Operatıons Management (ENG) - İşletme (İngilizce)

Ünite 1

Soru 1

“Jobs or tasks consisting of one or more elements or subtasks, performed typically in one location”.
Which option has a relevance with the given definition?

Operations

Goods

Service

Management

Manufacturing

Açıklama:

Operations is responsible for the production of goods and services. According to the Business Dictionary website, operations are defined as “Jobs or tasks consisting of one or more elements or subtasks, performed typically in one location”.The correct answer is "A".

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 2

I.Right Quality
II.Right Quantity
III.Right Time
IV.Right Manufacturing Cost
V.Efficiency
VI.Effectiveness
What are the main objectives of operations/production management?

I,II,III,IV,V

I,II,III,IV

I,III,V,

I,II,III,VI

II,IV,V,VI

Açıklama:

The main objective of operations/production management is the production of goods and services of right quality and quantity at the right time and right manufacturing cost.In companies, it is desired to manage all the operations effectively and efficiently.The correct answer is "B".

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 3

I.Physical
II.Chemical
III.Locational
IV.Exchange
V.Psychological
VI.Informational
Which are the forms of the transformation process?

I,III,V,VI

II,IV,V,VI

I,II,III,IV,V,VI

IV,V,VI

I,II,III,VI

Açıklama:

The transformation process can take all the given forms. The correct answer is "C".

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 4

I.Reduced the time required to assemble a car
II.Workers made a small amount work
III.Made the price of it affordable for the average person
IV.Developed the concept of mass production
V. Made the inventory control and materials management available
What are the advantages of the production Model T made by Henry Ford in 1913?

I,II,III,IV,V

I,II,III

I,III,IV,V

II,III,V

II,III,IV,V

Açıklama:

All the given options are the advantages of Model T. The correct option is "A".

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 5

When did a new phase of quality control and management begin by Japanese companies, known as Total Quality Management?

1970s -1980s

1920s -1930s

1963s -1973s

1913s-1914s

1980s -1990s

Açıklama:

In the 1980s to the 1990s, a new phase of quality control and management began by Japanese companies, known as Total Quality Management. The correct option is "E".

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 6

I.Coordination of the relationship between the company and the suppliers
II.Globalization of supplier, production and distribution networks III.Increased co-production of goods and services
IV.Necessity of shortening the product development phase V.Being aware of the power of operations in a company as a competitive weapon
Which are the challenges that operations management faces in the field?

I,II,V

II,III,IV,V

I,II,III,IV,V

III,IV,V

I,II,III,IV

Açıklama:

All of them represent the challenges that operations management faces in the field.The correct option is "C".

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 7

"__________ is responsible for purchasing the highest quality equipment and products at the lowest possible cost for the organization and also responsible for managing purchasing, inventory control functions, shipping and receiving, also planning and administering department budgets." Which activity of the scope of operations management does this definition belong to?

Material Handling

Maintenance Management

Quality Control

Materials Management

Product Design

Açıklama:

Materials management is responsible for purchasing the highest quality equipment and products at the lowest possible cost for the organization and also responsible for managing purchasing, inventory control functions, shipping and receiving, also planning and administering department budgets.The correct option is "D".

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 8

I.Maintenance Management II.Locations of Facilities III.Plant Layout & Material Handling IV.Quality Control V.Process Design VI.E-Business Which of them are the activities of the scope of operations management?

I,II,III,IV,V,VI

II,IV,V,VI

I,III,V,

I,II,III,IV,V

I,II,IV

Açıklama:

Due to the rapid changes, operations management faces many challenges in the field."Increasing importance of e-business" is one of these challenges.The other options are the activities of the scope of operations management. The correct option is "D".

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 9

"______ is the continuous movement of products through the production process and when one task is finished the next task starts immediately."
Which process is defined in the statement?

Job-shop process

Flow process

Cellular process

Project process

Production process

Açıklama:

Flow process is the continuous movement of products through the production process and when one task is finished the next task starts immediately.The correct option is "B".

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 10

Which systems use much less of certain resources such as space, inventory and workers than typical mass production systems use to produce a comparable amount of output?

Lean

Supply Chain Management

Business Process Reengineering

Total Quality Management

Agile Manufacturing

Açıklama:

Lean systems use much less of certain resources such as space, inventory and workers than typical mass production systems use to produce a comparable amount of output.The sorrect answer is "A".

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 11

What is the name of the business function that plans, organizes, coordinates and controls the resources needed to produce a company’s goods and services?

Operations

Goods

Service

Operations management

Right quality

Açıklama:

Operations management is the business function that plans, organizes, coordinates and controls the resources needed to produce a company’s goods and services. In other words, operations management designs, operates and improves production systems to get work performed. The correct answer is "D".

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 12

What is established based upon the customers’ needs and requirements?

The quality of a product

The quantity of a product

Right Time

Right Manufacturing Cost

The production department

Açıklama:

The quality of a product is established based upon the customers’ needs and requirements. The right quality does not mean the highest and the best quality. Quality is determined by the cost of the product and the technical specifications as suited to the specific requirements. The correct answer is "A".

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 13

Which one is not one of the primary functions of an organization?

Marketing

Finance

Operations

Human resources

Customer’s needs

Açıklama:

The four primary functions of an organization are marketing, finance, operations and human resources. The degree of importance of these functions can vary from one organization to another. The correct answer is "E".

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 14

Which of the following principles are included in Total Quality Management (TQM)?
I. Customer satisfaction
II. Involvement of all employees
III. Continuous improvement
IV. Training of workers

I, II, III

I, II, IV

I, III, IV

II, III, IV

I, II, III, IV

Açıklama:

In the 1980s and 1990s Japanese companies started to apply a new phase of quality control and management known as Total Quality Management (TQM) including principles such as customer focus, involvement of all employees, continuous improvement, training of workers. The correct answer is "E".

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 15

Which of the followings are the challenges that operations management faces?
I. Coordination of the relationship betweenthe company and the suppliers
II. Globalization of supplier, production and distribution networks
III. Increased co-production of goods and services
IV. Managing customer contact
V. Increasing importance of e-business

I, II, III, IV

I, II, IV, V

I, III, IV, V

II, III, IV, V

I, II, III, IV, V

Açıklama:

Coordination of the relationship betweenthe company and the suppliers, Globalization of supplier, production and distribution networks, Increased co-production of goods and services, Managing customer contact, Increasing importance of e-business, Managing customer contact and Being aware of the power of operations in a company as a competitive weapon are some challenges that operations management faces.The correct answer is "E".

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 16

Which term is used for the system that is used to assure desired level of quality in operations in a company?

Material handling

Operations management

Quality control

Maintenance management

Process design

Açıklama:

Quality control is a type of system which is used to assure the required level of quality in operations in a company. The correct answer is "C".

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 17

What kind of flow process is it if the production is for 24 hours and 365 days of a year?

Repetitive flow process

Continuous flow process

Discrete flow process

Disconnected flow process

Batch flow process

Açıklama:

Continuous flow processes are used when a process runs all day for each day of the year on a continuous basis. In other words, it is for 24 hours and 365 days of a year. The correct answer is "B".

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 18

What term is used for 'the production of large, expensive, customized products one at a time in a long time period' ?

Flow process

Job-shop process

Cellular process

Project process

Batch flow process

Açıklama:

Project process is the production of large, expensive, customized products one at a time in a long time period. The correct answer is "D".

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 19

What term is used for working continuously on eliminating all forms of waste that do not add any value to customer from the production process?

Lean production

Supply chain management

Business process reengineering

Agile manufacturing

Mass customization

Açıklama:

Lean production is to work continuously on eliminating all forms of waste that do not add any value to customer, from the production process. The correct answer is "A".

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 20

____________ is a data-driven approach and continuous improvement methodology for eliminating defects in a product, process or service.
Which term can be put in the blank?

E-manufacturing

Computer-integrated manufacturing

Six sigma

Total quality management

Agile manufacturing

Açıklama:

Six Sigma is a data-driven approach and continuous improvement methodology for eliminating defects in a product, process or service. Six Sigma emphasizes both cycle-time improvement and reducing manufacturing defects to a level of no more than 3.4 occurrences per million units or events. The correct answer is "C".

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 21

Which of the following statements is not a main objective of operations/production management?

production of goods and services in right quality

production of goods and services in right quantity

production of goods and services in a right time

production of goods and services in a right manufacturing cost

production of goods and services from the cheapest materials

Açıklama:

The main objective of operations/production management is the production of goods and
services of right quality and quantity at the right time and right manufacturing cost.
the right answer is E.
production of goods and services from the cheapest materials

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 22

Which of the following is not a main input of operations system?

raw material

capital

labor

land

goods

Açıklama:

The main inputs of operations management are:
Raw Materials
Capital
Labor
Land
Machine & Technology
Energy
Knowledge
Entrepreneurship
Management.
goods and services are outputs of the system.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 23

Which of the following is not a material resource?

facility

equipment

inventories

supplies

goods and services

Açıklama:

Material resources are the facilities and materials like equipment, inventories and supplies.
goods and services

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 24

Which of the following statements about the main charateristics of production of services is correct?

It can be separated from the consumer both in space and in time

output of the system can be stored for later use

the system usually rely heavily on raw material inputs

measurement of the system can be more straightforward

input variability is very high

Açıklama:

Service operations’ inputs variability is greater than the manufacturing operations’.
Each customers’ needs and requirements can be different from each other in service operations such as repairment of the autosor treatment of the patients. Manufacturing operations often have a greater ability to control the amount of variability of inputs and thus achieve low variability in outputs. Inputs variability is very high in service production.
input variability is very high

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 25

Which of the following statements about the main charateristics of service production is correct?

customer contact in space is low

Labor content is low

Output is tangible

too much inventory

Customer contact in time is rare

Açıklama:

here in below you can see the main characteristics of service production.

Customer contact in space is high

Uniformity of input is low

Labor content is high

Uniformity of output is low

Output is intangible

Measurement of productivity is difficult

Raw material intensity is low

Inventory is little

Customer contact in time is frequent.

Customer contact in time is rare

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 26

Which of the activities below is not a part of Operation Management?

materials management

product design

process design

quality control

marketing

Açıklama:

The scope of operations management,includes many activities such as product design, process and technology selection, job design, location of facilities, plant layout and material handling, production planning and control, quality control, forecasting, capacity planning, scheduling, inventory control, maintenance, materials management, distribution and logistics and after sales service.
marketing

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 27

Which of the followings is not a process type?

Flow

job-shop

continuous

project

mass

Açıklama:

Processes can be classified according to physical configuration, material and product flow, product
variation and volume expectation. Processes are classified according to product flow and volume expectations into the following four categories:
1. Flow processes
2. Job-shop processes
3. Cellular processes
4. Project processes
mass

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 28

Which of the following is not the end result of Business Process Reengineering?

changes the focus of the company values more on customer needs and requirements

recreates core business processes by information technology

reorganizes a business into cross-functional teams by full responsibility

rethinks issues related to organization and personnel

focuses on minimization of cost

Açıklama:

Business Process Reengineering (BPR) seeks to make radical changes and redesign almost all core
business processes of the company achieve dramatic improvements in productivity and quality. Minimization cost and maximizing profits is the main aim of all company.
BPR starts a dramatic change in the business
processes and
• changes the focus of the company values
more on customer needs and requirements,
• recreating core business processes by
information technology,
• reorganizes a business into cross-functional
teams by full responsibility,
• rethinks issues related to organization and
personnel,
• improves business processes across the
organization
focuses on minimization of cost

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 29

Which of the items below is not an element of Agile manufacturing?

Fully Connected Information Technology

Corporate Partners

Knowledge Culture

Full Company Involvement

Cellular Product Design

Açıklama:

There are five key elements of agile manufacturing:

Modular Product Design

Fully Connected Information Technology

Corporate Partners

Knowledge Culture

Full Company Involvement

Cellular Product Design

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 30

Which of the following is not a type of mass customization?

Collaborative customization

Adaptive customization

Transparent customization

cosmetic customization

Esthetics customization

Açıklama:

There are four primary types of mass customization which move mass production to a new level:

Collaborative customization

Adaptive customization

Transparent customization

Cosmetic customization

Esthetics customization

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 31

Which of the following is NOT a condition in managing the production of goods and services?

Right quantity

Right time

Right place

Right quality

Right manufacturing cost

Açıklama:

The main objective of operations/production management is the production of goods and services of right quality and quantity at the right time and right manufacturing cost.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 32

"________________ means doing the right things to create the most value for the company."
Which of the following options fills in the gap correctly?

Validity

Effectiveness

Profitability

Efficiency

Productivity

Açıklama:

Effectiveness means doing the right things to create the most value for the company.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 33

I. National security
II. Public health
III. Global trade
IV. Use of services
V. Job creation
Which of the given items can correctly fill in the gap in the sentence below?
"Manufacturing is important in terms of _______________."

I, III

II, III, V

I, III, V

III, IV, V

II, IV

Açıklama:

Six Reasons Manufacturing is Central to the Economy
1. Manufacturing has been the path to development
2. Manufacturing is the foundation of global “Great Power”
3. Manufacturing is the most important cause of economic growth
4. Global trade is based on goods, not services
5. Services are dependent on manufactured goods
6. Manufacturing creates jobs

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 34

Which of the following options developed the concept of manufacturing worldwide?

Industrial revolution

Scientific management

The specialization of the workers

The development of machinery

The assembly line

Açıklama:

The creation of the assembly line by Henry Ford at his Highland Park plant, introduced on December 1, 1913, revolutionized the automobile industry and the concept of manufacturing worldwide.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 35

Which of the following is NOT included in the scope of operations management?

Maintenance management

Locations of Facilities

Competition in the market

plant layout and material handling

Process Design

Açıklama:

The scope of operations management includes many activities such as product design, process and technology selection, job design, location of facilities, plant layout and material handling, production planning and control, quality control, forecasting, capacity planning, scheduling, inventory control, maintenance, materials management, distribution and logistics and after sales service.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 36

"___________________ give the manufacturer an opportunity of the efficiency of flow processes along with the flexibility of job-shop processes."
Which of the following fills in the gap correctly?

Cellular processes

Job-shop processes

Disconnected flow processes

Discrete flow processes

Continuous flow processes

Açıklama:

Cellular processes give the manufacturer an opportunity of the efficiency of flow processes along with the flexibility of job-shop processes.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 37

"____________________ is a type of production process in which small amounts of a variety of custom products are made." Which of the following fills in the gap correctly?

Project processes

Job-shop process

Cellular processes

Batch processes

Repetitive processes

Açıklama:

Job-shop process is a type of production process in which small amounts of a variety of custom products are made.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 38

Which of the following is NOT a function of Business Process Reengineering (BPR)?

Recreating core business processes

Improving business processes

Rethinking issues

Changing the mission of the company

Reorganizing a business into cross-functional teams

Açıklama:

BPR starts a dramatic change in the business processes and • changes the focus of the company values more on customer needs and requirements, • recreating core business processes by information technology, • reorganizes a business into cross-functional teams by full responsibility, • rethinks issues related to organization and personnel, • improves business processes across the organization.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 39

Which of the following is defined as working continuously on eliminating all forms of waste that do not add any value to customer, from the production process?

Supply chain

Business process reengineering

Mass production

Customization of market

Lean production

Açıklama:

Lean production is to work continuously on eliminating all forms of waste that do not add any value to customer, from the production process.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 40

I. Full company involvement
II. Knowledge culture
III. Share holders involvement
IV. Service design
V. Corporate partners
Which ones of the given items are the key elements of agile manufacturing?

I, II, V

II, III, IV

III, IV, V

I, III

II, V

Açıklama:

There are five key elements of agile manufacturing:
1. Modular Product Design
2. Fully Connected Information Technology
3. Corporate Partners
4. Knowledge Culture
5. Full Company Involvement

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 41

__________ are tangible items (pencil, apple, chair) that satisfy the needs and requirements of human and provide utility.

Goods

Services

Operations

Business activities

Products

Açıklama:

Goods are tangible items (pencil, apple, chair) that satisfy the needs and requirements of human and provide utility. Goods can be consumable items useful to people, however they are scarce items in relation to the demand, therefore some effort is needed to get them. Some examples of goods can be computers, cars, engines for trucks and so on.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 42

__________ is the business function that plans, organizes, coordinates and controls the resources needed to produce a company’s goods and services.

Right Quantitity

Effectiveness

Operations management

Location of facilities

Quality control

Açıklama:

Operations management is the business function that plans, organizes, coordinates and controls the resources needed to produce a company’s
goods and services. In other words, operations management designs, operates and improves production systems to get work performed.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 43

Which one is true about service and manifacture?

Manufacturing operations' inputs variability is greater than the service operations’ inputs.

Manufacturing systems usually rely less on raw material inputs than do service systems.

Services can be stored for later use and transported over space before use.

Productivity measurement of manufacturing can be more straightforward and easier.

Customer contact is much more in manufacturing operations.

Açıklama:

Productivity measurement of manufacturing can be more straightforward and easier because of a high degree of uniformity of many manufactured goods than that of services. Variation of needs and requirements of customers make the measurement of service productivity more difficult. Customers can require different types of haircuts and each type of haircut can last various time of period.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 44

____________ is developing, producing and delivering new products to customers faster than competitors.

Industrial revolution

Total quality management

Computer aided design

Computer aided manufacturing

Time-based competition

Açıklama:

One of the most important trends within companies today is time-based competition which is developing, producing and delivering new products to customers faster than competitors.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 45

Localization of supplier and production
Increased co-production of goods and services
Necessity of broadening the product development phase
Increasing importance of e-business

Which ones above are among the important challenges in operations management?

I and II

I, II and III

II and III

II and IV

III and IV

Açıklama:

Due to the rapid changes of this environment, operations management faces many challenges in the field. Some of the important challenges are as follows:

Coordination of the relationship between the company and the suppliers
Globalization of supplier, production and distribution networks
Increased co-production of goods and service
Managing customer contact
Being aware of the power of operations in a company as a competitive weapon
Necessity of shortening the product development phase
Increasing importance of e-business

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 46

_________ is the physical arrangements of facilities, including personnel, equipment and materials.

Location of facilities

Maintanence management

Plant layout

Material handling

Product design

Açıklama:

Plant layout is the physical arrangements of facilities, including personnel, equipment and materials. Plant layout requires the integration of capacity needs, personnel levels, technology, inventory requirements in order to determine the optimal flow of personnel, materials and information. The basic purpose of plant layout is to reach the required quality and quantity of output by the arrangements of all the physical materials such as machine, man and storage space in the plant.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 47

________ is responsible for purchasing the highest quality equipment and products at the lowest possible cost for the organization and also responsible for managing purchasing, inventory control functions, shipping and receiving, also planning and administering department budgets.

Maintanence management

Materials management

Quality control

Production planning

Job design

Açıklama:

Materials management is one of the most important functions of an organisation that deals with the acquisition, control and use of materials needed and flow of goods and services connected with the production process having some predetermined objectives in view. Minimizing materials cost including purchase, receive, transport and store is one of the main objectives of a company. Seamless flow of materials throughout the operations is crucial for the efficiency of operations and continuous supply of materials must be provided for the achievement of it.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 48

_____________ is the production of similar products using cells or workstations to facilitate operations by the elimination of setup and unneeded costs among operations.

Batch flow process

Flow process

Job-shop process

Project process

Cellular process

Açıklama:

Cellular processes give the manufacturer an opportunity of the efficiency of flow processes along with the flexibility of job-shop processes. It is a hybrid production process that is considered as a mixture of mini flow processes called as work cells and a job-shop operation. When productivity becomes a big problem for a job-shop manufacturer, the company tries to convert its processes into a cellular design to increase efficiency. On the other hand, the manufacturer that makes production by flow processes tries to make production by cellular processes in order to increase flexibility.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 49

____________ is the capability to survive and to be successful in a competitive environment by responding quickly and effectively to changing market needs and requirements.

Agile manufacturing

Lean production

Business process reengineering

Total quality management

Supply chain management

Açıklama:

Agile manufacturing is an approach for developing competitive advantage in today’s fast changing market. The company becomes speedy and agile to focus on rapid response to the customer as a competitive advantage. An agile manufacturing strategy would use processes, tools and training, which enables it to respond to these needs and changes rapidly without jeopardizing the cost and quality of the product. An agile company has the advantage of having opportunities for meeting fast changes in customer demand.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 50

____________ is a data-driven approach and continuous improvement methodology for eliminating defects in a product, process or service.

Computer integrated management

E-manufacturing

Six stigma

Mass costumarization

Flexible manufacturing system

Açıklama:

Six sigma which is popularized by Motorola, is a systematic method for improving the process and used for reducing defects, lowering cost, saving time and improving customer satisfaction. It is a comprehensive system for achieving and sustaining success in business. Sigma shows the number of standards deviations of the process. Six sigma means 3.4 defective parts per million.

Doğru Cevap: C

Ünite 2

Soru 1

Which of the following is associated with corporate strategy?

More than one business unit

Market competition

Finance

Operations

Marketing

Açıklama:

Corporate level strategy is the top level of strategy. If there are more than one businesses unit in an organization, corporate level strategy come into play and specifies what these businesses should be, which resources are necessary and how they will be allocated, and how the business units and corporate center will be connected and managed. A is the correct answer.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 2

Which question is associated with mission?
I. Which resources are necessary?
II. How will the resources be allocated?
III. What will be the business of the company?
IV. Who are the consumers?

Only I

Only II

Only III

Only IV

III, IV

Açıklama:

Mission: A company’s mission is the reason or purpose of its existence. Mission statement basically has to answer three questions which draw the boundaries and focus of the organization. These questions are:

What will be the business of the company? (“selling smartphones”, “producing goods” etc.)
Who are the consumers and what are their known habits for buying? (“graduates”, “undergraduates” etc.)
How will the company contribute to the business? (“by providing the highest customer service” etc.)

E is the correct answer.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 3

Which of the following is one of the core competencies?

SWOT

Financial know-how

Mission

Environmental scanning

Functional strategy

Açıklama:

Core competencies include the following: workers, facilities, market & financial know-how, systems & technology. B is the correct answer.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 4

Which of the following is the focus of operations strategy?

Marketing

Finance

Mass production

Business plan

Market share

Açıklama:

Until the 1970s and early 1980s, operations strategy was often neglected by United States companies. Until then, companies focused primarily on marketing and financial strategies, and they emphasized mass production which means producing standard products in big quantities. Many of the managers did not have an operations background and therefore they did not fully appreciate the importance of the operations function. After 1980s Japanese companies began offering low-cost and high-quality products, U.S. companies started to lose market share to their Japanese competitors. In order to survive, many U.S. companies started to copy Japanese approaches. But the copying process often proved unsuccessful, because it really took time to understand the Japanese approaches. It became clear that the success of Japanese companies is based on their operations strategy; which means that all their resources were designed to support the company’s business plan. D is the correct answer.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 5

What is the focus of operational efficiency?

Performing operations well

A plan for competing

Marketing

Finance

Mass production

Açıklama:

Harvard Business School Professor Michael Porter says that companies often do not understand the differences between operational efficiency and strategy. Operational efficiency could be defined as performing operations well when compared to the competitors. But a strategy is a plan for competing in the market. A is the correct answer.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 6

At what stage, operations attempt to improve competitiveness by ‘avoiding making mistakes’?
I. Stage 1: Internal neutrality
II. Stage 2: External neutrality
III. Stage 3: Internally supportive
IV. Stage 4: Externally supportive

Only I

Only II

Only III

Only IV

I, II, III, IV

Açıklama:

Stage 1: Internal Neutrality: In this stage, the contribution of operations function is at the poorest level. The contribution of operations function to competitive success is very little or it is holding the company back from competing well. It is inward-looking which means the main goal in this stage is being internally neutral. It only attempts to improve competitiveness by ‘avoiding making mistakes’. A is the correct answer.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 7

If low price is a competitive factor, then which of the following will the operation need to excel at?

Quality

Cost

Speed

Dependability

Flexibility

Açıklama:

Cost: Competing on cost means delivering a service as a product at the lowest cost when compared with competitors’ services or products. B is the correct answer.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 8

Which of the following is a flexible company?

Migros Ticaret A.Ş.

DeFacto

LC Waikiki

Cemil İpekçi Haute Couture

Mavi Jeans

Açıklama:

Flexibility: Flexibility is defined as adapting to the changes occurred in the preferences of the customers easily and quickly. There are two dimensions of flexibility. One is product flexibility which is defined as the ability to offer a wide variety of goods or services and customization of them to the requirements of the customers. Another one is called volume flexibility which means the ability to change the amount of production according to demand changes. For example, if you consider a custom tailor, he will be more flexible than a retailer. Another example would be going to a fire restaurant and asking for a meal that is made just for you. These examples are examples of flexible companies who accommodate customers’ wishes. Cemil İpekçi is a custom tailor. D is the correct answer.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 9

Which of the following is used to measure competitiveness?

Bottom-up perspective

Top-down perspective

Operations resources perspective

Market requirements perspective

Degree of productivity

Açıklama:

As mentioned before, an effective business strategy and a supporting operations strategy contribute to the competitiveness of the company in its market. The main questions here could be how to measure competitiveness. One of the most well-known and accepted way is measuring productivity. E is the correct answer.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 10

Which of the following is evaluated by means of productivity?
I. Economies
II. Industries
III. Firms

Only I

Only III

I, II, III

Only I, II

Açıklama:

As a basic measure, productivity is used in evaluating economies, industries, firms and processes. D is the correct answer.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 11

"It is a long-range plan for a business".
Which term is described above?

Business Strategy

Environmental Strategy

Cooperate Strategy

Functional Strategy

Mission Strategy

Açıklama:

business strategy

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 12

Business strategy is based on the strategic decisions of managers who are responsible for considering many factors.
Which of following is not one of them?

defining a mission

making environmental scanning

identifying company’s core competencies

developing the company’s core competencies

defining a vision

Açıklama:

Business strategy is based on the strategic decisions of managers who are responsible for considering many factors. These decisions include (1) defining a mission, (2) making environmental scanning, and (3) identifying and developing the company’s core competencies which are also called as the company’s strength.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 13

A company’s ................ is the reason or purpose of its existence.
............. statement basically has to answer three questions which draw the boundaries and focus of the organization.
Which of following completes the blanks?

Business strategy

Mission

Vision

Environmental scanning

Limit

Açıklama:

A company’s mission is the reason or purpose of its existence. Mission statement basically has to answer three questions which draw the boundaries and focus of the organization.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 14

...........................................can be defined as monitoring the external environment for changes and trends.
Which of following completes the sentence above?

Environmental Scanning

Mission

Vision

Business strategy

Core strategy

Açıklama:

Environmental Scanning: Monitoring the external environment for changes and trends.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 15

"They can be described as the unique strengths of a business".
Which of following is described by the sentence above?

Core Competencies

Visions

Missions

Business strategies

Environmental scannings

Açıklama:

Core Competencies: The unique strengths of a business.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 16

Core competencies include some terms Which of following is not one of them ?

Facilities

Workers

Systems & technology

Market & financial know-how

Owners

Açıklama:

Owners is not one of them

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 17

Harvard university professors Hayes and Wheelwright proposed a ............. stage model for
evaluating the role and the contribution of the operations to business strategy.
According to sentence which of following should be at dotted part?

Açıklama:

it should be four

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 18

According to The Four-Stage Model of Operations Contribution,
-Contribution of operations function is at the poorest level.
Which stage is this?

Internal Neutrality

Externally Supportive

External Neutrality

Internally Supportive

Middle Neutrally

Açıklama:

Internal Neutrality

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 19

According to The Four-Stage Model of Operations Contribution
-In this stage, the operations function begins comparing itself with similar organizations in the outside market
Which stage is this?

Middle Neutrality

Internal Neutrality

Internally Supportive

Externally Supportive

External Neutrality

Açıklama:

ıt should be External Neutrality

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 20

According to The Four-Stage Model of Operations Contribution,
-Operations are seen as the source of the company’s competitive success. Operations look to the long term, they forecast the changes in the market and supply, and based upon these future conditions they develop operations-based capabilities.
Which stage is this?

Externally Supportive

External Neutrality

Internal Neutrality

Internally Supportive

Middle Neutrality

Açıklama:

ıt should be Externally Supportive

Doğru Cevap: A

Ünite 3

Soru 1

I.Birth
II.Introduction
III.Growth
IV.Selection
V.Maturity
VI.Decline
What are the phases of the products in the product life cycle?

I,II,III,IV,V,VI

I,II,III,V,VI

II,IV,V

I,III,IV,V

III,IV,V,VI

Açıklama:

The phases of the products in the product life cycle are birth or introduction, growth, maturity and decline. The right choice is "B".

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 2

Which phase are DVD and flash disks in?

Introduction phase

Maturity phase

Growth phase

Decline phase

Birth phase

Açıklama:

DVD and flash disks are in the maturity phase. The right choice is "B".

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 3

I.Refine or modify current products
II.Develop new products
III.Formulate quality goals and cost targets
IV.Construct and test prototypes
V.Document specifications
Which of the above are the essential activities and responsibilities of a product design?

II,III,V

I,II,IV,V

I,II,III,IV,V

I,III,V

I,II,III,IV

Açıklama:

All of them are the essential activities and responsibilities of a product design. The right choice is "C".

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 4

I. Understand the opportunity
II. Project planning
III.Develop a concept
IV. Implement a concept.
Which of the above are the phases of product development process?

I,II,III,IV

I,II,III

II and III

I,III,IV

III and IV

Açıklama:

Product development process is separated into three phases
1. Understand the opportunity
2. Develop a concept
3. Implement a concept. The right choice is "D".

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 5

"This stage shows the end of the design phase. The designed product is introduced to the market after its production in the company. The design phase is a part of a total product development process." What is the stage mentioned above?

Launch

Prototype and testing

Evaluation

Concept development

Re-innovation

Açıklama:

Launch: This stage shows the end of the design phase. The designed product is introduced to the market after its production in the company. The design phase is a part of a total product development process. The right choice is "A".

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 6

I.Commitment of top management
II.Clear explanation of the concept
III.Early detection of problems
IV.Close monitoring of each design stage
V.Multi-disciplinary team working in design
VI.Evaluate competing products
Which of the above are the success factors in design?

I,II,IV,V,VI

II,III,V

I,III,IV,V

I,III,V,VI

I,II,III,IV,V

Açıklama:

All of them are the success factors in design except "Evaluate competing products".This option need to be followed to build the house of quality. The right choice is "E".

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 7

"This uses parameter design which is an engineering method for product or process design that focuses on determining the parameter settings giving the best levels of a quality characteristic with minimum variation."
Which of the following product design tools defines the information given above?

Taguchi method

Value Analysis

Quality Function Deployment

Concurrent Engineering

Over-the-wall design

Açıklama:

Taguchi method uses parameter design which is an engineering method for product or process design that focuses on determining the parameter (controllable factor) settings giving the best levels of a quality characteristic (performance measure) with minimum variation. The right choice is "A".

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 8

I.Flow processes II.Job-shop processes III.Cellular processes IV.Project processes V.Assemble-to-order process VI.Make-to-order process
Which of the processes above are classified according to product flow and volume expectations?

I,II,III,IV,V,VI

I,II,IV,VI

IV,V,VI

I,II,III,IV

II,III,IV,V

Açıklama:

Processes are classified according to product flow and volume expectations into the following four categories:
1. Flow processes
2. Job-shop processes
3. Cellular processes
4. Project processes
The right option is "D". The other options are according to the demand of the customer.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 9

In which process is the production activated only in response to an actual demand or orders from customers?

Make-to-order process

Flow process

Assemble-to-order process

Job-shop process

Project process

Açıklama:

In make-to-order processes, the production is activated only in response to an actual demand or orders from customers. The right choice is "A".

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 10

I.It increases the productivity of the company by efficient use of all kinds of resources.
II.It helps the company follow the latest technology and other improvements.
III.It promotes creativity and innovation
IV.Management effectiveness can be measured easily.
V.Customer satisfaction is high.
Which of the above are some of the most important benefits of value analysis?

I,III,IV

II,III,V

I,II,IV,V

I,IV,V

I,II,III,IV,V

Açıklama:

All of them are the most important benefits of value analysis. The right choice is "E".

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 11

What is the third phase of product-life cycle?

Growth

Beginning

Birth

Maturity

Decline

Açıklama:

1-Introduction
2-Growth
3-Maturity
4-Decline

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 12

Which of the following is a good example of different stages of the product life cycle in the market?

Video cassette and floppy disc in the maturity phase

DVD and flash disks in the growth phase

3D TVs in the growth phase

Blu Ray discs in the growth phase

Game consoles are in the introduction phase

Açıklama:

The followings are some examples for them.
• 3D TVs in the introduction phase
• Blu Ray discs in the growth phase
• DVD and flash disks in the maturity phase
• Video cassette and floppy disc in the decline phase

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 13

Which of the followings is not one of the essential activities and responsibilities of a product design?

Refine or modify current products

Develop new products

Document specifications

Translate process specifications into product specifications

Construct and test prototypes

Açıklama:

The followings are some of the essential activities and responsibilities of a product design:
• Reflect customer needs and requirements to product requirements
• Refine or modify current products
• Develop new products
• Formulate quality goals and cost targets
• Construct and test prototypes
• Document specifications
• Translate product specifications into process specifications.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 14

What does "the ability to combine ideas in new ways to solve problems and exploit opportunities" stand for?

Innovation

Compromise

Creativity

Choice

Complexity

Açıklama:

Creativity is the ability to combine ideas in new ways to solve problems and exploit opportunities.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 15

In which stage is the idea evaluated in terms of viability for the company, based on its strengths, capabilities and market demands?

Project planning

Concept development

Design brief

Sourcing design skills

Concept design

Açıklama:

Concept development: In this stage, the idea is evaluated in terms of viability for the company, based on its strengths, capabilities and market demands.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 16

"a company manufactures 100 different types of refrigerators but do not use 100 different motors. Instead, they can use 5 to 10 different motors for all these 100 different refrigerators."
For which design principle can this example be given?

Minimize the number of parts used

Use standard components and tools

Simplify assembly

Design products to be robust

Use common components and processes

Açıklama:

Use common components and processes: In order to reduce the number of parts used, the design team can use parts that are common across several products or used in several processes. For example, a company manufactures 100 different types of refrigerators but do not use 100 different motors. Instead, they can use 5 to 10 different motors for all these 100 different refrigerators.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 17

Where was QFD first used?

USA

China

Korea

Japan

Switzerland

Açıklama:

One of the important product design tools is quality function deployment (QFD). It is first used in Japan in the late 1960s as a form of cause-and-effect analysis, and it was brought to the United States in the early 1980s.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 18

Which one of the followings is the first step in building a world-class production system?

Identify customer needs and requirements

Defining the relationship

Identify how the goods will satisfy customer needs and requirements

Determine importance ratings

Identify relationships between the company’s hows

Açıklama:

Defining the relationship is the first step in building a world-class production system.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 19

"Almost 80 percent of all defective items are caused by poor product"
This is based on ........'s research?

Heizer

Reid

Sanders

Taguchi

Russell

Açıklama:

Dr. Genichi Taguchi is a Japanese quality guru known with his work in the field of product design. According to his research, almost 80 percent of all defective items are caused by poor products design.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 20

In which processes are a high variety products in small batches with different processing requirements produced?

Job-shop processes

Flow processes

Make-to-order process

Project processes

Cellular processes

Açıklama:

Job-shop processes: Generally job shop operates on a relatively small scale. In jobshop processes a high variety products in small batches with different processing requirements are produced.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 21

Which of the following is not listed as one of the phases of the products in the product life cycle?

birth or introduction,

development,

growth,

maturity,

decline

Açıklama:

The Product Life Cycle
Every product has a life span and they are born then they live and die. Every product goes out of the market by changes in the market sooner or later. The lives of products are changing from one product to another, from a few months to several decades. However, the structure of product life cycles are the same for all the products regardless of the length of the cycle. The phases of the products in the product life cycle are birth or introduction, growth, maturity and decline.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 22

Since companies know that products they sell have a limited lifespan, what most of them do in order to make sure that their businesses continue to grow?

Try to expand the lifespan,

Produce substitutes,

Try to sell company before the decline,

Invest heavily in new product development,

Go out of business

Açıklama:

The Product Life Cycle
Since companies know that products they sell have a limited lifespan, most of them invest heavily in new product development in order to make sure that their businesses continue to grow.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 23

What the Product strategy defines for the company?

the direction of the product and what the company wants to achieve,

the lifespan of the product and the company’s vision,

the direction of the product and the company’s vision,

the duration of the product and what the company wants to achieve,

the profitability of the product and what the company wants to achieve.

Açıklama:

Product Strategy
Product strategy defines the direction of the product and what the company wants to achieve.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 24

According to Stevenson, which of the following is not one of the essential activities and responsibilities of a product design?

Reflect customer needs and requirements to product requirements,

Refine or modify current products,

Develop classical products from old menü,

Formulate quality goals and cost targets,

Construct and test prototypes.

Açıklama:

Product Strategy
While companies try to construct strategies for the products in order to be successful in the competitive markets they need to know the activities and responsibilities of product design. So, they become conscious of the value of product design for their customers and themselves. The followings are some of the essential activities and responsibilities of a product design (Stevenson, 2009, p. 132):

Reflect customer needs and requirements to product requirements

Refine or modify current products

Develop new products

Formulate quality goals and cost targets

Construct and test prototypes

Document specifications

Translate product specifications into process specifications.

Reflect customer needs and requirements to product requirements
Refine or modify current products
Develop new products
Formulate quality goals and cost targets
Construct and test prototypes
Document specifications
Translate product specifications into process specifications.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 25

I.Understand the opportunity
II.Develop a concept
III.Define the concept
IV.Implement a concept
Which of above listed the phases correctly show three phases of the Product development process?

Only I and II

I, II, III

I, III, IV

II, III, IV

I, II, IV

Açıklama:

Product Development Process
In the product development process, creativity, understanding, communication, testing and persuasion activities are essential for the success. Product development process is separated into three phases (Otto & Wood, 2001, p. 14).

Understand the opportunity

Develop a concept

Implement a concept.

Understand the opportunity
Develop a concept
Implement a concept.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 26

Which of the following C was not identified by Walsh et al. (1992) as four “Cs” of design?

Creativity,

Cultivation,

Complexity,

Compromise,

Choice.

Açıklama:

The Design Process
Walsh et al. (1992) identify four “Cs” of design:

Creativity: Creation of something that has not previously existed.

Complexity: Design includes many decisions for a wide variety of parameters and elements such as shape, texture and color to materials.

Compromise: It is a type of trade-off between some elements and features such as performance and cost or weight and ease of use.

Choice: It is about coming to decisions on the concept solution to color or form.

The Design Process
Walsh et al. (1992) identify four “Cs” of design:

Creativity: Creation of something that has not previously existed.
Complexity: Design includes many decisions for a wide variety of parameters and elements such as shape, texture and color to materials.
Compromise: It is a type of trade-off between some elements and features such as performance and cost or weight and ease of use.
Choice: It is about coming to decisions on the concept solution to color or form.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 27

In design process, creativity is used with which words (terms) extensively and synonymously?

design and innovation,

design and invention,

sign and innovation,

knowledge and innovation,

design and information,

Açıklama:

The Design Process
In design process creativity, design and innovation terms are used extensively and synonymously. Many countries encourage their own local manufacturers to design new products in order to help companies compete in the global market. Such attempts discover the value of design and promote it as an engine of innovation in products and business processes. Design takes new improved technologies out of research and development and into the market as original and usable products.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 28

According to Martinich (1997) which of the following is not included in to the design principles to simplify the products and processes?

Minimize the number of parts used and Use common components and processes,

Use standard components and tools and Simplify assembly,

Minimize the cost of production and Make it simple,

Use modularity to obtain variety and Make product specifications and tolerances reasonable,

Design products to be robust.

Açıklama:

The Design Process
The followings are the design principles to simplify the products and processes (Martinich, 1997, p. 219): 1. Minimize the number of parts used 2. Use common components and processes 3. Use standard components and tools 4. Simplify assembly 5. Use modularity to obtain variety 6. Make product specifications and tolerances reasonable 7. Design products to be robust.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 29

Which of the following is not listed among the four product design characteristics especially affect the ease and quality of assembly?

Fasteners,

Orientation and accessibility in assembly,

Design for testing,

Smooth working environment,

Mistake-proof assembly.

Açıklama:

The Design Process
Four product design characteristics especially affect the ease and quality of assembly:

Fasteners,

Orientation and accessibility in assembly,

Design for testing,

Mistake-proof assembly

The Design Process
Four product design characteristics especially affect the ease and quality of assembly:

Fasteners,
Orientation and accessibility in assembly,
Design for testing,
Mistake-proof assembly

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 30

As one of the product design tools what QFD stands for?

quality function development,

quality footbol deployment,

quality function deployment,

quarter function deployment,

quatro function development,

Açıklama:

Quality Function Deployment
One of the important product design tools is quality function deployment (QFD). It is first used in Japan in the late 1960s as a form of cause-and-effect analysis, and it was brought to the United States in the early 1980s. Most of its popularity comes as a result of numerous successes in the automotive industry. QFD is transferring the voice of the customer to the design specifications of a product. During the implementation of this method multi-disciplinary teams from marketing, design, engineering and manufacturing are used in the organizations. QFD process starts by determining the requirements of the customer then finishes by translating these customer desires into the target design. The idea of QFD is to understand the desires of customers and to identify alternative process solutions. This information is then integrated into the evolving product design. QFD is used early in the design process to determine the needs and requirements of the customer and where to deploy quality efforts.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 31

I. It can bring advantages like increasing market share.
II. It can designate the needs and requirements of the customers.
III. It can change the products for the rejuvenation of the company.
Which of the above is correct regarding product design?

Only I

Only II

I and II

II and III

I, II and III

Açıklama:

Product design can bring many opportunities to the company in the competitive market such as increasing market share, new customers and new products. Product design is the process of deciding on the characteristics and features of the company’s product based on customer’s needs and requirements. It is a critical process for a company and uses company’s core competencies and tries to find out the other competencies that must be developed. Moreover, product design causes changes by new products and markets for the rejuvenation of the company.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 32

I. It has to satisfy the needs of the customers.
II. The existence and survival of the company depend on the product.
III. It is a prerequisite for the success of the company.
Which of the above is correct regarding the product selection?

Only I

Only II

I and II

II and III

I, II and III

Açıklama:

Many global companies are aware of having products that satisfy the needs and requirements of the customers. Otherwise, the existence and survival of the company are in danger. A good product is one of the essential factors of a company to be successful in the market.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 33

I. The main purpose of the company is to establish the product.
II. The sales and the profit are rapidly growing.
III. More money is invested in the promotional activities.
Which of the above is correct regarding the "growth" phase of the product?

III

I and II

I, II and III

Açıklama:

The main purpose of the company is to establish the product as firmly as possible in the market. In this phase, the sales and the profit are rapidly growing. Since the potential of market growth is high, more money is invested in the promotional activities to use this potential.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 34

I. Reflect customer needs and requirements to product requirements.
II. Refine or modify current products.
III. Formulate quality goals and cost targets.
Which of the above are some of the essential activities and responsibilities to product requirements?

Only I

Only II

I and II

II and III

I, II and III

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 35

I. Product design activity has strategic effects for the success of the organisation.
II. Decisions about design activities must be given by mid or high level managers.
III. The factors can include the changes in economy, society and demographic structure.
Which of the above is correct regarding the product design activity?

Only I

Only III

I and II

II and III

I, II and III

Açıklama:

Product design activity has typically strategic effects for the success and wealth of an organization. Moreover, this activity definitely affects its future plans. Therefore, decisions about design activities must be given by mid or high level managers. Organizations are involved in product design or redesign for different reasons. One of the most important reasons for product design or redesign is to have market opportunities and threats. The factors that give rise to market opportunities and threats can be one or more changes in economy, society and demographic structure of it, policies or liabilities of government, competition, cost structure and technology.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 36

I. It can include marketing efforts and technical engineering design activities.
II. It can conclude introducing the new product.
III. It only includes the product management.
Which of the above is correct regarding product development process?

Only II

Only III

I and II

I and III

I, II and III

Açıklama:

A product development process is a group of activities required to bring a new concept to a state of market readiness. These activities involve everything from the initial inspiring new product vision, to business case analysis activities, marketing efforts, technical engineering design activities, development of manufacturing plans, and the validation of the product design to conform to these plans. Moreover, it even concludes development of the distribution channels for strategically marketing and introducing the new product.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 37

When product development process is taken into consideration, which order is given correctly?

Understand the opportunity > Implement a concept > develop a concept

Develop a concept > understand the opportunity > implement a concept

Develop a concept > implement a concept > understand the opportunity

Understand the opportunity > develop a concept > implement a concept

Implement a concept > understand the opportunity > develop a concept

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 38

I. Creative: Creation of something that has not previously existed.
II. Choice: It is about coming to decisions on the concept solution to color or form.
III. Compromise: Design includes many decisions for a wide variety of parameters and elements such as shape, texture and color to materials.
Which of the above is correctly given regarding the four "Cs" of design?

Only I

Only II

I and II

II and III

I, II and III

Açıklama:

During the design process structures, systems and behaviours produce designs that satisfy the customer at low cost, that are easy to make and that appear in a short time. Walsh et al. (1992) identify four “Cs” of design:
Creativity: Creation of something that has not previously existed.
Complexity: Design includes many decisions for a wide variety of parameters and elements such as shape, texture and color to materials.
Compromise: It is a type of trade-off between some elements and features such
as performance and cost or weight and ease of use.
Choice: It is about coming to decisions on the concept solution to color or form.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 39

"After discussions about the final design, agreed design is converted into detailed specifications. Some prototypes of the agreed design are produced and tested."
Which main stage of design process is described above?

Stimulus/trigger

Concept design

Concept development

Detailed design

Design specification

Açıklama:

Detailed design: After discussions about the final design, agreed design is converted into detailed specifications. Some prototypes of the agreed design are produced and tested.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 40

In which phase of the product life cycle are costs low and
productivity high?

Birth

Groth

Maturity

Renewal

Decline

Açıklama:

Maturity: When the product is mature, competition is high in the market. Although many changes are made during the introduction and growth phases, some minor changes can be made in the product design if necessary and costs are low and productivity is high in this phase.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 41

Which of the following product-phase matchings is not true?

3D TVs in the introduction phase

Blu Ray discs in the growth phase

DVD and flash disks in the maturity phase

Video cassette and floppy disc in the decline phase

Smart phones in the birth phase

Açıklama:

There are many products in different stages of the product life cycle in the market. The followings are some examples for them.
• 3D TVs in the introduction phase
• Blu Ray discs in the growth phase
• DVD and flash disks in the maturity phase
• Video cassette and floppy disc in the decline phase

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 42

Which of the followings is not one of the essential activities and responsibilities of a product design?

Reflect customer needs and requirements to product requirements

Increase the price of the product if it hits the market

Refine or modify current products

Translate product specifications into process specifications

Construct and test prototypes

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 43

Which of the followings belongs to implementing a concept phase?

To develop a vision for a new product.

To make a market analysis

To design general market specifications for the product

To model and test the physical construction

To fulfill customer satisfaction

Açıklama:

Implement a concept: The selected concept takes a form through purchased
components, manufactured parts and assembled as a product. This is called
embodiment engineering. Embodiment involves modeling and testing of the
physical construction.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 44

............ is the successful application of new ideas in practice in the form of new or improved products, processes.
Which of the following completes the sentence above?

Creativity

Compromise

Innovation

Complexity

Design

Açıklama:

Innovation is the successful application of new ideas in practice in the form of new or improved products, processes.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 45

In which stage of the design process does the design team explore the key strategic questions based on collected information?

Stimulus/trigger

Sourcing design skills

Project planning

Detailed design

Concept development

Açıklama:

Concept development: The concept is elaborated and missing and incomplete
information is collected. The design team explores the key strategic questions based on collected information.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 46

................ is the use of any automatic device or method that either makes it impossible for an error to occur or makes the error immediately obvious once it has occurred.
Which of the followings complete the sentence above?

Poka-Yoke

Standardization

Assembly chart

Orientation

Modularity

Açıklama:

Mistake proofing, or Poka-Yoke is the use of any automatic device or method that either makes it impossible for an error to occur or makes the error immediately obvious once it has occurred.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 47

Which of the followings is the fifth step of building the house of quality?

Identify customer needs and requirements

Determine importance ratings.

Identify how the goods will satisfy customer needs and requirements.

Identify relationships between the company’s hows

Evaluate competing product

Açıklama:

To build thehouse of quality, the following seven basic steps need to be followed:
1. Identify customer needs and requirements
2. Identify how the goods will satisfy customer needs and requirements.
3. Relate customer needs and requirements to product hows by building a matrix.
4. Identify relationships between the company’s hows.
5. Determine importance ratings.
6. Evaluate competing products.
7. Determine the desirable technical attributes, company’s attributes, and the competitor’s performanceagainst these attributes.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 48

When was the value analysis developed?

1945

1946

1947

1948

1949

Açıklama:

Value analysis is also known as value engineering, is a design methodology developed by General Electric in 1947 that focuses on the function of the product, rather than on its structure or form.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 49

In which processes are a high variety products in small batches with different processing requirements produced?

Project processes

Flow processes

Make-to-order processes

Job-shop processes

Cellular processes

Açıklama:

Job-shop processes: Generally job shop operates on a relatively small scale. In jobshop processes a high variety products in small batches with different processing requirements are produced.

Doğru Cevap: D

Ünite 4

Soru 1

Large expenditure money and effort for the construction of facilities and no compensation for this

The results of layout decisions covers a short period of time

It significantly affects production efficiency and production cost.

Which of the above are the main reasons for facility layout decisions?

Only 1

Only 2

Only 3

2 and 3

1 and 3

Açıklama:

Facility Layout decisions are very important for organizations. Although there are many reasons for this, three main reasons are as follows:
• Large expenditure of money and effort for the construction of facilities and no compensation for this.
• The result of layout decisions covers a long period. Therefore, it is very difficult to
overcome the mistakes to be made.
• The decision about facility layout significantly affects production efficiency and production cost.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 2

Facility layout planning is to decide how to place the physical production resources used in the transformation process such as .....
Which of the following is not suitable for the blank?

Raw material

Financial resources

Labor

Machinery

Product

Açıklama:

Facility layout planning is to decide how to place the physical production resources used in the transformation process such as labor, machinery, raw material, product, intermediate product and personnel.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 3

"Ergonomic factors such as noise, temperature and lighting should be considered in the layout planning".
This sentence is related to ..... target in the facility layout.
Which of the following fills the blank?

Safety

Flow of movement

Ease of communication

Comfort of employees

Space usage

Açıklama:

Comfort of employees: In the production process, it is necessary to ensure that the
working conditions of the personnel are appropriate. Ergonomic factors such as
noise, temperature and lighting should be considered in the layout planning.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 4

"The product is not moved due to its structure and size. Instead, production resources are moved around the product".
Which types of layout belong to the above description?

Fixed-position layouts

Process layouts

Product layouts

Cell layouts

Project layouts

Açıklama:

In a fixed--position facility, the product is not moved due to its structure and size. Instead, production resources are moved around the product.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 5

Parts are transported between workshops by flexible transport methods such as forklifts
Hospitals can be given as an example of facilities where it is applied

Which of the following facility layouts has the above features?

Fixed-position layouts

Process layouts

Product layouts

Cell layouts

Mass layouts

Açıklama:

In the process layout, parts are transported between workshops by flexible transport methods such as forklifts. Hospitals in the service sector can be given as examples of facilities where the process layout is applied.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 6

Production resources are designed for the purpose of high-speed production.
Automation systems used to improve production speed and performance result in high installation costs.
The process rate is faster as all the resources are ordered for efficient production.

Which of the following layouts include these general characteristics?

Fixed-position layouts

Process layouts

Product layouts

Cell layouts

Mass layouts

Açıklama:

The general characteristics of the product layout are summarized below.
• Production resources are designed for the purpose of high-speed production.
• Automation systems used to improve production speed and performance result in high installation costs.
• The process rate is faster as all the resources are ordered for efficient production.
• The arrangement of production resources according to the product, the proximity of the production lines to each other leads to lower material transportation costs compared to the process layout.
• The warehouse requirement for inventory is lower.
• Since all facilities and resources are customized for the production of certain products, there is no flexibility when a new product is added to the system or when substantial changes to the product are required.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 7

What is the number of options in a plant with four workstations in the process layout?

Açıklama:

The number of options in the process layout is calculated by the factorial of the number of workstations. 4! = 1x2x3x4 = 24 different options can be created in a plant with four workstations.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 8

What is the cycle time of the tasks in the assembly line, which is intended to produce 400 products in 300 minutes?

Açıklama:

C= Production Time/Required Output
C=300*60/400=45

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 9

Which of the following sentences is wrong?

If the capacity is higher than demand, the unit cost of the product increases

If the capacity level is equal to or greater than the demand, it prevents loss of income

Quick response to customer demands can be made by underproduction

Making a production decision on stock to meet high demand will adversely affect working capital

A capacity plan that meets fluctuations in demand through the use of temporary personnel may adversely affect product or service quality

Açıklama:

Quick response to customer demands can be made by overproduction. Many customers want to get ready for the product instead of waiting for the product.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 10

Which of the following is not one of the short- and medium-term capacity strategies?

Stock

Labor level

Delay

Employee training

Forecast of future demand

Açıklama:

Determination of long term capacity needs is based on forecast of future demand. When companies need to make long-term forecasts, they examine patterns of long-term variability, such as trends.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 11

Which of the following is not one of the basic approaches?

Product Layouts

Fixed-position layouts

Customer Layouts

Process Layouts

Cell layouts

Açıklama:

Four basic approaches in this chapter are discussed.
• Fixed-position layouts
• Process Layouts
• Product Layouts
• Cell layouts

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 12

Which of the following is an advantage of process layout?

The automation of the transport system is possible.

The satisfaction of the staff is lower.

High setup times of the machines result in high productivity.

Production time is lower than other facility layout types.

The level of flexibility in the distribution of work is high.

Açıklama:

Advantages:
• Machine utilization rates are high and require fewer machines.
• Flexible use of production resources is possible.
• It requires lower investment costs.
• High utilization rate of its production facilities.
• The level of flexibility in the distribution of work is high.
• The satisfaction of the staff is higher.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 13

Which of the following characteristics of product layout is true?

Product variety is high.

Product flexibility is high.

Production speed is high.

Material handling cost is high.

Stock area is high.

Açıklama:

Process Layout Characteristics Product Layout
High Product variety Low
General purpose Resource usage Specialized
Labor intensive Resources feature Technology intensive
High Product flexibility Low
Low Production speed High
High Material handling cost Low
Low Stock area Low

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 14

Which of the following characteristics of process layout is true?

Resource usage is specialized.

Resources feature is labour intensive.

Production speed is high.

Material handling cost is low.

Product variety is low.

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 15

What is the second step of balancing an assembly line?

Calculate for a day the cycle time of the required workstations using the following formula;
C = Production time
________________
Required output

The order of relations between tasks is determined using the precedence diagram. The diagram consists of circles representing tasks and arrows showing the ordering between tasks.

Using the following formula, the minimum number of workstations sufficient for cycle time is theoretically determined. (The calculated value is rounded to an upper integer)
Nt =T(sum of task times)
____________________
C(cycle time)

The primary and secondary rules are used for assigning tasks to the workstation. The primary rule allows the workstation to decide which task to start with and the second rule to decide which task to select first among multiple tasks. By applying these rules, a task is assigned to the workstation.

Tasks are assigned to the workstation so that the total duration of the tasks on the workstation does not exceed the cycle time.

Açıklama:

The steps to be followed for balancing an assembly line are listed below.
1. The order of relations between tasks is determined using the precedence diagram. The diagram consists of circles representing tasks and arrows showing the ordering between tasks.
2. Calculate for a day the cycle time of the required workstations using the following formula
C = Production time
________________
Required output
3. Using the following formula, the minimum number of workstations sufficient for cycle time is theoretically determined. (The calculated value is rounded to an upper integer)
Nt =T(sum of task times)
____________________
C(cycle time)
4. The primary and secondary rules are used for assigning tasks to the workstation. The primary rule allows the workstation to decide which task to start with and the second rule to decide which task to select first among multiple tasks. By applying these rules, a task is assigned to the workstation.
5. Tasks are assigned to the workstation so that the total duration of the tasks on the workstation does not exceed the cycle time. Repeat step 4 until all tasks are assigned to the workstations.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 16

It is aimed to produce 1600 products in an assembly line that works 12 hours a day.
According to this information, how many seconds is the cycle time of the assembly line calculated?

Açıklama:

C= Production time = 12X60X60 =27
_____________ _________
Required output 1600

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 17

Which of the following decisions is true?

If the capacity is lower than demand, the unit cost of the product increases.

If the capacity level is equal to or lower than the demand, it prevents loss of income.

Quick response to customer demands can be made by overproduction.

The balance between demand and capacity may make it possible to respond to unexpected increases in demand.

Making a production decision on stock to meet high demand will positively affect working capital.

Açıklama:

These decisions are closely related to cost, revenue, capital, quality, speed of meeting customer demand, dependability of supply and flexibility.
• Costs are affected by the balance between capacity and demand. If the capacity is higher than demand, the unit cost of the product increases.
• Revenues are also affected by the balance between capacity and demand. If the capacity level is equal to or greater than the demand, it prevents loss of income.
• Making a production decision on stock to meet high demand will adversely affect working capital. This decision will ensure that the demand is met but there will be no income inflow until the products are sold.
• A capacity plan that meets fluctuations in demand through the use of temporary personnel may adversely affect product or service quality. Employing inexperienced personnel increases error rates.
• Quick response to customer demands can be made by overproduction. Many
customers want to get ready for the product instead of waiting for the product.
• Dependability of supply is also affected by the close proximity of capacity and demand levels. This proximity makes it difficult to remedy disruptions in product or service deliveries.
• Flexibility, in particular volume flexibility, is closely related to excess capacity. The balance between demand and capacity may make it impossible to respond to unexpected increases in demand.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 18

Which of the followings is an example for output measures?

Number of beds

Generator size

Labor time per shift

Number of seats

Produced electric megawatts

Açıklama:

Input measures Output measures Number of beds Number of patients treated per week
Number of seats Number of customers watching movies per week
Labor time per shift Number of cars produced per shift
Generator size Produced electric megawatts
Production tank capacity Liters produced per week

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 19

Which of the following is not one of the short- and mediumterm capacity strategies?

Stock

Employer training

Delay

Labor level

Process design

Açıklama:

Short- and mediumterm capacity strategies are listed below:
• Stock
• Delay
• Labor level
• Employee training
• Subcontractor use
• Process design

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 20

What does "a modeling tool used to evaluate independent decisions that must be made in sequence" stand for?

Decision points

Decision options

Decision tree

Random events

Outputs

Açıklama:

Decision tree is a modeling tool used to evaluate independent decisions that must be made in sequence.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 21

I. Large expenditure of Money and effort for the construction of facilities and no compensation for this.
II. The result of layout decisions covers a long period. Therefore, it is very difficult to overcome the mistakes to be made.
III. The decision about facility layout significantly affects production efficiency and production cost.
IV. Capacity planning is closely related to the competitiveness of enterprises.
Which of the above three are seen as the main reasons for the Facility Layout decisions for organizations?

I, II, IV

I, II, III

II, III, IV

I, III, IV

I and II

Açıklama:

INTRODUCTION
Facility Layout decisions are very important for organizations. Although there are many reasons for this, three main reasons are as follows:

Large expenditure of Money and effort for the construction of facilities and no compensation for this.

The result of layout decisions covers a long period. Therefore, it is very difficult to overcome the mistakes to be made.

The decision about facility layout significantly affects production efficiency and production cost.

INTRODUCTION
Facility Layout decisions are very important for organizations. Although there are many reasons for this, three main reasons are as follows:

Large expenditure of Money and effort for the construction of facilities and no compensation for this.
The result of layout decisions covers a long period. Therefore, it is very difficult to overcome the mistakes to be made.
The decision about facility layout significantly affects production efficiency and production cost.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 22

Although the targets in the facility layout may differ according to the strategic plans of the enterprises, Which of the following is not included among the basic targets that apply to all systems in the efficient and safe execution of the production process?

Security and flow of production

Safety and Flow of movement

Comfort of employees and Ease of communication

Access and Space usage

Flexibility and Bottlenecks

Açıklama:

FACILITY LAYOUT
Although the targets in the facility layout may differ according to the strategic plans of the enterprises, there are basic targets that apply to all systems in the efficient and safe execution of the production process.

Safety

Flow of movement

Comfort of employees

Ease of communication

Access

Space usage

Flexibility

Bottlenecks

Safety
Flow of movement
Comfort of employees
Ease of communication
Access
Space usage
Flexibility
•Bottlenecks

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 23

In facility layout planning which of the following is not used as one of the main approaches?

Fixed-position layouts

Process Layouts

Circular moving layouts

Product Layouts

Cell layouts

Açıklama:

TYPES OF FACILITY LAYOUTS
Facility layout planning is the decision to determine the location of machines in a manufacturing facility, the location of tables and office machines in an office, and the locations of polyclinics in a hospital. An effective layout plan means the best flow of materials, people and information between departments. In order to achieve this aim, different approaches have been developed according to production processes and characteristics. Four basic approaches in this chapter are discussed.

Fixed-position layouts

Process Layouts

Product Layouts

Cell layouts

Fixed-position layouts
Process Layouts
Product Layouts
Cell layouts

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 24

Which of the following cannot be counted among the advantages of the process layoutwhich is listed below?

Machine utilization rates are high and require fewer machines.

Flexible use of production resources is possible.

It requires lower investment costs.

The satisfaction of the consumers is higher.

The level of flexibility in the distribution of work is high.

Açıklama:

Process Layouts
The advantages of the process layout are listed below.

Machine utilization rates are high and require fewer machines.

Flexible use of production resources is possible.

It requires lower investment costs.

High utilization rate of its production facilities.

The level of flexibility in the distribution of work is high.

• The satisfaction of the staff is higher.
Process Layouts
The advantages of the process layout are listed below.

Machine utilization rates are high and require fewer machines.
Flexible use of production resources is possible.
It requires lower investment costs.
High utilization rate of its production facilities.
The level of flexibility in the distribution of work is high.
The satisfaction of the staff is higher.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 25

Which of the following cannot be counted among the limitations of the process layout which is listed below?

Long routes increase the amount of transport.

The automation of the transport system is not possible.

High setup times of the machines result in low productivity.

Production time is higher than other facility layout types.

Excess demand for the products causes product price to increase.

Açıklama:

Process Layouts
The limitations of the process layout are listed below.

Long routes increase the amount of transport.

The automation of the transport system is not possible.

High setup times of the machines result in low productivity.

Production time is higher than other facility layout types.

Excess stocks in the production area cause a waste of space and capital.

Process Layouts
The limitations of the process layout are listed below.

Long routes increase the amount of transport.
The automation of the transport system is not possible.
High setup times of the machines result in low productivity.
Production time is higher than other facility layout types.
Excess stocks in the production area cause a waste of space and capital.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 26

Which of the following is not listed among the general characteristics of the product layout?

Production resources are designed for the purpose of high-speed production.

Technology investments result in high installation costs.

The process rate is faster as all the resources are ordered for efﬁcient production.

The arrangement of production resources according to the product, the proximity of the production lines to each other leads to lower material transportation costs compared to the process layout.

The warehouse requirement for inventory is lower.

Açıklama:

Product Layouts
The general characteristics of the product layout are summarized below.

Production resources are designed for the purpose of high-speed production.

Automation systems used to improve production speed and performance result in high installation costs.

The process rate is faster as all the resources are ordered for efﬁcient production.

The arrangement of production resources according to the product, the proximity of the production lines to each other leads to lower material transportation costs compared to the process layout.

The warehouse requirement for inventory is lower.

•Since all facilities and resources are customized for the production of certain products, there is no flexibility when a new product is added to the system or when substantial changes to the product are required.
Product Layouts
The general characteristics of the product layout are summarized below.

Production resources are designed for the purpose of high-speed production.
Automation systems used to improve production speed and performance result in high installation costs.
The process rate is faster as all the resources are ordered for efﬁcient production.
The arrangement of production resources according to the product, the proximity of the production lines to each other leads to lower material transportation costs compared to the process layout.
The warehouse requirement for inventory is lower.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 27

What is the advantages of using the cell layout, also called hybrid layout?

applies the advantages of output layout only,

applies the advantages of process layout only,

applies the advantages of both product layout and output layout together,

applies the advantages of both product layout and process layout together,

applies the advantages of product layout only,

Açıklama:

Cell Layouts
The cell layout, also called hybrid layout, is the layout that applies the advantages of both product layout and process layout together. In the cell layout, it is possible to process product groups formed by similar geometry or similar methods in the same section. Machines with different functions are used to produce a group of products together in a cell. In this way, each cell benefits from the advantages of the product layout when forming a production line. The simultaneous operation of more than one cell also means the flexibility of the process layout.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 28

Which of the following pairs are important criteria for the selection of facility layout type?

volume and variety,

volume and varsity,

varsity and variety,

volume and speed,

speed and variety,

Açıklama:

DESIGNING FACILITY LAYOUTS
The number of products produced (volume) and the number of different products (variety) are important criteria for the selection of facility layout type.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 29

The number of options in the process layout is calculated by which of the following method?

the multiply of the number of workstations with eachother,

the double of the number of workstations,

the factorial of the number of workstations,

the sum of the number of workstations,

the number of workstations minus 1,

Açıklama:

Process Layout Design
The number of options in the process layout is calculated by the factorial of the number of workstations. For example, 5! = 1x2x3x4x5 = 120 different options can be created in a plant with five workstations.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 30

Which of the following statement is correct for the Production flow analysis?

It allows only the parts to be analyzed,

It allows the parts to be analyzed and grouped to similarities,

It allows the parts to be grouped,

It allows the parts to be grouped to similarities,

It allows the parts to be analyzed and reported,

Açıklama:

Cell Layout Design
Production flow analysis allows the parts to be analyzed and grouped to similarities.

Doğru Cevap: B

Ünite 5

Soru 1

Which of the following terms refers to the quantity of an item ordered for delivery on a specific date or manufactured in a single production run?

Inventory

Lot size

Abc analysis

Economic order quantity

Inventory management

Açıklama:

Lot size refers to the quantity of an item ordered for delivery on a specific date or manufactured in a single production run.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 2

Which term refers to a process designed to track the remaining inventory of an item each time when a withdrawal is made to determine whether it is time to reorder?

Continuous review system

Material requirements planning

Safety stock

Lot size

Lead time

Açıklama:

Continuous review system refers to a process designed to track the remaining inventory of an item each time when a withdrawal is made to determine whether it is time to reorder.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 3

In which system the inventory level is controlled at the beginning or end of predetermined time intervals?

Continuous review system

Two-bin system

Material requirement planning

Fixed order system

Periodic review system

Açıklama:

In periodic review system, the inventory level is controlled at the beginning or end of predetermined time intervals.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 4

Which of the terms below refers to the review of inventory levels by the experienced worker individually on the place of the inventory?

Continuous review system

Periodical review system

Lead time

Visual control

Economic order quantity

Açıklama:

Visual control, is a simple and practical method that is widely used in small businesses or markets. In this method, inventory levels are periodically reviewed by an experienced warehouse officer. Order items that fall below a certain level are immediately ordered. The level of order and the order quantity are entirely left to the official’s experience.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 5

I. Why to order?
II. When to order?
III. How much to order?
Which of the questions above does material requirement system try to answer?

Only I

Only II

Only III

I and III

II and III

Açıklama:

Material Requirement Planning (MRP) is a system that regulates production plans for final product’s production decisions, control of inventory levels of raw materials and parts, and programs of workshop and assembly unit. MRP is a method that tries to find the most economical answer to the questions of “when to order” and “how much to order” for dependent inventory items.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 6

Which aspect about material requirement planning below is FALSE?

Ordering up to actual requirement

No demand for lead time

History based demand

Quantity and time-based system

Safety stock for the final products

Açıklama:

Aspects of material requirement planing are as follows:

Dependent demand

Ordering up to actual requirement

For product

Discrete demand

Known demand behavior

No demand for lead time

Order is based on requirement and time

Demand due to future production

Estimation of the items in the master production

Quantity and time-based system

Safety stock for the final products

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 7

Which is FALSE about successful implementation of the MRP system?

Supply sources should be reliable.

The smallest failure in the supply can cause the entire production to stop.

MRP can be applied without the use of information technologies.

Supply sources should be punctual.

All employees such as operator, analyst, purchasing agent, planner, quality controller, must be fully trained in the updating of the system.

Açıklama:

The three important factors for successful implementation of the MRP system are:

Supply sources should be reliable and punctual. Since the delay allowances are too small, the smallest failure in the supply can cause the entire production to stop.
MRP requires a great deal of information and processing capacity. For this reason, MRP application is not possible without computer and other information technologies.
All employees such as operator, analyst, purchasing agent, planner, quality controller, must be fully trained in the updating of the system.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 8

What is the sum of the cost of capital plus the variable costs of keeping items on hand, such as storage and handling costs and taxes, insurance, and shrinkage costs called?

Shortage cost

Inventory holding cost

Order cost

Pareto

Kanban

Açıklama:

Inventory holding cost (H): Costs are arising due to inventory holding. Inventory holding cost is the sum of the cost of capital plus the variable costs of keeping items on hand, such as storage and handling costs and taxes, insurance, and shrinkage costs. When these components change with inventory levels, so does the holding cost.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 9

Which of the statements about the underlying assumptions for the EOQ model is TRUE?

The demand rate for the year is known.

The order quantity (Q) is temporary.

The lead time is fluctuating.

The cost of ordering depends on order quantity.

Orders are delivered at different times.

Açıklama:

Following are the underlying assumptions for the EOQ model. • The demand rate for the product (D) is constant and uniform throughout the entire planning horizon. • The order quantity (Q) is constant. • The demand rate for the year is known and evenly spread throughout the year. The product price is constant for the entire planning period. • The lead time is not fluctuating. • The average inventory level is taken into account when calculating the cost of holding. • The cost of ordering is constant and independent from order quantity. • All the demand in the planning period must be met. • All orders are delivered simultaneously.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 10

What a minority of inputs resulting in the majority of outputs is called?

Inventory

Kanban

Lot size

Pareto

Lead-time

Açıklama:

Pareto principle can be interpreted as that a minority of inputs (around 20 percent of the input) results in the majority of outputs (around 80 percent of the output).

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 11

What does "the process of ordering, storing, and using a company’s inventory" stand for?

Inventory management

Production

Lot size

Continuous Review System

Safety Stock

Açıklama:

Inventory management refers to the process of ordering, storing, and using a company’s inventory.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 12

Which of the following is not necessary to be met in inventory control?

Desired time

Desired location

Desired quantity

Desired quality

Desired color

Açıklama:

The purpose of inventory control is to ensure that the material requirements are met at the “desired time”, at the “desired quantity”, at the “desired location” and at the “desired quality”. In order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to determine “which materials” are to be stocked and to decide “what amount of inventory” is to be kept.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 13

What does "a system designed to track the remaining inventory of an item each time when a withdrawal is made to determine whether it is time to reorder" stand for?

Material requirements planning

Two-bin system

Continuous review system

Periodic review system

Safety stock for all items

Açıklama:

Continuous Review System: A system designed to track the remaining inventory of an item each time when a withdrawal is made to determine whether it is time to reorder.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 14

What does "the review of inventory levels by the experienced worker individually on the place of the inventory" stand for?

Lead Time

Visual Control

Order Quantity

Inventory Level

Final Product

Açıklama:

Visual control is the review of inventory levels by the experienced worker individually on the place of the inventory.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 15

Which of the following is not one of the contributions of the MRP system to the provision of effective inventory management?

Inventory investments are kept in a minimum level

MRP creates a forward-looking perspective based on inventory items

Order quantities are determined according to the requirements

It focuses on the timing and complete fulfillment of requirements

The MRP system is open to gradual changes

Açıklama:

The MRP system contributes to the provision of effective inventory management at the following points:
• Inventory investments are kept in a minimum level.
• The MRP system is sensitive to changes.
• MRP creates a forward-looking perspective based on inventory items.
• Order quantities are determined according to the requirements.
• It focuses on the timing and complete fulfillment of requirements.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 16

Which of the following is not one of the wastes determined by Toyota?

Inventory

Motion

Transport

Under-processing

Defects

Açıklama:

The seven wastes that causes the costs to increase were determined by Toyota, the developer of the lean production system, as follows:
1. Overproduction
2. Transport
3. Inventory
4. Motion
5. Defects
6. Over-processing
7. Waiting

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 17

Where was Lean Enterprise Institute founded?

Japan

USA

Korea

Swedan

Açıklama:

Lean Enterprise Institute (LEI) (http://www.lean.org/), is a nonprofit publication-training and research organization founded in the United States in 1997 to promote a broad range of lean thinking principles from production to service sectors and in all aspects of business.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 18

What does H stand for among the variables used in the EOQ model?

Annual interest rate

Purchasing price per unit

Annual cost of holding per unit

Order quantity

Ordering cost per batch

Açıklama:

The variables used in the EOQ model are as follows:
D = Annual demand (unit/year)
C = Purchasing price per unit (T/unit)
A = Ordering cost per batch (T/batch)
i = Annual interest rate (%)
H = Annual cost of holding per unit (T/unit-year)
Q = Order quantity (unit)

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 19

Which of the following is one of the differences between barcode scanner and RFID?

A barcode scanner uses small microchips

A barcode scanner will pick up on the signals coming from all of the microchips

An RFID needs to scan each unit individually

RFID use barcodes printed on pieces of paper

With RFID technology, the task of controlling inventory is made much easier and faster.

Açıklama:

Also known as RFID, such systems make inventory control very easy. Both RFID technology and barcode technology involve the
scanning of products in order to enter them into the system. The main difference between the two is that barcode systems use barcodes printed on pieces of paper, which are then stuck on the products, while RFID uses small microchips that are either placed on a tag attached to the product or on the packaging of the product itself.
Another major difference is the bandwidth of the two technologies. A barcode scanner needs to scan each unit individually for it to be entered into the system. An RFID reception device, on the other hand, will pick up on the signals coming from all of the microchips within a given radius. With RFID technology, the task of controlling inventory is made much easier and faster.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 20

Which of the following can be considered as the cost of opportunity loss?

Shortage cost

Inventory holding cost

Order cost

Total Cost

Minimum
Cost

Açıklama:

A large part of this cost arises from cost of investment tied to the inventory. This cost can be considered as the cost of opportunity loss which is the result of the deprivation of loan interest or other investments that could have been done with this money.

Doğru Cevap: B

Ünite 6

Soru 1

"______ is an integrated series of planning techniques developed to ensure the efficient use of all resources such as materials, machinery, money and people."
What is the term that defines the statement?

ERP

MRP II

MRP

APICS

MPC

Açıklama:

MRP II is an integrated series of planning techniques developed to ensure the efficient use of all resources such as materials, machinery, money and people. The right option is "B".

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 2

I.It ensures that the numbers generated at the time of the transaction are reflected in the financial system. II.It gives the opportunity to examine the results of different master production schedules or different policies with what-if analysis. III. It is a system that integrates basic components of planning and controlsuch as sales, products, inventories, business centers, production schedules, cash flows and so on. VI. It is a very useful system for the companies that assemble mixed materials and companies that want to make the material priorities and capacity control in the best way. What are the basic features of MRP II according to Wight?

I,II,III

I and II

I,II,III,IV

III and IV

I,II,IV

Açıklama:

MRP is a very useful system for the companies that assemble mixed materials and companies that want to make the material priorities and capacity control in the best way. The other choices are about MRP II. The right choice is "A".

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 3

After the MRP, a more efficient system was developed in order to overcome some of the inadequacies of MRP. With it companies were able to answer additional questions such as: “Is there enough capacity for the orders received?” and “Which resources are the bottleneck resources?”.
According to the given information what is the name of this efficient system?

Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP II)

Closed Loop MRP (CLMRP)

Master Production Schedule (MPS)

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

Supply Chain Management (SCM)

Açıklama:

After the MRP, a more efficient system called “Closed Loop MRP” (CL-MRP) was developed in order to overcome some of the inadequacies of MRP. With CLMRP companies were able to answer additional questions such as: “Is there enough capacity for the orders received?” and “Which resources are the bottleneck resources?”. The right option is "B".

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 4

"With the intense competition in the 1990s, the need to expand to international markets has created the need for integration across the international firms for the enterprises that are central to different geographical regions. Thus, a new need for information technology has emerged." According to the given information what is the new concept which emerged?

Manufacturing resource planning (MRP II)

Master Production Schedule (MPS)

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

Supply Chain Management (SCM)

Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

Açıklama:

With the strong changes in the market, technological developments and the orientation towards the institutionalization of the organizational structure of the companies, a new concept, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), has emerged. The right choice is "C".

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 5

Which option shows the chronological order of the transformation process in time ?

MRP - CLMRP - MRP II - ERP - ERP ?

CLMRP - MRP - MRP II - ERP ? - ERP

ERP ?- ERP -CLMRP - MRP - MRP II

MRP - MRP II - ERP - ERP ? - CLMRP

ERP ? - MRP - ERP - MRP II - CLMRP

Açıklama:

The chronological order of this transformation process is shown in option "A".

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 6

"_______ is the process of planning the amount and timing of output in the medium to long term by regulating production speed, workforce size, inventory and other controllable resources."
Which MRP II module is mentioned above?

Master Production Schedule

Rough Cut Capacity Planning

Material Requirements Planning

Capacity Requirements Planning

Production and Sales Planning

Açıklama:

Production and sales planning is the process of planning the amount and timing of output in the medium to long term by regulating production speed, workforce size, inventory and other controllable resources "E".

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 7

I. To keep customer satisfaction as high as possible.
II. To ensure the best use of material, labor and production tools.
III.To consider customer orders.
IV. To keep the level of investment in the material at the desired level.
V.To consider sales forecasts.
Which of the above show the purpose of the master production schedule?

I,II,IV

III and V

I,III,IV

I,II,III,IV,V

II,IV,V

Açıklama:

The purpose of the master production schedule;

To keep customer satisfaction as high as possible. To do so, balance product stock levels and delivery dates to customers.
To ensure the best use of material, labor and production tools.
To keep the level of investment in the material at the desired level.

Two main factors are considered when determining the main production plan:

Sales forecasts
Customer orders

The right choice is "A".

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 8

What is used to prepare work orders that detail the daily activities of workers?

PSP outputs

MRP outputs

BOM outputs

MPS output

CRP outputs

Açıklama:

Work orders that detail the daily activities of workers are prepared using MRP outputs.The right choice is "B".

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 9

I.Gross Requirement
II.Scheduled receipt
III.Projected inventory
IV.Net Requirement
V.Planned receipts
VI.Planned order release
How can the basic concepts used in MRP operations can be defined?

I,II,III,IV

II,IV,V,VI

I,II,III,IV,V,VI

I,III,VI

I,II,III,IV,V

Açıklama:

The basic concepts used in MRP operations can be defined as follows:
I.Gross Requirement
II.Scheduled receipt
III.Projected inventory
IV.Net Requirement
V.Planned receipts
VI.Planned order release
The right choice is "C".

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 10

What is the best way to ship a product to a specific customer?
What is the optimal production plan?
How much product should ship to specific intermediaries?
How can outbound and inbound transportation costs be minimized?

What is the name of the system which helps answer the questions above and designed to improve decision making in the supply chain?

ASP

ERP

MRP II

APICS

SCM

Açıklama:

SCM system is designed to improve decision making in the supply chain. It helps answer such questions as:

What is the best way to ship a product to a specific customer?
What is the optimal production plan?
How much product should ship to specific intermediaries?
How can outbound and inbound transportation costs be minimized?

The right choice is "E".

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 11

When was the MRP concept introduced to the business world?

1960

1961

1962

1963

1964

Açıklama:

In 1960, the MRP concept was introduced to the business world, as IBM launched the first economic computer that commercial enterprises could own.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 12

Which of the following enterprise resource planning systems emerged after CL-MRP?

MRP

MRP II

ERP

ERP II

SCM

Açıklama:

MRP CLMRP MRP II ERP ERP ?
1960’s 1970’s 1980’s 1990’s 2000’s 2010’s

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 13

Which of the following is NOT one of the purposes of the master production schedule?

To keep customer satisfaction as high as possible

To balance product stock levels and delivery dates to customers

To ensure the best use of material, labor and production tools

To promote the staff who are in charge of this process

To keep the level of investment in the material at the desired level

Açıklama:

The purpose of the master production schedule;
• To keep customer satisfaction as high as possible. To do so, balance product stock levels and delivery dates to customers.
• To ensure the best use of material, labor and production tools.
• To keep the level of investment in the material at the desired level.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 14

Which of the following is a transformed form of the master production schedule into workloads?

MRP

MPS

RCCP

ERP

CL-MRP

Açıklama:

Rough cut capacity planning (RCCP) is the approach of roughly estimating and determining the required level of capacity problems in order to realize the master production schedule. It can also be considered as a transformed form of the master production schedule into workloads.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 15

Which of the following is NOT one of the basic concepts used in MRP operations?

Planned order release

Scheduled receipt

Gross Requirement

Net Requirement

Projected customers

Açıklama:

The basic concepts used in MRP operations can be defined as follows:
• Gross Requirement
• Scheduled receipt
• Projected inventory
• Net Requirement
• Planned receipts
• Planned order release

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 16

What does "the purchase order quantity for the materials to be purchased and the production work order amounts for the materials to be produced" stand for?

Total cost

Batch size

Gross requirements

Material cost

Manufacturing cost

Açıklama:

The concept of batch size refers to the purchase order quantity for the materials to be purchased and the production work order amounts for the materials to be produced.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 17

What does " an information system designed to integrate internal and external members of the supply chain" stand for?

ERP

MPS

MRP

FPQ

LTC

Açıklama:

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is an information system designed to integrate internal and external members of the supply chain.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 18

What does " a record that shows which operations the part will go through in the factory in order for a production to take place" stand for?

Order

Route

Cost

Balance

Period

Açıklama:

The route is a record that shows which operations the part will go through in the factory in order for a production to take place.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 19

Which of the following categories does Field Service belong to?

Manufacturing

Accounting and Finance

Customer Service

Supply Chain Management

Human Resources

Açıklama:

Customer Service
• Field service
• Quality

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 20

What does Application Service Provider do?

Sets up the framework and operates it for the organization

Organizes the orders and categorize them

Designs the new plant and manufactures the systems

Examines the utilization levels of existing or planned facilities

Determines the parts that are in the process

Açıklama:

The ERP provider is commonly called as an Application Service Provider (ASP).TheASPsetsup the framework and operates it for the organization.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 21

Choose the option that completes the following sentence correctly.
"Manufacturing Resource Planning is mentioned in the literature with the abbreviation MRP II to avoid confusion with the .........."

Material Requirements Planning

Management Redistribution Planning

Manufacture and Restructuring Planning

Minimized Revenue Planning

Malfunction Resource Planning

Açıklama:

Manufacturing Resource Planning is mentioned in the literature with the abbreviation MRP II to avoid confusion with the Material Requirements Planning.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 22

Choose the option that completes the following sentence correctly.
"The MRP II system is followed by a .......... approach."

circular

top-down

horizontal

bottom-up

superficial

Açıklama:

The MRP II system is followed by a top-down approach.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 23

Choose the option that completes the following sentence correctly.
".......... is a computerized information system developed specifically to help manufacturers manage dependent demand inventory and schedule replenishment orders."

Manufactoring Resource Planning

Production and Inventory Control System

Material Requirements Planning

Master Production Scheduling

Demand Management

Açıklama:

Material Requirements Planning is a computerized information system developed specifically to help manufacturers manage dependent demand inventory and schedule replenishment orders.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 24

Which of the following is an MRP system that includes production planning, master production scheduling, and capacity requirements planning?

Manufacturing order

Open-loop MRP

Purchasing order

Master capacity planning

Closed-loop MRP

Açıklama:

Closed-loop MRP is an MRP system that includes production planning, master production scheduling, and capacity requirements planning.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 25

Which of the following concepts chronologically followed MRP and MRP II?

CL-MRP (CLosed-loop MRP)

ERP (Enterprie Resource Planning)

CRP (Capacity Requirement Planning)

MPS (Master Production Scheduling)

SOP (sales and Operations Planning)

Açıklama:

ERP (Enterprie Resource Planning) chronologically followed MRP and MRP II.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 26

Which of the following is the process of planning the amount and timing of output in the medium to long term by regulating production speed, workforce size, inventory and other controllable resources?

Master Production Schedule

Estimated Demand Planning

Production and Sales Planning

Production Quantity Schedule

Enterprise Manufacture Planning

Açıklama:

Production and Sales Planning is the process of planning the amount and timing of output in the medium to long term by regulating production speed, workforce size, inventory and other controllable resources.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 27

Which of the following is a plan that details how many end items will be produced within specified periods of time?

Capacity Requirement Planning

Material Requirement Planning

Rough-cut Planning

Master Production Schedule

Purchase Order System

Açıklama:

Master Production Schedule is a plan that details how many end items will be produced within specified periods of time.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 28

Which of the following is the approach of roughly estimating and determining the required level of capacity problems in order to realize the master production schedule?

Master Production Schedule

Rough Cut Capacity Planning

Closed Cut Production Planning

Rough Loop Production Schedule

Rough Sales Forecast Capacity Schedule

Açıklama:

Rough cut capacity planning (RCCP) is the approach of roughly estimating and determining the
required level of capacity problems in order to realize the master production schedule.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 29

Choose the option that completes the following sentence correctly.
"The orders given to each of the actions that must be taken in order to obtain the product are called .......... orders."

release

inventory

master

material

work

Açıklama:

The orders given to each of the actions that must be taken in order to obtain the product are called work orders.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 30

Choose the option that completes the following sentence correctly.
"The concept of .......... refers to the purchase order quantity for the materials to be purchased and the production work order amounts for the materials to be produced."

route

explosion

batch size

gross requirement

planned receipt

Açıklama:

The concept of batch size refers to the purchase order quantity for the materials to be purchased and the production work order amounts for the materials to be produced.

Doğru Cevap: C

Ünite 7

Soru 1

I.Identify Value
II.Map the Value Stream
III.Create Flow
IV.Establish Pull
V.Seek Perfection
Which of the above are the main principles of lean systems?

I,III,IV

I,II,IV,V

I,II,III,IV,V

II,III,V

I,II,III

Açıklama:

Five main principles of lean systems are: value, value stream, flow, pull and perfection.The right choice is "C".

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 2

What is the combination of all steps and processes over the entire life cycle of products or services?

Value stream

Flow

Pull

value

Perfection

Açıklama:

Value stream is the combination of all steps and processes over the entire life cycle of products or services. The right choice is "A".

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 3

Which option is correct about lean systems?

Derived from the Toyota Production System (TPS) in the 19th century.

Derived from the Toyota Production System (TPS) in the middle of the 20th century.

Derived from the Ford System (FS) in the middle of the 20th century.

Derived from the Ford System (FS) in the middle of the 19 th century.

Derived from the Toyota Production System (TPS) in the 21st century.

Açıklama:

Lean systems are derived from the Toyota Production System (TPS) in the middle of the 20th century. The correct option is "B".

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 4

I.Plan
II.Check
III.Value
IV.Do
V.Pull
VI.Act
Which of the above are the phases used by Kaizen?

I,II,III,IV,V,VI

II,III,V,VI

I,III,IV,V

IV,V,VI

I,II,IV,VI

Açıklama:

Kaizen essentially uses a strategy composed of 4 phases known as the PDCA cycle: Plan (P), Do (D), Check (C), Act (A).The right choice is "E".

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 5

I.Transportation
II.Inventory
III.Waiting
IV.Motion
V.Overproduction
VI.Overprocessing
What are the types of waste that were defined originally by Taiichi Ohno in lean systems?

I,III,IV,V

I,II,III,IV,V,VI

I,II,III,IV

III,V,VI

I,II,V,VI

Açıklama:

7 types of waste were defined originally by Taiichi Ohno as: Transportation, Inventory, Motion, Waiting, Overproduction, Overprocessing and Defects.The right option is "B".

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 6

All ________ that is more than necessary for a steady production flow in a Just-inTime manner is considered as waste.
Which waste in Lean Systems is mentioned above?

Transportation

Defects

Overproduction

Inventory

Over-processing

Açıklama:

All inventory that is more than necessary for a steady production flow in a Just-inTime manner is considered as waste. The right choice is "D".

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 7

"To cause overburden, meaning to give excessive or unreasonable work beyond one’s power, causing unnecessary stress to workers"
Which one of the following stands for the definition above?

Muri

Mura

Motion

Muda

Movement

Açıklama:

Muri is to cause overburden, meaning to give excessive or unreasonable work beyond one’s power, causing unnecessary stress to workers. The right choice is "A".

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 8

"It is a continuous improvement management concept and aims to reduce defects by standardizing each process and making the perfect production at the first time with very little variation to increase customer satisfaction."
Which of the following terms defines the statement above?

JIT

3Ms

PDCA

TPS

TQM

Açıklama:

TQM is a continuous improvement management concept and aims to reduce defects by standardizing each process and making the perfect production at the first time with very little variation to increase customer satisfaction. The right choice is "E".

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 9

What does one-piece flow work best with?

Seiketsu (Standardize)

Cellular layout

Kanban method

Single minute exchange of dies technique

Just-in-Time Production

Açıklama:

One-piece flow works best with a cellular (generally U-shaped) layout. The right choice is "B".

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 10

Which of the following phases is about standards for always keeping the work environment clean and neat shoul be set?

Seiketsu (Standardize)

Shitsuke (Sustain)

Seiso (Shine)

Seiton (Set in order)

Seiri (Sort)

Açıklama:

Seiketsu (Standardize): In this fourth phase, standards for always keeping the work environment clean and neat should be set. The right choice is "A".

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 11

What are the two main pillars of lean systems?

Continuous Improvement - Respect for People

Continuous Production - Zero Waste

Customer Satisfaction - Minimum Waste

Waste Elimination - Continuous Improvement

Continuous Improvement - Continuous Production

Açıklama:

'Continuous improvement' and 'respect for people' are the two main pillars of lean systems. Lean systems always aim to design better processes and search for improvement.
'Continuous improvement' and 'respect for people' are the two main pillars of lean systems. Therefore, the correct choice is A.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 12

Which of the following concepts were used to develop Toyota Production System?

Value and Flow

Jidoka and Just-in-Time

Pull and Kaizen

Muda and Kaizen

Muri and Mura

Açıklama:

Jidoka is about quality at source and means 'automation with a human touch', requiring that when a problem occurs, process should be automatically stopped to prevent defective products to be produced. On the other hand, Just-in-Time requires each process to be done only when it is needed by the next process in a continuous flow. Just-in-Time approach aimed to minimize inventories by producing what is needed at the exact time when it is needed.
Toyota Production System was built on two concepts, Jidoka and Just-in-Time. Therefore, the correct choice is B.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 13

Which of the following statements is true according to the comparison of Ford and Toyota production systems?

Ford produced small batches of multiple types of products and applied Just-in-Time principles.

Inspection was done by managers or controllers in Toyota Production System.

Toyota Production System used the push strategy.

Worker authority and responsibility was high in Toyota Production System.

Ford’s mass production system focused on the workers and cared about their thoughts and cooperative efforts.

Açıklama:

Ford’s mass production system was designed to produce a few types of products with large quantities. However, Toyota Production System was designed to handle product variety and it was much easier to make changes in the products or processes depending on customer needs. They developed new approaches to decrease the setup and changeover times in production that allowed them to be much more flexible. They could produce small batches of multiple types of products and apply Just-in-Time principles. Thus, Toyota became much more successful in satisfying customer needs and increased their sales significantly in a very short time. Different than Ford’s mass production system, TPS also focused on the workers and cared about their thoughts and cooperative efforts. They designed a “Team Development” approach to improve the processes and the quality of production.
Worker authority and responsibility was high in Toyota Production System. Even inspections were done by workers. Therefore, the correct choice is D.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 14

Which of the following is NOT one of the five main principles of lean systems?

Perfection

Pull

Value stream

Value

Push

Açıklama:

Toyota was able to produce high quality products efficiently and quickly that will satisfy customer requirements. After the success of Toyota, lean principles and lean thinking ideas spread over to many other companies all over the world. Five main principles of lean systems are; value, value stream, flow, pull and perfection.
Five main principles of lean systems are; value, value stream, flow, pull and perfection. Therefore, the correct choice is E.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 15

'All production should be done in a synchronized setting such that each process should be completed exactly when it is needed by the next step.'
Which of the following main principles of lean systems is the best option to explain the sentence above?

Value

Pull

Value Stream

Flow

Perfection

Açıklama:

All production should be done in a synchronized setting such that each process should be completed exactly when it is needed by the next step. This principle is related to the Just-in-Time idea. In this system, products are not built in advance and expensive inventory costs are eliminated. Pull system requires great flexibility in the production process and efficient ways of communication and thus the production system should be designed accordingly.
Pull principle requires that no process should be made ahead of time and all inventories should be eliminated. Therefore, the correct choice is B.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 16

Which of the following is the best option to explain the term 'Kaizen'?

Continuous production

Continuous flow

Continuous improvement

Continuous waste

Continuous inspection

Açıklama:

Kaizen is a Japanese term for continuous improvement and has an important place in lean systems. It proposes to continually improve activities, processes and products to satisfy customer needs. It focuses on value-added activities and aims to eliminate waste. Kaizen requires all employees at all levels of the company work together to improve the system. Kaizen essentially uses a strategy composed of 4 phases known as the PDCA cycle: Plan (P), Do (D), Check (C) and Act (A).
Kaizen is a Japanese term for continuous improvement. Therefore, the correct choice is C.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 17

Which of the following is not one of the 4 phases in the PDCA cycle of Kaizen?

Plan

Check

Push

Act

Açıklama:

Kaizen essentially uses a strategy composed of 4 phases known as the PDCA cycle: Plan (P), Do (D), Check (C)and Act (A).
Push is not one of the 4 phases in the PDCA cycle of Kaizen. Therefore, the correct choice is C.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 18

'Nearly all of the Turkish Airlines cabin crew have over 80 hours of monthly flight schedule and suffer from overwork load and fatigue which causes small occupational accidents.'
Which of the following term is the best option to explain the situation above?

Muri

Mura

Kaizen

Muda

JIT

Açıklama:

Muri is to cause overburden, meaning to give excessive or unreasonable work beyond one’s power, causing unnecessary stress to workers. Muri can be caused by uneven workloads which can cause some workers to be overburdened.
Also, other problems in the system, such as lack of training, undefined or unclear work instructions, inappropriate work assignments, excessive performance measures etc. can cause Muri.
Muri is also observed when workers or machines are utilized over their capabilities to complete a task.
Muri may result in worker absenteeism, fatigue, illness, problems in worker health, work accidents and breakdowns of machines.
Muri is to cause overburden, meaning to give excessive or unreasonable work beyond one’s power, causing unnecessary stress to workers. Therefore, the correct choice is A.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 19

'Kanban is ____________.'
Which of the following is the best option to complete the sentence above?

what the customer is willing to pay for

a visual method for controlling production

a continuous improvement management concept

the rate of customer requests of products from the production line

refers to any idle time during the production of a product

Açıklama:

Kanban is a visual method for controlling production in lean systems as a part of the pull approach. It is used to control inventory levels and the production and supply of components.
Kanban is a visual method for controlling production in lean systems. Therefore, the correct choice is B.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 20

Which of the following is the term for 'the methodology that aims to create a clean, uncluttered, safe, and well organized workplace to reduce waste and increase productivity'?

SMED

Kaizen

Muri

Mura

Açıklama:

5S represents five Japanese words beginning with the letter 'S' used to create a workplace suited for visual control and lean production. These words are Seiri (Sort), Seiton (Set in order), Seiso (Shine), Seiketsu (Standardize) and Shitsuke (Sustain).
5S is a methodology that aims to create a clean, uncluttered, safe, and well organized workplace to reduce waste and increase productivity. Therefore, the correct choice is E.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 21

Lean systems focus on producing exactly what the customer wants
Lean tries to improve value with less work to provide perfect value to the customer with a perfect value creation process with zero waste
“Continuous improvement” and “respect for people” are the two main pillars of lean systems
Leaders of lean systems often spend their time advising and actively working with their workers to identify problems and to improve their systems by eliminating wastes

Which of the given is correct for lean systems?

I - II - III - IV

I - II - III

II - III - IV

I - III - IV

I - II - IV

Açıklama:

Lean systems are built on the principle of defining value from the viewpoint of the customer, and they aim to continually improve their system by eliminating every waste that does not contribute to the value of the product. Lean tries to improve value with less work to provide perfect value to the customer with a perfect value creation process with zero waste (Skhmot, 2017). Lean systems focus on producing exactly what the customer wants, when the customer wants with less resources.
“Continuous improvement” and “respect for people” are the two main pillars of lean systems. Lean systems always aim to design better processes and search for improvement. The concept of “kaizen”, which means continuous improvement, has a very important place in lean systems. Lean philosophy also includes respect for people. It aims to benefit from human potential by including workers in decision processes and caring about their ideas in order to improve their work. Leaders of lean systems often spend their time advising and actively working with their workers to identify problems and to improve their systems by eliminating wastes.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 22

"Lean systems are derived from the Toyota Production System (TPS) ....................."
Which of the following correctly fills in the blank?

at the end of the 20th century

in the middle of the 20th century

early 20th century

early 21st century

in the middle of the 21st century

Açıklama:

Lean systems are derived from the Toyota Production System (TPS) in the middle of the 20th century.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 23

Which of the following statements is not true?

Toyota Production System was built on two concepts: Jidoka and Just-in-Time.

Just-in-Time requires each process to be done only when it is needed by the next process in a continuous flow.

Jidoka is about quality at source and means “automation with a human touch”, requiring that when a problem occurs, process should be automatically stopped to prevent defective products to be produced.

Sakichi Toyoda developed new ideas that became known as the Toyota Production System, which is later also named as the Lean System.

Toyota was founded in 1926 by Sakichi Toyoda.

Açıklama:

Ohno developed new ideas that became known as the Toyota Production System, which is later also named as the Lean System.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 24

value
value stream
flow
pull
perfection

Which of the given above are main principles of lean systems?

I - II - III - IV - V

I - II - III - IV

I - II - III - V

I - II - IV - V

II - III - IV - V

Açıklama:

Five main principles of lean systems, which were first introduced by Womack et al. (1990), are stated as: value, value stream, flow, pull and perfection

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 25

Value is defined by the quality of the product.

Companies need to apply different methods to understand what their customers want.

Value needs to be specified from the end customer’s standpoint and it also defines the price.

The companies need to focus on eliminating waste to deliver the value that the customer expects at lowest cost and highest profitability.

Which of the given above is correct for "value"?

Only I

Only II

I and II

I and III

II - III - IV

Açıklama:

Value: Lean systems approach starts with understanding the value of products and services for the customers. Value is defined by what the customer is willing to pay for. Companies need to apply different methods to understand what their customers want. Womack and Jones (2003) state that: “The critical starting point for lean thinking is value. Value can only be defined by the ultimate customer. And it’s only meaningful when expressed in terms of a specific product (a good or service, often both at once) which meets the customer’s needs at a specific point in time.” Value needs to be specified from the end customer’s standpoint and it also defines the price. Then, the companies need to focus on eliminating waste to deliver the value that the customer expects at lowest cost and highest profitability

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 26

Which of the following is not correct?

Kaizen is a lean principle that means continuous improvement.

Perfection principle aims to reach to a perfect system that satisfies the customer expectations completely by producing the highest quality products in a very short time at a very low cost by eliminating all waste from the system.

In a flow setting, pull principle states that nothing should be made until it is needed by the next step.

Flow is the creation of a chain of value adding steps with no interruption between the processes.

Value stream is defined by what the customer is willing to pay for.

Açıklama:

Value stream is the combination of all steps and processes over the entire life cycle of products or services, from the raw materials until the delivery of the end result to the customers.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 27

"In this phase the problem or the improvement opportunity is identified and analyzed. In this step, the current situation is analyzed, objectives are clearly determined, solution alternatives are identified, and a plan is made to improve the system."
Which phase of Kaizen is defined above?

Plan

Check

Act

Evaluate

Açıklama:

Plan: In this phase the problem or the improvement opportunity is identified and analyzed. In this step, the current situation is analyzed, objectives are clearly determined, solution alternatives are identified, and a plan is made to improve the system.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 28

Defects
Transportation
Overprocessing
Overproduction
Inventory
Waiting
Motion

Which of the given are among the types of waste defined by Taiichi Ohno?

I - II - III - IV - V - VI - VII

I - II - III - IV - V

III - IV - V - VI - VII

I - II - III - V - VI - VII

I - II - III - VII

Açıklama:

Originally, 7 types of such waste were defined by Taiichi Ohno as Defects, Transportation, Overprocessing, Overproduction, Inventory, Waiting, and Motion.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 29

Which statement is correct?

Muri means unevenness and imbalance of processes.

Mura is to cause overburden, meaning to give excessive or unreasonable work beyond one’s power, causing unnecessary stress to workers.

Mura is also observed when workers or machines are utilized over their capabilities to complete a task.

Mura may result in worker absenteeism, fatigue, illness, problems in worker health, work accidents and breakdowns of machines.

In order to avoid Muri, activities should be standardized and workloads should be evenly distributed according to worker capabilities.

Açıklama:

In order to avoid Muri, activities should be standardized and workloads should be evenly distributed according to worker capabilities.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 30

Lean philosophy places a great importance in quality.
One of the main ideas in lean philosophy is to determine and solve the problems.
Just-in-Time production simply means producing the right quantity of products at the right place at the right time.
Takt time is the rate of customer requests of products from the production line.
TQM is a continuous improvement management concept and aims to reduce defects by standardizing each process and making the perfect production at the first time with very little variation to increase customer satisfaction.

Which of the given statements are correct?

I - II - III - IV - V

I - II - III - IV

I - II - III - V

II - III - IV - V

I - II - IV - V

Açıklama:

Lean philosophy places a great importance in quality.
One of the main ideas in lean philosophy is to determine and solve the problems.
Just-in-Time production simply means producing the right quantity of products at the right place at the right time.
Takt time is the rate of customer requests of products from the production line.
TQM is a continuous improvement management concept and aims to reduce defects by standardizing each process and making the perfect production at the first time with very little variation to increase customer satisfaction.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 31

What is the name of the system that designs its processes to continuously increase customer value with the ultimate goal to achieve perfect value with zero waste?

Smart System

Soft System

Lean System

Practice System

Design System

Açıklama:

Lean systems have the objective to maximize customer value while minimizing waste. A lean system designs its processes to continuously increase customer value with the ultimate goal to achieve perfect value with zero waste. Eliminating waste over the whole business creates a system that requires less effort, less space, less time and less costs with fewer defects, compared to traditional systems. The answer is C.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 32

From whose viewpoint the lean systems are built on?

The viewpoint of the customer

The viewpoint of the seller

The viewpoint of the designer

The viewpoint of the market

The viewpoint of the producer

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 33

Which one of the following principles are not among the principles of lean systems?

value

value stream

flow

pull

creation

Açıklama:

Five main principles of lean systems, which were first introduced by Womack et al. (1990), are stated
as: value, value stream, flow, pull and perfection. The answer is E.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 34

Which is the lean system principle that means the creation of a chain of value adding steps with no interruption between the processes?

Value Stream

Perfection

Pull

Value

Flow

Açıklama:

Flow is the creation of a chain of value adding steps with no interruption between the processes. In a flow setting, each activity should be fully in line with the others and value-creating steps should be sequenced tightly one after the other, so that the product flows smoothly from the beginning to the end customer. If the value adding steps do not move forward at any point, it leads to the creation of waste. The answer is E.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 35

In which of the following statements are the phases of KAIZEN listed in a correct order?

Do, Check, Act, Plan

Plan, Do, Check, Act

Do, Act, Plan, Check

Plan, Do, Act, Check,

Do, Plan, Act, Check

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 36

In which KAIZEN phase phase are the collected data and the results analyzed and their effectiveness are
measured?

Check

Plan

Act

Create

Açıklama:

Check: In this phase, the collected data and the results are analyzed and their effectiveness are measured. Unexpected issues and their causes are also identified in this step, and key learnings are
obtained. Do and Check steps might be repeated many times until the expected results are obtained and determined objectives are reached. The best solution is decided as a result of Check phase. The result is A.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 37

What are Muda (waste), Mura (unevenness) and Muri (overburden)?

Types of lean systems

Solutions of lean systems

Enemies of lean systems

Elements of lean systems

Bases of lean systems

Açıklama:

Lean systems have three types of enemies that cause inefficient use of resources. These three types are named as Muda (waste), Mura (unevenness) and Muri (overburden), also called 3Ms of lean systems. The answer is C.

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 38

What are the unnecessary movements of products, materials, tools, inventory, equipment, etc. considered as?

Inventory Waste

Transportation Waste

Motion Waste

Overproduction Waste

Overprocessing Waste

Açıklama:

Unnecessary movements of products, materials, tools, inventory, equipment, etc. are considered as the transportation waste. These movements do not add any value to the product and lead to unnecessary work, loss of effort and time, and also can cause damages to the products. In order to avoid such waste, several measures can be applied such as developing a U-shaped production line, locating facilities that have more interactions closer to each other, creating flow between processes, avoiding unnecessary handling of materials, decreasing work-in-process inventories etc. The answer is B.

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 39

What is the term used for producing the right quantity of products at the right place at the right time?

Just-in-Time Dissemination

Just-in-Time Selling

Just-in-Time Development

Just-in-Time Production

Just-in-Time Working

Açıklama:

Just-in-Time production simply means producing the right quantity of products at the right place at the right time. Before JIT was developed by Toyota, most companies kept large amounts of inventory just in case they would need them to satisfy the demand. Instead of making production in large quantities and keeping inventories, Taiichi Ohno developed a production system that orders and makes production in small quantities in short production cycles. This system was designed to ensure that each part would arrive to a place exactly when it is needed (i.e. just in time to be used), eliminating the need to keep it in inventory. The answer is D.

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 40

What is a visual method for controlling production in lean systems as a part of the pull approach?

Kanban

One-piece flow

Single piece flow

Seiketsu

Açıklama:

Doğru Cevap: A

Ünite 8

Soru 1

Which of the following is not a component of the supply chain?

Suppliers

manufacturers

transporters

warehouses

landlords not retailers

Açıklama:

retailers also can be

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 2

Which of following is not correct?

finance considered to be parts of the supply chain

customer service considered to be parts of the supply chain

distribution considered to be parts of the supply chain

marketing considered to be parts of the supply chain

All instuties considered to be parts of the supply chain

Açıklama:

All instuties are not considered to be parts of the supply chain

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 3

"........................... encompasses the planning and management of all
activities involved in sourcing, procurement, conversion, and logistics management."
Which one of the following completes the above sentence correctly?

Supply chain management

Operations Management

Customer Order management

Procurement management

Açıklama:

It should be supply chain management

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 4

Supply chain systems are analyzed via different views.Which of the following is one of them?

Push/Pull View

Replenishment view

Supplier view

Distributor view

Strategic view

Açıklama:

Supply chain systems are analyzed via different views. Cycle View and Push/Pull View are two of the most commonly used ways to view the processes in a supply chain

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 5

"According to.................., processes in a supply chain are divided into two
groups depending on whether they are executed in response to a customer order or in anticipation of a customer order."
Which of the following completes the above sentence correctly?

Push/pull view

Cycle view

Strategic view

Replishment view

Costumer view

Açıklama:

It should be push/pull view

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 6

"............................ is the consistency between customer expectations and supply chain capabilities and supply chain strategie."
Which of the following completes the above sentence correctly?

Strategic fit

Push/Pull View

Cycle View

Replenishment view

Customer view

Açıklama:

Strategic fit is the consistency between
customer expectations and supply chain
capabilities and supply chain strategies.

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 7

According to Chopra and Meindl supply chain responsiveness is defined as the
supply chain’s ability to certain factors. Which of following is not one of them?

respond to wide ranges of quantities demanded

meet short lead times

handle a large variety of products

handle supply certainty

meet a high service level

Açıklama:

According to Chopra and Meindl (2007,
p.30), supply chain responsiveness is defined as the
supply chain’s ability to
• respond to wide ranges of quantities
demanded
• meet short lead times
• handle a large variety of products
• build highly innovative products
• meet a high service level
• handle supply uncertainty

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 8

Supply chain managers aim to ................... total systemwide profitability which is mainly the difference between the revenues from sales and the system costs which include material costs, transportation and distribution costs, manufacturing costs and inventory costs among others.
Which one of the following completes the above sentence correctly?

Minimize

Maximize

Optimize

Decrease

Reduce

Açıklama:

It should be maximize

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 9

"...................are long-term decisions that are generally about the structure of the supply chain and made by top level managers."
Which one of the following completes the above sentence correctly?

Strategic level decisions

Tactical Level Decisions

Operational Level Decisions

Manufacturing Decisions

Uncertainties decisions

Açıklama:

It should be Strategic level decisions

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 10

"............................in supply chains are a set of policies that govern medium term (generally between 6 months and 2 years) decisions and they are constrained by the strategic decisions."
Which one of the following completes the above sentence correctly?

Strategic Level Decisions

Tactical Level Decisions

Operational Level Decisions

Manufacturing Decisions

Inventory Decisions

Açıklama:

It should be tactical level decisions

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 11

I. All activities involved in sourcing
II. Procurement
III. Conversion
IV. Logistics management
Which of the above does supply chain management encompas?

I and II

II, II, and III

II, III and IV

III and IV

I, II, III and IV

Açıklama:

E is the correct answer.
Supply chain management encompasses the planning and management of all activities involved in sourcing, procurement, conversion, and logistics management.

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 12

Supplier
Intermediaries
Third-party service providers
Customers

Which of the above are included in the supply chain?

I and III

I, II and III

I, III and IV

I and IV

I, II, III and IV

Açıklama:

The correct answer is E.

Supplier
Intermediaries
Third-party service providers
Customers

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 13

What does the Customer Order Cycle refer to according to cycle view?

the operations between the customers and the retailers

the relation between the retailers and distributors

the operations between the suppliers and manufacturers

the relation between the suppliers and the customers

the operations between the manufacturers and customers

Açıklama:

A) the operations between the customers and the retailers

Doğru Cevap: A

Soru 14

Which of the following refers to a pull system?

The customers do not specify the product characteristics as they want

It is a speculative system initiated in anticipation of customer orders

Manufacturing is done according to customer orders

Products are manufactured and delivered to retail stores first

Customers can choose the products from the shelves as they wish

Açıklama:

C) Manufacturing is done according to customer orders

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 15

Which of the following defines the consistency between customer expectations and supply chain capabilities and supply chain strategies?

The lead time

The wastage costs

The goods inventory

The supply chain responsiveness

The strategic fit

Açıklama:

E) The strategic fit

Doğru Cevap: E

Soru 16

"These decisions are long-term (over several years) decisions and they are generally about the structure of the supply chain." Which of the following refers to this type of decisions?

Tactical Level Decisions

Operational Level Decisions

Manufacturing Decisions

Strategic Level Decisions

Facility Decisions

Açıklama:

D) Strategic Level Decisions

Doğru Cevap: D

Soru 17

Uncertainties in demand and supply
Economies of scale
Production smoothing
Automated production methods
Anticipations about price changes

Which of the above are the reasons why companies in a supply chain keep inventories?

I and II

I, II and III

I, II, III and V

II and V

I, II, III and IV

Açıklama:

Uncertainties in demand and supply
Economies of scale
Production smoothing
Anticipations about price changes

Doğru Cevap: C

Soru 18

................ is the part of supply chain management that plans, implements, and controls the efficient, effective forward and reverse flow and storage of goods.

Pricing and marketing decision

Logistics management

Manufacturer storage

Sourcing decision

Retail storage

Açıklama:

B) Logistics management

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 19

"The customer gets a single delivery even if his order is composed of multiple pieces produced at different locations." Which of the following refers to this explanation?

Manufacturer storage with direct shipping

Manufacturer storage with direct shipping and in-transit merge

Distributor storage with carrier delivery

Retail storage with customer pick-up

Cross-docking

Açıklama:

B) Manufacturer storage with direct shipping and in-transit merge

Doğru Cevap: B

Soru 20

The phenomena that small changes in customer demand at the end of the supply chain propagate to the beginning of the supply chain with significantly increased order variations is called .............

a decentralized supply chain

strategic partnerships

Order batching

closed-loop supply chain management

the Bullwhip Effect

Açıklama:

E) the Bullwhip Effect

Doğru Cevap: E

Operatıons Management (ENG) - Tüm Sorular

Ünite 1

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Ünite 3

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