspection
Agreement, Rules of Origin Agreement and
Import Licenses Agreement

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 51

In which form the corporation shall be registered and audited by an organization established by an international agreement and shall pay its tax there and thus lose its nationality legally ?

Multinational Corporation

Transnational Corporation

Supranational Corporation

National Corporation

Bilateral Corporation

Açıklama:

Supranational Corporation: It is the form that the transnational corporation will take in the future. The corporation shall be registered and audited by an organization
established by an international agreement and shall pay its tax there and thus lose its nationality legally

Doğru Cevap: C

Ünite 8

Soru 1

Which of the following is true about the international dispute settlements?

The parties have no decision right on the dispute resolution methods.

Diplomatic solution methods are generally non-binding.

Judicial solution methods are never binding.

Diplomatic method is the only method that can be used.

Judicial method is the only method for international disputes.

Açıklama:

B) Diplomatic solution methods are generally non-binding.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 2

International Court of Justice
Court of Justice of the European Union
Permanent Court of Arbitration
World Trade Organization

Which of the above are the methods of judicial settlement of disputes?

Only I

I and II

I, II and III

I, II, III and IV

Only IV

Açıklama:

D) I, II, III and IV

International Court of Justice
Court of Justice of the European Union
Permanent Court of Arbitration
World Trade Organization

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 3

Good offices
Diplomatic negotiation
Cooperation
Concilliation
Alienation

Which of the above are among the methods of peaceful settlement disputes?

I and II

I, II and III

I, II and IV

III, IV and V

III and V

Açıklama:

C) I, II and IV

Good offices
Diplomatic negotiation
Concilliation

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 4

"The discussion or examination of a dispute between two or more parties, orally or in writing."
What does this definition refer to?

Diplomatic negotiation

Definitive conclusion

Judicial settlement

Unilateral resolution

Permanent settlement

Açıklama:

A) Diplomatic negotiation

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 5

"The friendly service by a third state or international organization for the dispute parties to start negotiations."
What does the definition given above refer to?

Protocol

Good offices

Convention

Inviolability of the borders

Territorial integrity

Açıklama:

B) Good offices

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 6

The parties are obliged to accept the mediation’s recommendations.
There is a third person referred to as a mediator.
The mediator’s duty shall be with the approval of the states parties.
The parties may make the mediation method obligatory in resolving the dispute

Which of the above are true about the mediation?

I and II

III and IV

I, II and III

II, III and IV

I, II, III and IV

Açıklama:

D) II, III and IV

There is a third person referred to as a mediator.
The mediator’s duty shall be with the approval of the states parties.
The parties may make the mediation method obligatory in resolving the dispute

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 7

To determine disputes
To reduce tension
To encourage the negotiations
To discuss the political effects

Which of the above are the main objectives of the method of conciliation?

Only I

Only II

I and II

I, II and III

II, III and IV

Açıklama:

D) I, II and III

To determine disputes
To reduce tension
To encourage the negotiations

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 8

"The method in which only certain dispute resolution is decided by the parties without reference to any institution, and which is common especially in mediation and arbitration."
Which method is referred to in the definition given above?

Ad hoc

Investigation

Conciliation

Consultation

Good offices

Açıklama:

Ad hoc

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 9

"A solution method in which the resolution of the dispute is decided by the independent and impartial third person or persons called the arbitrator instead of the state court trial and the final decision is binding."
What is the name of the method mentioned in this explanation?

International Bureau

Arbitration

Administrative Council

Investigation

Conciliation

Açıklama:

B) Arbitration

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 10

"The judicial body, which was established in 1900 with the Hague Convention for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes of 1899, can be applied both in terms of interstate disputes and commercial and investment disputes where one side is the state and the other is a private entity."
What is the name of the judicial body mentioned in the explanation above?

Court of Justice of the European Union

The International Court of Justice

Permanent Court of Arbitration

The General Court

The World Trade Organization

Açıklama:

C) Permanent Court of Arbitration

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 11

I. It's one of the most frequently used settlement methods.
II. With the approval of the parties, third parties may also join the meetings.
III. Multilateral negotiations usually take place under the name of conference or congress.
Which of the above is correct regarding diplomatic negotiation?

Only I

Only II

I and II

II and III

I, II and III

Açıklama:

In international law, negotiation is also carried out as diplomatic negotiation, and this method is one of the most frequently used settlement methods. Negotiations usually take place only with the participation of the parties. But with the approval of the parties, third parties may also join the meeting. Multilateral negotiations usually take place under the name of conference or congress.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 12

I. The parties have the right to reject the third party's proposals if there is no agreement on the contrary.
II. Technical good offices provide the necessary convenience and services for the meeting.
III. The negotiation between Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus and Greek Administration of Southern Cyprus can be given as an example of good offices method.
Which of the above is correct regarding the good offices?

Only I

Only II

I and II

II and III

I, II and III

Açıklama:

In the good offices process, the parties have the right to reject the third party’s proposals if there is no agreement on the contrary. It can be said that the good offices is divided into two parts as the technical good offices that provides the necessary convenience and services for the meeting and the political good offices where approximation works are carried out to ensure the negotiations of the parties. At the start of the negotiations between the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) and the Greek Administration of Southern Cyprus (GASC), the initiatives of the Secretary-General of the United Nations can be given as an example of the good offices method.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 13

What is the name of the method of the assistance of the international organization, the third state or a person in order to participate in the negotiations on the dispute resolution of the states that are parties to the dispute and to resolve the disputes?

Diplomatic Negotiation

Good Offices

Mediation

Conciliation

Investigation

Açıklama:

In mediation, there is a third person referred to as a mediator The assistance of the international organization, the third state or a person in order to participate in the negotiations on the dispute resolution of the states that are parties to the dispute and to
resolve the disputes.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 14

I. Conciliation commissions generally consist of three or five people.
II. The objective is to determine disputes, to reduce tension or to encourage the negotiations of the parties.
III. The commissions selected before the dispute arises are permanent commissions and are selected for three or five years.
Which of the above is correct regarding the conciliation?

Only I

Only II

I and II

II and III

I, II and III

Açıklama:

It can be accepted that the main objectives of the method of conciliation are to determine disputes, to reduce tension, to encourage the negotiations of the parties, and to establish communication between the parties. Conciliation commissions generally consist of three or five people. After one or two members of the commission are selected by the parties to the dispute, the remaining members are selected by the parties or left to the selection of the selected commission members. The commissions selected before the dispute arises are permanent commissions and are selected for three or five years.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 15

I. To obtain the necessary data to make a decision about dispute by international organisations,
II. To determine whether the parties comply with an agreement between the parties,
III. To reach concrete information to find a solution about the dispute.
Which of the above is used in the investigation method?

Only I

Only II

I and II

II and III

I, II and III

Açıklama:

The investigation method is used for three purposes. These are:
• Obtaining the necessary data to make a decision about dispute by international organizations,
• Determining whether the parties comply with an agreement between the parties,
• Reaching concrete information to find a solution about the dispute.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 16

I. It consists of the General Secretary and assistants.
II. It is a permanent body that works to assist in setting up ad hoc courts for disputes.
III. It appears to choose external members, not from the members nominated by the states parties, in the selection of arbitrators.
Which of the above is correct regarding the International Bureau?

Only I

Only II

I and II

II and III

I, II and III

Açıklama:

The International Bureau consists of the General Secretary and assistants. The Bureau is a permanent body that works to assist in setting up ad hoc courts for disputes, to keep the list of arbitrators, to receive requests from arbitrators, to provide space and staff. However, the Permanent Court of Arbitration appears to choose external members, not from the members nominated by the states parties, in the selection of arbitrators.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 17

I. It is not mandatory to be a party to the Hague Conventions to apply.
II. If no language determination has been made, the Court may select the language to be used.
III. If the legal rules are not determined by the parties, arbitration proceedings will be made according to the international law.
Which of the above is correct regarding the procedure of the Permanent Course of Arbitration?

Only I

Only II

I and II

II and III

I, II and III

Açıklama:

It is not mandatory to be a party to the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 in order to apply to the Permanent Court of Arbitration. If the legal rules are not determined by the parties, arbitration proceedings will be made according to the international law. The language to be used in arbitration is determined by the parties. However, if no language determination has been made, the Permanent Court of Arbitration may select the language to be used.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 18

What is the name of the organisation that was established due to the need for an independent and impartial tribunal for the resolution of disputes between states after the First World War?

The International Court of Justice

The Permanent Court of Arbitration

The General Court

The Court of Justice of the European Union

World Trade Organisation

Açıklama:

The International Court of Justice: It was established due to the need for an independent and impartial tribunal for the resolution of disputes between states after the First World War as Permanent Court of International Justice, it is one of the main organs of the United Nations that replaced this Court with the establishment of the United Nations after the Second World War.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 19

I. After the dispute arises, states will be able to apply to the ICJ with a special agreement.
II. States may have authorised the ICJ regarding the resolution of disputes that may arise in international treaties between them.
III. If a state makes a unilateral application regarding an existing dispute, then the counter-party accepts the authority of the ICJ.
Which of the above is correct regarding the cases where states can authorise the International Court of Justice?

Only I

Only II

I and II

II and III

I, II and III

Açıklama:

States can authorize the ICJ for the case in the following ways:
• After the dispute arises, states will be able to apply to the ICJ with a special agreement. The arbitration must include the parties and the subject of the dispute. The arbitration can be in the form of a single document or as an integral part of the agreement.
• States may have authorized the ICJ regarding the resolution of disputes that may arise in international treaties between them. In this case, the dispute can be brought before the ICJ with one-sided application.
• If a state makes a unilateral application regarding an existing dispute without knowing whether the other state will accept the authority of the ICJ, if the other state does not recognize the authority of the ICJ but participates in the case, then the counter-party also indirectly accepts the authority of the ICJ. This path, in which the authority of the ICJ is recognized, is called the forum prorogatum.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 20

I. Its main objective is to facilitate the circulation of goods and services in international trade.
II. Turkey has been a founding member of the organisation.
III. It has a dispute settlement body that enables its members to take trade disputes to solve them through this body.
Which of the above is correct regarding the World Trade Organisation?

Only I

Only II

I and II

II and III

I, II and III

Açıklama:

The World Trade Organization (WTO), which has the main objectives of facilitating the circulation of goods and services in international trade and of making the legislation related to investment predictable, and whose founders include Turkey, officially started its activities on 1 January 1995. Turkey has been a founding member of the WTO since 26 March 1995 by the decision of the Council of Ministers (The World Trade Organization). One of the most important features of the WTO is that it has a Dispute Settlement Body whose secretariat is located in Geneva, enabling WTO members to take trade disputes to the DSB if they cannot resolve them through bilateral negotiations.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 21

Which one of the following is among the methods of Judicial Settlement Of Disputes?

World Trade Organization

Investigation

Conciliation

Mediation

Good Offices

Açıklama:

the methods of judicial settlement are the Permanent Court of Arbitration, the International Court of Justice, the Court of Justice of the European Union and the World Trade Organization

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 22

Which one of the following is not among the Methods of Peaceful Settlement of Disputes?

Diplomatic Negotiation

Permanent Court of Arbitration

Good Offices

Conciliation

Investigation

Açıklama:

the diplomatic settlement methods are diplomatic negotiation, good
offices, mediation, conciliation and research-investigation

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 23

Which one of the following refers to the discussion or examination of a dispute, a matter, an agreement to be made, or an attempt to take place, between two or more parties, verbally or in writing?

Good Offices

Mediation

Conciliation

Investigation

Diplomatic Negotiation

Açıklama:

In international law, negotiation is also carried
out as diplomatic negotiation, and this method is
one of the most frequently used settlement methods.
A diplomatic negotiation is the discussion or
examination of a dispute, a matter, an agreement to
be made, or an attempt to take place, between two
or more parties, verbally or in writing.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 24

I. Diplomatic Negotiation
II. Good Offices
III. Mediation
In which one(s) of them does a third party serve or help for negatiation?

Only I

Only II

Only III

I-II

II-III

Açıklama:

Good Offices: The friendly service by a
third state or international organization for
the dispute parties to start negotiations and
produce solutions for the purpose of dispute
resolution.
In mediation, there is a third person referred
to as a mediator (Wallace & Martin-Ortega,
2010: 330). M

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 25

In which one of the following methods do the states that are parties to the dispute create an independent commission and ask this commission to examine the issue and bring solutions to them?

Diplomatic Negotiation

Good Offices

Mediation

Conciliation

Investigation

Açıklama:

Conciliation is a peaceful solution method in
which states that are parties to the dispute create an
independent commission and ask this commission
to examine the issue and bring solutions to them
(Wallace & Martin-Ortega, 2010: 330)

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 26

I. Obtaining the necessary data to make a decision about dispute by international organizations
II. Determining whether the parties comply with an agreement between the parties
III. Guiding the parties towards choosing the right method to overcome the dispute
Which one(s) of the following is/are among the purposes the investigation method is used for?

Only I

Only II

Only III

I-II

II-III

Açıklama:

The investigation method is used for three
purposes. These are:
• Obtaining the necessary data to make a
decision about dispute by international
organizations,
• Determining whether the parties comply
with an agreement between the parties,
• Reaching concreteinformation to find a solution about the dispute (Pazarcı, 2018: 495).

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 27

When was the The Permanent Court of Arbitration established?

1900

1904

1908

1910

1912

Açıklama:

The Permanent Court of Arbitration was
established in 1900 and started to work in 1902.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 28

The Members of the Court

The International Bureau

The World Trade Organization

Which one(s) of them is/are among the Permanent Court of Arbitration bodies?

Only I

Only II

Only III

I-II

II-III

Açıklama:

The Permanent Court of Arbitration has three
bodies: the Members of the Court, the International
Bureau, and the Administrative Council.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 29

When was The International Court of Justice established?

1942

1945

1947

1949

1950

Açıklama:

The ICJ was established in June 1945 with the
United Nations Charter and started to work in
April 1946.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 30

Where is The headquarters of the Court of Justice of the European Union?

Belgium

France

Luxembourg

Denmark

Germany

Açıklama:

The headquarters of the Court of Justice
of the European Union is in Luxembourg. It
consists of two structures: the Court of Justice
and the General Court established in 1988.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 31

Which of the following is not one of the "Methods of Peaceful Settlement of Disputes" in international law?

Diplomatic Negotiation

Good Offices

Mediation

Conciliation

World Trade Organization

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 32

"_______ is the discussion or examination of a dispute, a matter, an agreement to be made, or an attempt to take place, between two or more parties, verbally or in writing"
Which of the following can fill in the blank above?

Investigation

Conciliation

Mediation

Diplomatic negotiation

Good Offices

Açıklama:

In international law, negotiation is also carried out as diplomatic negotiation, and this method is one of the most frequently used settlement methods. Diplomatic negotiation is the discussion or examination of a dispute, a matter, an agreement to be made, or an attempt to take place, between two or more parties, verbally or in writing. Negotiations usually take place only with the participation of the parties.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 33

"The friendly service by a third state or international organization for the dispute parties to start negotiations and produce solutions for the purpose of dispute resolution"
Which of the following method is defined above?

Good Offices

Mediation

Conciliation

Investigation

Diplomatic Negotiation

Açıklama:

Good Offices: The friendly service by a third state or international organization for the dispute parties to start negotiations and produce solutions for the purpose of dispute resolution.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 34

"The assistance of the international organization, the third state or a person in order to participate in the negotiations on the dispute resolution of the states that are parties to the dispute and to resolve the disputes"
Which of the following is defined above?

Investigation

Conciliation

Good Offices

Diplomatic Negotiation

Mediation

Açıklama:

Mediation: The assistance of the international organization, the third state, or a person in order to participate in the negotiations on the dispute resolution of the states that are parties to the dispute and to resolve the disputes.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 35

"A peaceful settlement method in which the states that are parties to the dispute create an independent commission and ask this commission to examine the issue and bring solutions to them."
Which of the following is defined above?

Investigation

Ad hoc

Conciliation

Good Offices

Mediation

Açıklama:

Conciliation: A peaceful settlement method in which the states that are parties to the dispute create an independent commission and ask this commission to examine the issue and bring solutions to them.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 36

When did the Article 1 of the Treaty of the United Nations came into force?

1945

1955

1940

1960

1965

Açıklama:

In Article 1 of the Treaty of the United Nations, which came into force in 1945, it has been determined that the goals of the United Nations are: “To maintain international peace and security, and to that end: to take effective collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats to the peace, and for the suppression of acts of aggression or other breaches of the peace, and to bring about by peaceful means, and in conformity with the principles of justice and international law, adjustment or settlement of international disputes or situations which might lead to a breach of the peace”.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 37

Which of the below is one of the Judicial Settlement of Disputes?

Good offices

World Trade Organizations

Mediation

Investigation

Diplomatic negotiation

Açıklama:

Figure 8.1 Settlement Methods in International Disputes on page 215.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 38

"The discussion or examination of a dispute between two or more parties, orally or In writing, at a conference or congress where only the parties participate."
What does the above definition describe?

Good offices

Conciliation

Diplomatic negotiation

Investigation

Mediation

Açıklama:

Diplomatic Negotiation: The discussion or examination of a dispute between two or more parties, orally or in writing, at a conference or congress where only the parties participate.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 39

What does ICJ stand for?

Internal Court of Justice

International Common Justice

International Court of Just

International Cout of Justice

Internal Common Justice

Açıklama:

The International Court of Justice (ICJ): Established due to the need for an independent and impartial tribunal for the resolution of disputes between states after the First World War as Permanent Court of International Justice, it is one of the main organs of the United Nations that replaced this Court with the establishment of the United Nations after the Second World War.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 40

"The activities carried out by an impartial and independent commission appointed with the aim of making an objective determination regarding the disputes between the states parties"
Which of the following is defined above?

Arbitration

Investigation

Conciliation

Mediation

Ad hoc

Açıklama:

Investigation: The activities carried out by an impartial and independent commission appointed with the aim of making an objective determination regarding the disputes between the states parties.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 41

Which of the following is the purpose of the investigation method?

Predicting the length of the dispute

Finding out the cost of the dispute for the parties

Reaching detailed information to make up a leag decision

Obtaining the necessary data to make a decision about dispute by international
organizations

Determining the causes of complying between the parties

Açıklama:

The investigation method is used for three purposes. These are:
• Obtaining the necessary data to make a decision about dispute by international
organizations,
• Determining whether the parties comply with an agreement between the parties,
• Reaching concrete information to find a solution about the dispute

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 42

Which of the below is NOT one of the four ways that States can authorize the ICJ for the case?

special agreement

international treaties

unilateral declaration

forum prorogatum

admissibility

Açıklama:

In the light of these explanations, the ICJ must be authorized by the states parties in the four ways above in order to be able to deal with a particular dispute. When the application is made, it is primarily decided by the ICJ whether it is authorized, that is, the admissibility of the case. If not authorized, the ICJ will not be able to take action.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 43

Where is the Court of Justice of the European Union located?

Luxembourg

London

Paris

Brussels

Amsterdam

Açıklama:

The headquarters of the Court of Justice of the European Union is in Luxembourg.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 44

Determination

Arbitration

Motivation

Conciliation

Investigation

Açıklama:

Arbitration: A solution method in which the resolution of the dispute is decided by the independent and impartial third person or persons called the arbitrator instead of the state court trial and the final decision is binding.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 45

Before Brexit, how many judges had been in the Court of Justice?

Açıklama:

The Court of Justice consists of 27 judges and 11 advocate generals. The Court of Justice earlier had 28 judges. With the separation of the United Kingdom from the EU on January 31, 2020, the number of judges in the Court decreased to 27. Judges and advocate generals are appointed for a renewable six-year term with joint agreement of the governments of the member states.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 46

What does WTO stand for?

Wild Training Organization

World Train Organization

World Trade Organization

World Trade Opinions

Wild Train Organization

Açıklama:

The World Trade Organization (WTO): It is an international organization that officially started its activities on January 1, 1995, with the main objectives such as facilitating the circulation of goods and services in international trade and predictability of investment related legislation.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 47

When was permanent court of arbitration established?

at 1910

at 1980

at 1880

at 1900

at 2000

Açıklama:

Permanent Court of Arbitration: The judicial body, which was established in 1900 with the Hague Convention for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes of 1899, can be applied both in terms of interstate disputes and commercial and investment disputes where one side is the state and the other is a private entity.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 48

"The friendly service by a third state or international organization for the dispute parties to start negotiations and produce solutions for the purpose of dispute resolution."
What does the above definition describe?

Investigation

Conciliation

Mediation

Diplomatic negotiation

Good offices

Açıklama:

Good Offices: The friendly service by a third state or international organization for the dispute parties to start negotiations and produce solutions for the purpose of dispute resolution.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 49

Which of the following is not true about the "Permanent Court of Arbitration"?

It is a judicial body

It was established in 1950

It can be applied in interstate disputes

It can be applied in commercial and investment disputes

It can be applied in the cases in which one side is the state and the other is a private entity

Açıklama:

Permanent Court of Arbitration is the judicial body, which was established in 1900 with the Hague Convention for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes of 1899, and it can be applied both in terms of interstate disputes and commercial and investment disputes where one side is the state and the other is a private entity.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 50

Which of the following is not true about "Court of Justice of the European
Union"?

The General Court was established in 1952

It is a judicial body

It is headquartered in Luxembourg

It consists of the Court of Justice and the General Court

It aims to ensure the interpretation and implementation of European Union law

Açıklama:

Court of Justice of the European Union is a judicial body, headquartered in Luxembourg, consisting of two structures: the Court of Justice and the General Court in 1988, which was established in 1952 to ensure the interpretation and
implementation of European Union law.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 51

Which of the following is NOT one of the non-judicial peaceful settlement methods?

Conciliation

Good offices

Meditation

Negotiation

Investigation

Açıklama:

The correct choice is C. It is not "meditation" but "mediation".

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 52

Which of the following refers to the discussion or examination of a dispute, a matter, an agreement to be made, or an attempt to take place between two or more parties?

Conciliation

Diplomatic Negotiation

Mediation

Investigation

Good offices

Açıklama:

The correct choice is B.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 53

Zurich Protocol, which was signed between Turkey and Armenia in 2009, is an example of the method of negotiation aimed at _____.
Which of the following completes the above sentence correctly?

extending an agreement between states

regulating the changes after a war

revealing new formations

joining an international organization

resolving international disputes

Açıklama:

The correct choice is E.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 54

Which of the following refers to the situation in which a third state or international organization provides friendly services to the parties to the dispute for the purpose of resolving disputes?

Diplomatic negotiation

Conciliation

Good offices

Mediation

Investigation

Açıklama:

The correct choice is C.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 55

Which of the following refers to the participation of an International organization, a third state or one person in negotiations with the states that are parties to a dispute in order to resolve their disputes?

Conciliation

Negotiation

Good offices

Mediation

Investigation

Açıklama:

The correct choice is D.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 56

I. Mediation begins where the good offices ends.
II. A third person participates in the negotiations.
III. One party loses while the other wins.
IV. Decision making lies within the parties.
V. A political effect is added to the conflict.
Which of the above is NOT correct about mediation?

III

Açıklama:

The correct choice is C.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 57

Which of the following refers to a peaceful settlement method in which states that are parties to a dispute create an independent commission and ask this commission to bring solutions to them by examining the issue?

Conciliation

Diplomatic negotiation

Mediation

Good offices

Investigation

Açıklama:

The correct choice is A.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 58

Which of the following refers to the activities carried out by an impartial and independent commission appointed with the aim of making objective determination regarding the disputes between states?

Conciliation

Diplomatic negotiation

Good offices

Investigation

Mediation

Açıklama:

The correct choice is D.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 59

When was the Permanent Court of Arbitration established?

In 1899

In 1900

In 1902

In 1907

In 1909

Açıklama:

The correct choice is A.The Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) was established in 1899 as a result of the first Hague Peace Conference held in the same year. It was created to facilitate arbitration and other forms of dispute resolution between states, organizations, and private parties.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 60

Which of the following refers to the solution method in which the resolution of the dispute is decided by the independent and impartial third person?

Arbitration

Conciliation

Negotiation

Investigation

Mediation

Açıklama:

The correct choice is A.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 61

Which of the followings is correct pertaining to international dispute resolutions?

International disputes are the disputes only between the countries in the same region.

United Nations decides on the dispute resolution methods.

Judicial solution methods are not binding by nature.

Mediation is one of the judicial solution methods.

Diplomatic solution methods are generally non-binding.

Açıklama:

Page 215.
International disputes are disputes arising in the international arena and between international legal persons. The resolution of international disputes can be examined in two ways: Diplomatic (peaceful) and judicial method. The parties decide on the dispute resolution methods. It can be said that diplomatic solution methods are generally non-binding, but judicial solution methods are binding.
Diplomatic settlement methods are diplomatic negotiation, good offices, mediation, conciliation and research-investigation, which are also called peaceful solution methods, the methods of judicial settlement which are the Permanent Court of Arbitration, the International Court of Justice, the Court of Justice of the European Union and the World Trade Organization.
Therefore, the correct option is E.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 62

Which of the followings refers to the discussion or examination of a dispute, a matter, an agreement to be made, or an attempt to take place, between two or more parties, verbally or in writing?

Investigation.

Mediation.

Conciliation.

Diplomatic negotiations.

Good Offices.

Açıklama:

Page 216.
In international law, negotiation is also carried out as diplomatic negotiation, and this method is one of the most frequently used settlement methods. A diplomatic negotiation is the discussion or examination of a dispute, a matter, an agreement to be made, or an attempt to take place, between two or more parties, verbally or in writing. Negotiations usually take place only with the participation of the parties. But with the approval of the parties, third parties may also join the meeting. Multilateral negotiations usually take place under the name of conference or congress. If there is no agreement or an acceptable tradition regarding the resolution of disputes between the parties, it is not possible to mention the necessity of reaching a conclusion. In other words, there is no obligation to reach a solution as a result of the meeting. Therefore, the correct option is D.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 63

Which of the followings refers to the assistance of the international organization, the third state or a person in order to participate in the negotiations on the dispute resolution of the states that are parties to the dispute and to resolve the disputes?

Investigation.

Mediation.

Conciliation.

Diplomatic Negotiation.

Good Offices.

Açıklama:

Page 218.
Mediation: The assistance of the international organization, the third state or a person in order to participate in the negotiations on the dispute resolution of the states that are parties to the dispute and to resolve the disputes.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 64

Which of the followings is correct pertaining to good offices process?

It is always a prerequisite before applying to the judiciary.

It is the discussion or examination of a dispute between two or more parties, orally or in writing.

Parties have the right to reject the third party’s proposals.

Parties cannot be advised by other states.

Third party always has to participate in the negotiations to be held between the parties.

Açıklama:

Page 217.
In the good offices process, the parties have the right to reject the third party’s proposals if there is no agreement on the contrary. It can be said that the good offices is divided into two parts as the technical good offices that provides the necessary convenience and services for the meeting and the political good offices where approximation works are carried out to ensure the negotiations of the parties. The third party does not participate in the negotiations to be held between the parties, and with the start of the negotiations, the third party’s duty ends. Therefore, the correct option is C.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 65

Which of the followings is Annan Plan process in the Cyprus Negotiations an example of?

Investigation.

Mediation.

Conciliation.

Diplomatic Negotiation.

Good Offices.

Açıklama:

Page 218.
An example of the mediation method is the Annan Plan process in the Cyprus Negotiations. Kofi Annan, UN Secretary General in 2004, brought together the parties and facilitated negotiations as a mediator as the highest representative of the United Nations. As a result of the meetings attended by the mediator, a plan was prepared for the construction of a single state by eliminating the two-headed structure on the island. Therefore, the correct option is B.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 66

Which of the followings refers to the peaceful solution method in which states that are parties to the dispute create an independent commission and ask this commission to examine the issue and bring solutions to them?

Investigation.

Mediation.

Conciliation.

Diplomatic Negotiation.

Good Offices.

Açıklama:

Page 218.
Conciliation is a peaceful solution method in which states that are parties to the dispute create an independent commission and ask this commission to examine the issue and bring solutions to them. It can be accepted that the main objectives of the method of conciliation are to determine disputes, to reduce tension, to encourage the negotiations of the parties, and to establish communication between the parties. Therefore, the correct option is C.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 67

which of the followings is directly related to investigation process in international dispute resolutions?

International Fact Finding Mission.

International Court of Justice.

World Trade Organization.

Court of Justice of the European Union.

Permanent Court of Arbitration.

Açıklama:

Page 220.
The method of investigation in dispute resolution is applied because of the necessity of collecting and examining data by an impartial institution due to the presence of incidents requiring technical expertise as the facts do not emerge without examination and investigation in some disputes. The most recent example of the investigation is the establishment of the International Fact Finding Mission, established by the United Nations Human Rights Council on June 2, 2010, on the May 31, 2010 attack on the convoy that brought humanitarian aid to Gaza by the Israeli soldiers. Therefore, the correct option is A.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 68

Which of the followings refers to the solution method in which the resolution of the dispute is decided by the independent and impartial third person or persons called the arbitrator instead of the state court trial and the final decision is binding?

Arbitration.

Ad hoc.

International treaty.

Investigation.

Conciliation.

Açıklama:

Page 221.
Arbitration: A solution method in which the resolution of the dispute is decided by the independent and impartial third person or persons called the arbitrator instead of the state court trial and the final decision is binding. Therefore, the correct option is A.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 69

Which of the followings is correct pertaining to Permanent Court of Arbitration?

Parties cannot add an arbitration clause to the pre-dispute agreement to resolve their disputes by the arbitrator method.

The adjudication process in arbitration shall be conducted only in written form.

The language which shall be used in arbitration has to be English, French, or German by default.

It is compulsory to be a party to the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 to apply to the Permanent Court of Arbitration.

The rules will be decided by the parties prior to the arbitration process.

Açıklama:

Page 221.
Persons who may be parties to the dispute before the court are two or more states, two or more international organizations, state and real or legal persons, international organizations and real or legal persons. It is not mandatory to be a party to the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 in order to apply to the Permanent Court of Arbitration. The parties may add an arbitration clause to the pre-dispute agreement to resolve their disputes by the arbitrator method, or may make an arbitration agreement after the dispute occurs. The rules will be decided by the parties during the arbitration process. If the legal rules are not determined by the parties, arbitration proceedings will be made according to the international law. The language to be used in arbitration is determined by the parties. However, if no language determination has been made, the Permanent Court of Arbitration may select the language to be used. The adjudication process in arbitration is conducted in two stages:; written and oral. Therefore, the correct option is D.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 70

Which of the followings is the first stage of World Trade Organization trial?

Admission.

Appeal.

Application.

Mediation.

Negotiation.

Açıklama:

Page 226.
The first stage of the WTO trial is negotiation. If no result is obtained from this stage, it is possible for the complainant state to request a panel for the settlement of the dispute. Members are selected among the persons in the secretariat by the member states, a panel is formed, and a trial is held. The party, who does not find the panel decision correct, can take this decision against the permanent appeal body within the WTO, and the authority examines the compliance of the relevant decision with the WTO legislation. In order for the approved decision to become binding, DSB must accept this decision and it is sufficient for only one member state to vote for acceptance. The member state that is decided against is obliged to fulfill the requirements of this decision or it may face serious sanctions such as suspension of the privileges provided by the WTO. Therefore, the correct option is E.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 71

Whose main goal is "to maintain international peace and security, and to that end: to take effective collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats to the peace?"

European Union

United Nations

World trade organisation

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Shanghai Cooperation Organisation

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 72

Which of the given belov is not one of the non-judicial peaceful settlement methods?

Diplomatic negotiation

Mediation

Meditation

Conciliation

Good offices

Açıklama:

Diplomatic settlement methods that we can call non-judicial peaceful settlement methods are diplomatic negotiation, good offices, mediation, conciliation and research-investigation. The purpose of these methods is to enable the parties to come together to discuss and resolve their disputes and to find solutions.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 73

What term defines the discussion or examination of a dispute, a matter, an agreement to be made, or an attempt to take place, between two or more parties?

Diplomatic negotiation

Good offices

Mediation

Conciliation

Research-investigation

Açıklama:

In international law, negotiation is also carried out as diplomatic negotiation, and this method is one of the most frequently used settlement methods. A diplomatic negotiation is the discussion or examination of a dispute, a matter, an agreement to
be made, or an attempt to take place, between two or more parties, verbally or in writing.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 74

What is the name of branch defined as "the assistance of the international organization, the third state or a person in order to participate in the negotiations?"

Good offices

Mediation

Diplomatic negotiation

Conciliation

Investigation

Açıklama:

The assistance of the international organization, the third state or a person in order to participate in the negotiations on the dispute resolution of the states that are parties to the dispute and to resolve the disputes.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 75

Which of the given is the peaceful solution method in which states that are parties to the dispute create an independent commission?

Good Offices

Mediation

Diplomatic Negotiation

Investigation

Conciliation

Açıklama:

Conciliation is a peaceful solution method in which states that are parties to the dispute create an independent commission and ask this commission to examine the issue and bring solutions to them.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 76

What is the name of the activities carried out by the commission, commissioned to make objective determinations regarding the disputes between the states?

Conciliation

Investigation

Mediation

Good offices

Diplomatic negotiation

Açıklama:

The investigation is the activities carried out by the commission, commissioned to make objective determinations regarding the disputes between the states. During the investigation by the commission, the activities of listening to witnesses, visiting the place of dispute, and making necessary determinations are carried out.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 77

When did the The Permanent Court of Arbitration was established?

1491

1902

1900

1789

1923

Açıklama:

The Permanent Court of Arbitration was established in 1900 and started to work in 1902. In 1907, the second Hague Convention for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes Agreement was adopted.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 78

Which of the given is a body of The Permanent Court of Arbitration?

International Bureau

Negotiation Block

National Bureau

International Court

National Embassy

Açıklama:

The Permanent Court of Arbitration has three bodies: the Members of the Court, the International Bureau, and the Administrative Council.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 79

Which of the given is established due to the need for an independent and impartial tribunal for the resolution of disputes between states?

Central intelligence agency

Federal Bureau of Investigation

The International Court of Justice

Permanent Court of Arbitration

The Administrative Council

Açıklama:

Established due to the need for an independent and impartial tribunal for the resolution of disputes between states after the First World War as Permanent Court of International Justice, it is one of the main organs of the United Nations that replaced
this Court with the establishment of the United Nations after the Second World War.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 80

Where is the headquarters of the Court of Justice of the European Union?

Brussels

Luxembourg

Vaduz

Berlin

Paris

Açıklama:

The headquarters of the Court of Justice of the European Union is in Luxembourg. It
consists of two structures: the Court of Justice and the General Court established in 1988. The Civil Service Tribunal, which was established in 2004 within the structure of the Court of Justice of the European Union

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 81

Diplomatic negotiation
International Court of Justice
Concilliation
Investigation
World Trade Organization

Which is among the methods of peaceful settlement of international disputes?

I, III and IV

II, IV and V

I, II and III

II, III and IV

I, III and V

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 82

Begotiations between two states to establish diplomatic relations and to normalize the relations.
Negotiations that usually take place after wars, which regulate the changing of sovereignty and influence regions.
Negotiations to reveal new formations.
Negotiations aimed at extending an agreement between states.

Which are among the types of diplomatic negotiations?

I, II and III

I, III and IV

I, II and IV

II, III and IV

I, II, III and IV

Açıklama:

Looking at the diplomatic negotiations held to date, the types of negotiation methods can be examined under four types. The first is the negotiations between the two states to establish diplomatic relations and to normalize the relations. The second is the negotiations that usually take place after wars, which regulate the changing of sovereignty and influence regions. The third is the negotiations to reveal new formations. Negotiations between Israel and Palestine are examples of this method. The fourth method of negotiation is the negotiations aimed at extending an agreement between the states.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 83

Which concept refers to the friendly service by a third state or international organization for the dispute parties to start negotiations and produce solutions for the purpose of dispute resolution?

Good offices

Diplomatic negotiation

Mediation

Concilliation

Investigation

Açıklama:

Good Offices: The friendly service by a third state or international organization for the dispute parties to start negotiations and produce solutions for the purpose of dispute resolution.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 84

Which refers to the discussion or examination of a dispute between two or more parties, orally or in writing, at a conference or congress where only the parties participate?

Mediation

Good offices

Diplomatic negotiation

Concilliation

Investigation

Açıklama:

Diplomatic Negotiation: The discussion or examination of a dispute between two or more parties, orally or in writing, at a conference or congress where only the parties participate.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 85

Which refers to a peaceful settlement method in which the states that are parties to the dispute create an independent commission and ask this commission to examine the issue and bring solutions to them?

Investigation

Mediation

Good offices

Conciliation

Investigation

Açıklama:

Conciliation: A peaceful settlement method in which the states that are parties to the dispute create an independent commission and ask this commission to examine the issue and bring solutions to them.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 86

Which refers to the activities carried out by an impartial and independent commission appointed with the aim of making objective determination regarding the disputes between the states parties?

Investigation

Concilliary

Mediation

Diplomatic Negotiation

Good offices

Açıklama:

Investigation: The activities carried out by an impartial and independent commission appointed with the aim of making objective determination regarding the disputes between the states parties

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 87

Which refers to the assistance of the international organization, the third state or a person in order to participate in the negotiations on the dispute resolution of the states that are parties to the dispute and to resolve the disputes?

Mediation

Diplomatic negotiation

Good offices

Concilliation

Investigation

Açıklama:

Mediation: The assistance of the international organization, the third state or a person in order to participate in the negotiations on the dispute resolution of the states that are parties to the dispute and to resolve the disputes.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 88

Which refers to a solution method in which the resolution of the dispute is decided by the independent and impartial third person or persons called the arbitrator instead of the state court trial and the final decision is binding?

Diplomatic negotiation

Arbitration

Mediation

Good offices

Concilliation

Açıklama:

Arbitration: A solution method in which the resolution of the dispute is decided by the independent and impartial third person or persons called the arbitrator instead of the state court trial and the final decision is binding.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 89

Court of Justice of the European Union
Permanent Court of Arbitration
World Trade Organization
International Court of Justice

Which is a among the methods of judicial settlement of international disputes?

I, II and III

I, II and IV

I, III and IV

II, III and IV

I, II, III and IV

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 90

Which of the following was established due to the need for an independent and impartial tribunal for the resolution of disputes between states after the First World War as Permanent Court of International Justice and is one of the main organs of the United Nations that replaced this Court with the establishment of the United Nations after the Second World War?

Permanent Court of Arbitration

The International Court of Justice

The Court of Justice of the European Union

World Trade Organization

United Nations

Açıklama:

The International Court of Justice: Established due to the need for an independent and impartial tribunal for the resolution of disputes between states after the First World War as Permanent Court of International Justice, it is one of the main organs of the United Nations that replaced this Court with the establishment of the United Nations after the Second World War.

Doğru Cevap: B

Global Polıtıcal Economy (ENG) - Tüm Sorular

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